So, to help you decide which type of fire extinguisher best suits your needs, we've created a comprehensive run-down of each type of extinguisher. This includes how they work and how to use them, what types of fire they should and should not be used on, and why.

Most importantly, water extinguishers should never be used on cooking oil/fat fires. When water hits the super-heated oil, it will start to boil, as well as sink below the surface. The steam produced will rise and carry the super-heated oil with it, which will immediately catch fire on contact with the air, creating a column of flame.

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Metal fires (class D) do not need atmospheric oxygen to sustain combustion. Since CO2 extinguishers work principally by displacing oxygen, they are ineffective in dealing with metal fires. CO2 also reacts with metals like lithium and magnesium at high temperatures, and this reaction can intensify the fire.

CO2 is effective against flammable liquid fires. It displaces oxygen in the area surrounding the fuel and - since it is denser than air - it will also sink. This means the concentration of CO2 low down will still be high, even as it disperses, so the liquid will be prevented from reigniting.

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To use a water extinguisher, point the extinguisher nozzle at the burning material, then squeeze the handles. Spray the water back and forth in a sweeping pattern to ensure maximum coverage.

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If you require any further information or clarification on this issue, please contact the investigating officer that sent you the submission request.

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Extinguisher foam contains water, which can react with the burning metal to release flammable hydrogen, intensifying the fire. Metal fires also occur at very high temperatures, and foam will not be able to cool them to the point that they won’t reignite.

Axon Community is the application WRPS officers use within our DEMS platform to send electronic invitations to witnesses to upload photographic or video evidence into our secure storage cloud, without confiscating phones/devices or setting appointments to gather hard copies of these files.  This reduces the need for the use of DVD’s, USB’s, or any other transportable method that ultimately increases the risk of a privacy breach through lost media or storage of personal information in multiple locations.

If you would like to learn more about our fire protection or fire risk assessment offerings, simply fill out the form below, and one of our experts will be in contact.

A dry powder fire extinguisher releases a fine chemical powder, typically monoammonium phosphate or ammonium sulphate. This powder expands in the heat created by a fire and coagulates to create a barrier between the burning fuel and its oxygen supply, smothering the flames. Point the nozzle at the base of the fire and sweep the spray back and forth, so the powder can cover all the flammable material.

Dry powder should also not be used on oil/fat fires. It has very little in the way of a cooling effect, will not form a sufficient barrier on the surface of the oil, and the pressurised spray may splash the oil and spread the fire further.

Powder extinguishers should not be used on metal fires (Class D). Class D fires need to be cooled below their ignition point to be fully extinguished, and powder does not have a significant cooling effect. There is also a risk of reaction as many metals responsible for these fires are highly reactive. These reactions can release flammable gases and exacerbate, rather than suppress the fire.

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Any digital files submitted for an investigation but not used as evidence to support a prosecution are retained for a 30-month period.  This takes into consideration the current civil limitation period of 24 months plus the time to serve a claim of 6 months.

Like the water-based variety, a foam extinguisher is very effective against Class A fires. The foam smothers the flames, and lowers the temperature of the fuel, so it won’t reignite. Unlike water, the low density of the foam makes it suitable for use on burning liquids (Class B fires) too. Rather than sinking, the foam sits on top of the liquid, cutting it off from its oxygen supply while preventing flammable vapours from escaping and reigniting. Foam extinguishers aren’t effective against gas fires, and are dangerous to use on metal, electrical and cooking oil fires.

Wet chemical extinguishers should not be used against Class A, B, C, D or electrical fires because the chemicals used don’t produce enough of a cooling effect to prevent Class A fires from reigniting. They also won’t sit on top of burning liquids (Class B), and will simply disperse them, increasing the area of the fire.

A Carbon Dioxide (CO2) extinguisher releases pressurised carbon dioxide, which quickly displaces oxygen around the fire, smothering the flames. To use, point the horn of the extinguisher at the base of the fire then sweep back and forward to cover the entire area. However, do not hold the horn, as it becomes extremely cold during discharge. This could cause the user’s hand to stick to the horn and may even result in frostbite.

Please visit Axon Public Safety Canada directly for information on their privacy considerations and security:  https://www.axon.com/axon-citizen-privacy-policy and https://www.axon.com/security/axon-evidence.

The WRPS Digital Evidence Management System (DEMs) is a Canadian cloud-based platform that allows police to store, manage, transfer and share digital evidence across all public safety agencies.  Axon Public Safety Canada operates this platform, also known as Evidence.com and Axon Evidence.  The Province of Ontario, on behalf of all police services, procured this cloud-based technology to modernize evidence sharing securely amongst justice sector partners and the general public.

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The powder forms a barrier over Class A, B & C fires, cutting off the oxygen supply, smothering the flames.As the powder is not electrically conductive, it is effective on electrical fires. However, it does leave a significant amount of residue, which can damage sensitive electrical equipment.

Carbon dioxide extinguishers should not be used on Class A, C, D or F fires. For Class A fires the main extinguishing action is cooling the burning material. CO2 extinguishers do produce some cooling effect, but this isn’t enough to prevent the fire reigniting.

Extinguisher foam can also accelerate cooking oil fires much like water. It is poor at cooling as well, so may not lower the oil below self-ignition temperature by the time it disperses.

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Finally, most cooking oil fires happen in relatively enclosed areas, and the powder used in an extinguisher is an irritant when inhaled, potentially incapacitating the user in the process of dousing the fire.

