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This photo provided by Volkswagen shows the 2025 Taos. The Taos packs plenty of modern tech and safety features into a tidy package. (Courtesy of Volkswagen of America via AP)

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Edmunds singles out the Soul’s agile handling and fuel-sipping engine as reasons to buy one. Both should come in handy for urban driving. And considering city living isn’t inexpensive, it helps knowing the Soul is the least pricey of the five vehicles listed here. One downside to know about the Soul: You can’t get it with all-wheel drive.

This photo provided by Subaru shows the 2025 Crosstrek. The Crosstrek’s outdoorsy design also works well for driving in the urban jungle. (Courtesy of Subaru of North America via AP).

Glass material for molding has additional requirements, such as transparency, excellence in scratch resistance, stability in optical properties in temperature changes, the properties include refractive index, no crystalization or volatile substances occurs while forming, not containing a material which can react with molds, and are free from pollutants, such as lead and arsenic compounds. Glass lens has advantages over the plastic lens on the aspects as shown above, as well as hardness, refractive index, light permeability, stability to environmetal changes in terms of temperature and humidity, although plascic lens can be mass-produced at a low cost. Furthermore, for the convenience of users, providing a wide variety of glass materials for molding is important to meet customers’ needs.

Also, a preform has improved. Conventionally, a lens preform, shaped in ball, disc or near-net, generated out of raw glass by grinding and polishing processes. A gob preform, a firepolished preform produced directly from the melt without any additional surface processing, has developed and commercialized. For many years, SUMITA has been a reliable supplier for precision gob preforms made of glass materials for molding.

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These five small SUVs have modest proportions, sharp driving manners, and fuel-sipping engines that make them a savvy choice for city dwellers.

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The larger diameter lens will allow more light to be gathered. However, a larger diameter lens tends to be thicker than a smaller diameter lens, making it more likely to create aberration.

Considering these requirements, SUMITA successfully developed a new glass material for molding, ‘K-PG325 Super Vidron’ with low softening temperature at 325 ℃ (617 ℉) in 2002. Since then, SUMITA has been developed a wide variety of glass materials for molding.

SUVs are popular in part due to their elevated ride height, commanding view of the road, and roomy interiors. Yet many midsize and large SUVs feel cumbersome in city driving. Smaller and more agile vehicles are a great alternative to help make city driving less of a chore. Edmunds’ experts have brought together five city-friendly SUVs that are right at home navigating busy traffic and squeezing into curbside parking spots. All pricing below includes the destination charge.

City living can mean space is at a premium. With this in mind, car shoppers who want a spacious vehicle with a small footprint would be smart to put the Kia Soul on their shopping list. The Soul is Kia’s smallest vehicle, but its boxy shape allows for a generous amount of headroom and legroom in both the front and second rows. The 24.2-cubic-foot cargo hold is also commendable.