As with water, foam also conducts electricity, which makes it an electrocution risk, and it can damage or destroy otherwise salvageable electrical materials.

Fire extinguishers are a crucial piece of fire safety equipment. They can be the difference between a small fire that is nipped in the bud, and one that quickly spreads out of control, causing huge amounts of damage, and possibly putting lives at risk.

Please review the Evidence Submission Request FAQ’s at the bottom of this letter for information on frequent questions or concerns on the security of your submission.

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The exploration and use of technology is essential for WRPS to meet its obligations to the community regarding public safety, including the prevention and investigation of crimes, as well as to improve overall administration. Technologies assessments protect privacy and security while ensuring the public has access to police information, as outlined in the Municipal Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act (MFIPPA).

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This standard provides requirements for the planning, design, construction, and safe operation of all installations in which flammable or combustible liquids ...

Axon Community allows critical evidence to be submitted securely by the community into the WRPS DEMs system, where the software's powerful features will create a chain of custody for all forms of digital evidence anywhere in the province. Files submitted through any Axon Community link will undergo a scan for viruses when the files are ingested into system.

If the files submitted are required as evidence in a court proceeding, they will be retained in accordance with existing evidence retention periods.

If you're interested in discussing your fire, security, smart home or smart business needs, one of our expert advisors will be happy to help.

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Water fire extinguishers should be used on “Class A”, or combustible solid fires that involve materials such as wood, paper, fabrics, furniture, plastics, etc., so-called "carbonaceous" materials.

You or your organization may have recently received an invitation to upload digital evidence through an external link provided by the Waterloo Regional Police Service.  The information below provides some background on the privacy and security behind this request.

A wet chemical fire extinguisher is specifically designed to tackle cooking oil, fat and grease fires. They contain a strong alkaline (or basic) chemical which reacts with the cooking fat to form a soapy, foam-like substance, in a process called “saponification”. This substance forms a film over the surface of the fat, cutting it off from its oxygen supply and smothering the flames in the process.

A foam or Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) fire extinguisher shoots a jet of pressurised, water-based foam. This foam forms a thick blanket over the surface of a fire to suppress the flames and prevent flammable vapours from being released. As with a water extinguisher, point the nozzle at the base of the fire, then spray back and forward in a sweeping motion to cover the entirety of the fuel.

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Burning metals may also react with the wet chemical in an unpredictable manner, either intensifying metal fires, or producing dangerous gases.

It provides capacity to capture, store, manage and share large audio and video files, including those recorded and shared through cell phones, 9-1-1 audio, interview room and body-worn cameras, as well as photographs.  It allows the public to upload evidence related to an investigation directly to our system without the inconvenience of waiting for an officer to attend in person to collect the files.

CO2 is also non-conductive and leaves no residue, so it can be used to douse electrical fires with no risk of shock or causing permanent damage to electrical equipment. CO2 also leaves no residue, so it can be used to douse flames around electrical equipment with no risk of causing permanent damage.

No fire extinguisher is suitable for every type of fire, however. Using the wrong one is, at best, ineffective, and at worst can spread the fire even faster.

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WRPS is committed to assessing the impacts of new and existing technology, procedures and programs with access and privacy at the forefront, as well as to ensure compliance with the Criminal Code of Canada, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the Police Services Act, the Youth Criminal Justice Act and any other relevant laws or legislation.  As such, information is collected through lawful authority, judicial authorization or upon consent.

If you are uncertain of what the biggest fire hazards in your workplace are, we’re here to help. Chris Lewis Fire & Security have been safeguarding homes, campuses and businesses from fires for over 30 years.

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Almost all flammable liquids are less dense than water, so they will just sit on top of it, still burning, and the fire may even be spread as the water carries them further. When sprayed at an electrical fire, the stream of water may create a direct path to the user, shocking or even electrocuting them, as well as damaging any otherwise unscathed electrical components.

The ideal extinguisher for your situation will depend on the fire hazards present in your environment. If you run a restaurant or you are looking for an extinguisher for your home kitchen, you should opt for a wet chemical extinguisher. If you manage a business that uses flammable liquids, a dry powder or foam extinguisher would suit you better.

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Water is especially useful against Class A fires because they have a relatively low ignition point it both cools and soaks the fuel, bringing it below its ignition point, while also blocking oxygen

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Probably the most versatile option, dry powder extinguishers can be used on material, liquid and gas fires (Classes A, B & C), as well as electrical fires.

Unlike other extinguishers, a wet chemical fire extinguisher should not be pointed at the base of the fire, as this could cause the oil to splash and spread the fire. Instead, aim above the flames, so the liquid can fall back down onto the surface of the oil. Apply the spray in slow, circular motions to ensure complete coverage.

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Axon Public Safety Canada manages our DEMS platform through a Canadian cloud-based system. The system has established organizational-wide controls to ensure secure storage, transfer and disposal of all digital records.  These controls govern any wrongful access, attempts to defeat security measures, and inappropriate or personal use of this infrastructure.

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Though water mist extinguishers are very effective at tackling combustible solid fires, they should not be used on gas (Class B), liquid (Class C), combustible metal (Class D), electrical or cooking oil/fat fires (Class F).

Despite routine fire drills and regular testing, school fires still happen - and they can be fatal. Last year alone, uncontrolled building fires caused approximately 272 fatalities in the UK, many of.

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