Aspheric lenses have non-spherical shapes, and have a more complex front surface, such as ellips, parabola, hyberbola, quadric, as well as toric which resembles a section of the surface of a rugby ball or a doughnut. In this page, we are going to cover how conventional spherical lenses work and the advantages of aspheric lenses. For an introduction to aspheric lens, click the button below. Dr. Nazetaro’s Lesson ”Basics of Optical Glass” Types of Simple Lenses and How They Work Convex lens Biconvex Curved outward on both sides Plano-convex Flat on one side and curved outward on the other side Convex Meniscus Meniscus means a crescent moon or an object shaped like it. Curved inward on one side and curved outward on the other side more strongly. Thicker in the middle than they are at the edges. Images formed by lenses With convex lens Concave lens Biconcave Curved inward on both sides Plano-concave Flat on one side and curved inward on the other side Concave Meniscus Concave meniscus is a lens curved inward on one side and curved outward on the other side less strongly. Thicker at the edges than they are in the middle. Images formed by lenses With concave lens Why Aspheric Lens is Needed? What is Lens? Lenses are used when magnifying tiny or distant objects to help us see more detail. Also, a camera lens is used to make images of objects either on photographic films or on other media. Traditional simple lenses are spherical lenses, one or both sides are concave/convex or one of the surface is flat, and their shapes are often made by grinding and polishing. Disadvantages of Spherical Lens Higher zoom lens is used when you shoot something small or from far distance. As you zoom to higher magnifications, the image dims since the amount of light entering lens decreases the more you zoom in. The same applies in the case when fast shutter speed is needed, such as photographing high-pace sport. The faster the shutter speed, the shorter the time image sensor is exposed to light, and the darker the resulting photograph. The larger diameter lens will allow more light to be gathered. However, a larger diameter lens tends to be thicker than a smaller diameter lens, making it more likely to create aberration. What is Aberration? For lenses made with spherical surfaces, rays which are parallel to the optic axis but at different distances from the optic axis fail to converge to the same point. If the center of the image stay in focus an bright, the edges of the field apprear blurry and dimmeter. How is Spherical Aberration Corrected? Spherical aberration is typically minimized by combination of multiple lenses into an optical assembly. Also, by using fewer aspheric lenses instead of a greater number of conventional spherical lenses can reduce or eliminate the aberration. Aspheric Lens Which can Reduce or Eliminate Spherical Aberration Aspheric lens has a non-spherical lens surface. The main advantage of aspheric lenses is its ability to correct for spherical aberration. Aspheric lenses allow optical designers to correct aberrations using fewer elements than conventional spherical optics because the former gives them more aberration correction than multiple surfaces of the latter. Given that, smaller amount of aspheric lenses can be substituted for many spherical lenses to achieve similar or better optical results, while reducing system size, simplifying the assembly process, and yielding imaging lenses that ultimately cost less and outperform assemblies made of traditional spherical components. However, aspheric lenses are not free from problems. Aspheric lenses tends to be more difficult to be manufactured by conventional fabrication prosess such as grinding and polishing, since aspheric lens elements are more complex than spherical ones. Consequently, aspheric lenses had not been widely applied. As an alternative approach, aspheric lenses can be manufactured by glass molding process: a preform or near-net-shape glass is introduced to heated molds within a molding machine, pressed by two mold halves, then the formed lens is cooled down and released from the molds. Glass molding is as an effective approach to produce precision optical elements with complex shapes at high production efficiency. Once the mold is finished, the incremental cost for each lens is lower than that of standard manufacturing techniques for aspheres, making this technique a great option for high volume production. Glass molding had an issue that arise from the very high-temperature for softening of a glass, which can deteriorate the molding easily and shorten the service life of molds. Requiring high temperature also means it takes time to heat and cool down the mold. Thus, the development of low softening temperature optical glasses for molding had been expected for a long time. Glass material for molding has additional requirements, such as transparency, excellence in scratch resistance, stability in optical properties in temperature changes, the properties include refractive index, no crystalization or volatile substances occurs while forming, not containing a material which can react with molds, and are free from pollutants, such as lead and arsenic compounds. Glass lens has advantages over the plastic lens on the aspects as shown above, as well as hardness, refractive index, light permeability, stability to environmetal changes in terms of temperature and humidity, although plascic lens can be mass-produced at a low cost. Furthermore, for the convenience of users, providing a wide variety of glass materials for molding is important to meet customers’ needs. Considering these requirements, SUMITA successfully developed a new glass material for molding, ‘K-PG325 Super Vidron’ with low softening temperature at 325 ℃ (617 ℉) in 2002. Since then, SUMITA has been developed a wide variety of glass materials for molding. Also, a preform has improved. Conventionally, a lens preform, shaped in ball, disc or near-net, generated out of raw glass by grinding and polishing processes. A gob preform, a firepolished preform produced directly from the melt without any additional surface processing, has developed and commercialized. For many years, SUMITA has been a reliable supplier for precision gob preforms made of glass materials for molding. Glass Modling Machine In order to cost effectively manufacture of the lens, heating and cooling cycle is optimized for the fastest possible cycle time. There is a series of additional requirements which must be considered to produce high precision molded aspherical lenses, including control of temperature and pressing load in a high accuracy, and the uniformity of temperature in glass, since non-uniformity of temperature in glass will cause distortion. In the glass forming process, it is necessary for the molding system to purge of oxygen and filled with inert gas, such as nitrogen and argon, in order to avoid detrimental reactions caused by oxygen including a deterioration of molding die and contact-induced glass sticking. Recently, SUMITA manufactures not only molded aspheric lenses but also molded diffraction gratings, microlens arrays and other surfaces microstructures. The surface profile of the molded lenses can be precisely controlled by changing the applied gas pressure. SUMITA’s ‘Vacuum Osvvesita’ is the optimum glass molding machine for research and development and a small lot production.

This photo provided by Kia shows the 2025 Soul. The Soul’s small size makes it easy to park and drive in the city. (Courtesy of Kia America via AP)

In order to cost effectively manufacture of the lens, heating and cooling cycle is optimized for the fastest possible cycle time. There is a series of additional requirements which must be considered to produce high precision molded aspherical lenses, including control of temperature and pressing load in a high accuracy, and the uniformity of temperature in glass, since non-uniformity of temperature in glass will cause distortion.

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This story was provided to The Associated Press by the automotive website Edmunds. Nick Kurczewski is a contributor at Edmunds.

Recently, SUMITA manufactures not only molded aspheric lenses but also molded diffraction gratings, microlens arrays and other surfaces microstructures. The surface profile of the molded lenses can be precisely controlled by changing the applied gas pressure. SUMITA’s ‘Vacuum Osvvesita’ is the optimum glass molding machine for research and development and a small lot production.

Glass molding had an issue that arise from the very high-temperature for softening of a glass, which can deteriorate the molding easily and shorten the service life of molds. Requiring high temperature also means it takes time to heat and cool down the mold. Thus, the development of low softening temperature optical glasses for molding had been expected for a long time.

Inside and out, the Envista looks and feels like a more expensive vehicle than it really is. The touchscreen interface is attractive and easy to use, while available features like heated front seats and a heated steering wheel, a power liftgate, and rain-sensing wipers impart an upmarket appeal to Buick’s least expensive SUV. One trade-off is cargo space, the Envista’s swoopy shape means trunk volume is less than what many competitors provide.

If you’re routinely in a hurry, Edmunds suggests sidestepping the 152-horsepower base four-cylinder engine and upgrading to the punchier 182-horsepower version. Subaru puts it in every 2025 Crosstrek except the base trim level. The interior is simple but durable, the controls are logically placed and within easy reach. At 19.9 cubic feet in capacity, the cargo area is on the smaller side among compact SUVs. Yet its low load floor and wide-opening hatch make it easy to get bulky items aboard.

However, aspheric lenses are not free from problems. Aspheric lenses tends to be more difficult to be manufactured by conventional fabrication prosess such as grinding and polishing, since aspheric lens elements are more complex than spherical ones. Consequently, aspheric lenses had not been widely applied.

This photo provided by Buick shows the 2025 Envista. The Envista is Buick’s least expensive SUV but it doesn’t lack style or comfort. (Courtesy of General Motors via AP)

In the glass forming process, it is necessary for the molding system to purge of oxygen and filled with inert gas, such as nitrogen and argon, in order to avoid detrimental reactions caused by oxygen including a deterioration of molding die and contact-induced glass sticking.

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The Mercedes-Benz GLB justifies its premium price with cutting-edge technology, a smooth ride and strong performance. The GLB’s upright shape is also practical. This pint-sized Mercedes has 22 cubic feet of cargo volume and an adult-friendly second row. There’s even an optional third row, but it’s suitable only for kids.

For lenses made with spherical surfaces, rays which are parallel to the optic axis but at different distances from the optic axis fail to converge to the same point. If the center of the image stay in focus an bright, the edges of the field apprear blurry and dimmeter.

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The Subaru Crosstrek has standard all-wheel drive and the rugged look of a vehicle bred for life in the wilderness. Thankfully, the Crosstrek is equally capable in an urban jungle. Subaru gives the Crosstrek an elevated ride height to help with off-roading, but that extra clearance also comes in handy when dealing with big speed bumps or steep parking garage entrances.

For an introduction to aspheric lens, click the button below. Dr. Nazetaro’s Lesson ”Basics of Optical Glass” Types of Simple Lenses and How They Work Convex lens Biconvex Curved outward on both sides Plano-convex Flat on one side and curved outward on the other side Convex Meniscus Meniscus means a crescent moon or an object shaped like it. Curved inward on one side and curved outward on the other side more strongly. Thicker in the middle than they are at the edges. Images formed by lenses With convex lens Concave lens Biconcave Curved inward on both sides Plano-concave Flat on one side and curved inward on the other side Concave Meniscus Concave meniscus is a lens curved inward on one side and curved outward on the other side less strongly. Thicker at the edges than they are in the middle. Images formed by lenses With concave lens Why Aspheric Lens is Needed? What is Lens? Lenses are used when magnifying tiny or distant objects to help us see more detail. Also, a camera lens is used to make images of objects either on photographic films or on other media. Traditional simple lenses are spherical lenses, one or both sides are concave/convex or one of the surface is flat, and their shapes are often made by grinding and polishing. Disadvantages of Spherical Lens Higher zoom lens is used when you shoot something small or from far distance. As you zoom to higher magnifications, the image dims since the amount of light entering lens decreases the more you zoom in. The same applies in the case when fast shutter speed is needed, such as photographing high-pace sport. The faster the shutter speed, the shorter the time image sensor is exposed to light, and the darker the resulting photograph. The larger diameter lens will allow more light to be gathered. However, a larger diameter lens tends to be thicker than a smaller diameter lens, making it more likely to create aberration. What is Aberration? For lenses made with spherical surfaces, rays which are parallel to the optic axis but at different distances from the optic axis fail to converge to the same point. If the center of the image stay in focus an bright, the edges of the field apprear blurry and dimmeter. How is Spherical Aberration Corrected? Spherical aberration is typically minimized by combination of multiple lenses into an optical assembly. Also, by using fewer aspheric lenses instead of a greater number of conventional spherical lenses can reduce or eliminate the aberration. Aspheric Lens Which can Reduce or Eliminate Spherical Aberration Aspheric lens has a non-spherical lens surface. The main advantage of aspheric lenses is its ability to correct for spherical aberration. Aspheric lenses allow optical designers to correct aberrations using fewer elements than conventional spherical optics because the former gives them more aberration correction than multiple surfaces of the latter. Given that, smaller amount of aspheric lenses can be substituted for many spherical lenses to achieve similar or better optical results, while reducing system size, simplifying the assembly process, and yielding imaging lenses that ultimately cost less and outperform assemblies made of traditional spherical components. However, aspheric lenses are not free from problems. Aspheric lenses tends to be more difficult to be manufactured by conventional fabrication prosess such as grinding and polishing, since aspheric lens elements are more complex than spherical ones. Consequently, aspheric lenses had not been widely applied. As an alternative approach, aspheric lenses can be manufactured by glass molding process: a preform or near-net-shape glass is introduced to heated molds within a molding machine, pressed by two mold halves, then the formed lens is cooled down and released from the molds. Glass molding is as an effective approach to produce precision optical elements with complex shapes at high production efficiency. Once the mold is finished, the incremental cost for each lens is lower than that of standard manufacturing techniques for aspheres, making this technique a great option for high volume production. Glass molding had an issue that arise from the very high-temperature for softening of a glass, which can deteriorate the molding easily and shorten the service life of molds. Requiring high temperature also means it takes time to heat and cool down the mold. Thus, the development of low softening temperature optical glasses for molding had been expected for a long time. Glass material for molding has additional requirements, such as transparency, excellence in scratch resistance, stability in optical properties in temperature changes, the properties include refractive index, no crystalization or volatile substances occurs while forming, not containing a material which can react with molds, and are free from pollutants, such as lead and arsenic compounds. Glass lens has advantages over the plastic lens on the aspects as shown above, as well as hardness, refractive index, light permeability, stability to environmetal changes in terms of temperature and humidity, although plascic lens can be mass-produced at a low cost. Furthermore, for the convenience of users, providing a wide variety of glass materials for molding is important to meet customers’ needs. Considering these requirements, SUMITA successfully developed a new glass material for molding, ‘K-PG325 Super Vidron’ with low softening temperature at 325 ℃ (617 ℉) in 2002. Since then, SUMITA has been developed a wide variety of glass materials for molding. Also, a preform has improved. Conventionally, a lens preform, shaped in ball, disc or near-net, generated out of raw glass by grinding and polishing processes. A gob preform, a firepolished preform produced directly from the melt without any additional surface processing, has developed and commercialized. For many years, SUMITA has been a reliable supplier for precision gob preforms made of glass materials for molding. Glass Modling Machine In order to cost effectively manufacture of the lens, heating and cooling cycle is optimized for the fastest possible cycle time. There is a series of additional requirements which must be considered to produce high precision molded aspherical lenses, including control of temperature and pressing load in a high accuracy, and the uniformity of temperature in glass, since non-uniformity of temperature in glass will cause distortion. In the glass forming process, it is necessary for the molding system to purge of oxygen and filled with inert gas, such as nitrogen and argon, in order to avoid detrimental reactions caused by oxygen including a deterioration of molding die and contact-induced glass sticking. Recently, SUMITA manufactures not only molded aspheric lenses but also molded diffraction gratings, microlens arrays and other surfaces microstructures. The surface profile of the molded lenses can be precisely controlled by changing the applied gas pressure. SUMITA’s ‘Vacuum Osvvesita’ is the optimum glass molding machine for research and development and a small lot production.

During testing, Edmunds noted the standard 221-turbocharged four-cylinder has enough grunt to get the GLB from zero to 60 mph in 6.5 seconds. Want to further shorten your commuting times? A 302-horsepower sport-tuned model, the AMG GLB 35, is even more rapid and rides on a hunkered-down suspension. You can get GLB with some helpful tech features, such as a surround-view parking camera system, but be aware that adding a lot of options can send the GLB’s price soaring far above a city skyline.

It takes something a little extra to stand out in a city environment. This is why the Buick Envista earns a spot on this list. It has an eye-catching design that cuts a stylish path through traffic. Few vehicles are able to do this at such a budget-friendly price.

The Volkswagen Taos is a compact SUV that Edmunds has found to feel a cut above many similarly sized rivals. The Taos is easy to maneuver, and its upright shape and large windows mean outward visibility is excellent. This matters a lot in the cut and thrust of city driving. Passenger and cargo space ranks among the best in its class, and the Taos’ engine is powerful enough for quick getaways at stoplights.

Every 2025 Taos comes with a user-friendly 8-inch touchscreen and wireless device charging. And since navigating city traffic can be tricky, it’s nice knowing that driver assist features such as rear cross-traffic warning, blind-spot warning and automatic emergency braking are all standard.

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Spherical aberration is typically minimized by combination of multiple lenses into an optical assembly. Also, by using fewer aspheric lenses instead of a greater number of conventional spherical lenses can reduce or eliminate the aberration.

Aspheric lens has a non-spherical lens surface. The main advantage of aspheric lenses is its ability to correct for spherical aberration. Aspheric lenses allow optical designers to correct aberrations using fewer elements than conventional spherical optics because the former gives them more aberration correction than multiple surfaces of the latter. Given that, smaller amount of aspheric lenses can be substituted for many spherical lenses to achieve similar or better optical results, while reducing system size, simplifying the assembly process, and yielding imaging lenses that ultimately cost less and outperform assemblies made of traditional spherical components.

This photo provided by Edmunds shows the Mercedes-Benz GLB. The GLB is a great prick if you want an upscale small SUV that’s ideal for driving in the city. (Courtesy of Edmunds via AP)

Higher zoom lens is used when you shoot something small or from far distance. As you zoom to higher magnifications, the image dims since the amount of light entering lens decreases the more you zoom in. The same applies in the case when fast shutter speed is needed, such as photographing high-pace sport. The faster the shutter speed, the shorter the time image sensor is exposed to light, and the darker the resulting photograph.

Lenses are used when magnifying tiny or distant objects to help us see more detail. Also, a camera lens is used to make images of objects either on photographic films or on other media. Traditional simple lenses are spherical lenses, one or both sides are concave/convex or one of the surface is flat, and their shapes are often made by grinding and polishing.

As an alternative approach, aspheric lenses can be manufactured by glass molding process: a preform or near-net-shape glass is introduced to heated molds within a molding machine, pressed by two mold halves, then the formed lens is cooled down and released from the molds. Glass molding is as an effective approach to produce precision optical elements with complex shapes at high production efficiency. Once the mold is finished, the incremental cost for each lens is lower than that of standard manufacturing techniques for aspheres, making this technique a great option for high volume production.