Despite the tranquillity with which float glass is formed, considerable stresses are developed in the ribbon as it cools.

Depth of fieldphotography examples

An image’s DoF is measured from the closest in-focus point to the farthest in-focus point. Depth of Field could either be deep or shallow.

Depth of field definitionlens

Narrow your aperture by setting your camera to a large F-number. Then, move farther away from the subject and shorten the focal length.

The distance of the subject will determine the depth of field of an image. Generally, the closer the subject is to the camera, the shallower the depth of field becomes. The further away the subject is to the camera, the deeper the depth of field becomes.

The aperture setting ranges from f/1.8-f/64 and you have to use the right lens to capture different aperture ranges. A wider aperture (f/1.4, f/2, etc.) helps create a blurred or soft focus image. On the other hand, a narrower aperture (f/8, f/11, etc.) creates a deeper DoF, creates a sharply focused image.

Too much stress and the glass will break beneath the cutter. To relieve these stresses, the ribbon undergoes heat-treatment in a long furnace known as a lehr. Temperatures are closely controlled both along and across the ribbon. Pilkington has developed technology which automatically feeds back stress levels in the glass to control the temperatures in the lehr.

Occasionally a bubble is not removed during refining, a sand grain refuses to melt, a tremor in the tin puts ripples into the glass ribbon. Automated on-line inspection does two things. It reveals process faults upstream that can be corrected. And it enables computers downstream to steer cutters round flaws. Flaws imply wastage; while customers press constantly for greater perfection. Inspection technology now allows more than 100 million measurements a second to be made across the ribbon, locating flaws the unaided eye would be unable to see. The data drives ‘intelligent’ cutters, further improving product quality to the customer.

On close-up shots, for example, the subject is more focused while the background is usually blurry. In macro photography, images usually have small depths of field. But in landscape shots, the depths of field are larger.

Shallowdepth of field

Fine-grained ingredients, closely controlled for quality, are mixed to make batch, which flows as a blanket on to molten glass at 1,500°C in the melter.

A camera can only focus on a small point in a space. Through this technique, you can determine how much of the image is in “acceptable focus” to the eyes. By understanding the intricacies of DoF, you can also focus on your subject and background at the same time.

Depth of fieldphotography settings

Float glass is sold by the square metre. Computers translate customers’ requirements into patterns of cuts designed to minimise wastage. Increasingly, electronic systems integrate the operation of manufacturing plants with the order book.

The lens helps control the aperture capabilities of the camera. Lens with high magnification capability produces images with smaller DoF. This goes even with large F-stop settings. The longer the camera lens, the shallower the DoF.

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Jasmine Katatikarn is the founder of Academy of Animated Art. She has 20+ years of experience in Feature Animation and VFX. Jasmine’s lighting credits include movies like Ice Age, Ferdinand, Peanuts, and Rio. Read more here.

There are many ways to determine a scene’s depth of field. You can either search for DoF charts for your lenses and camera online, download apps that calculate DoF for you, or use your camera’s DoF button for a preview of the image.

A camera with a large F-stop has a large DoF. It will also require slower shutters speeds so more light enters the sensor, producing images with deeper depths of field. On the other hand, a camera with a small F-stop has faster shutter speeds so less light enters the sensor. This helps produce images with shallow depths of field.

Jasmine Katatikarn is the founder of Academy of Animated Art. She has 20+ years of experience in Feature Animation and VFX. Jasmine’s lighting credits include movies like Ice Age, Ferdinand, Peanuts, and Rio. Read more here.

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Shallow depth highlights the main subject of the image by softening the background or putting it out of focus. This technique is usually applied in portraits. By blurring the background, the visual distractions are minimized, allowing observers to focus on the main subject of the scene.

Not all cameras come with a DoF button but newer ones now come with this standard feature. When using the DoF button, the image may appear darker through the eyepiece but once the image is exposed, the correct exposure settings will be applied.

Shallowdepth of fieldexamples

In filmmaking and cinematography, depth of field gives filmmakers creative control over where the camera is focused on to direct what the audience sees in a scene. The technique helps set up an audience’s expectation in a specific part of the frame to elicit the right level of emotion and attention as the story unravels.

Knowing how to sharpen or soften parts of your images is a great skill to master as an artist. With a shallow depth of field, you can bring the attention to the subject by separating it from the background. This technique is often used in wildlife photography, sports photography, and low light situations. But to focus as much of the scene in a frame, you’ll need maximum depth of field. This technique is often used in landscape photography to bring the viewers’ attention to the entire scene of the image, not just parts of it.

To demonstrate deep DoF, a large depth of space will be shown in subjects such as landscapes. The technique helps make an entire frame appear to be sharp or in focus, from the foreground to the background.

Watch the magic of this science-based process begins to unfold, in a series of stages on a float line that may be nearly half a kilometre long. Raw materials enter at one end. From the other, plates of glass emerge, cut precisely to specification, at rates as high as 6,000 tonnes a week. In between lie six high integrated stages...

Coatings that make profound changes in optical properties can be applied by advanced high temperature technology to the cooling ribbon of glass.

What’s the secret to creating unique, striking images with perfect backgrounds? When composing an image, you have to control the distance between the foreground and the background of the subject that’s in focus. This technique is called Depth of Field (DoF) and it is a powerful principle that separates good photographs from stunning, unforgettable images that look professionally done.

Depth of field definitionphotography

Glass from the melter flows gently over a refractory spout on to the mirror-like surface of molten tin, starting at 1,100°C and leaving the float bath as a solid ribbon at 600°C.

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Shallowdepth of fieldphotography

Depth of Field is defined as the range of focus on a photograph or film. It is a basic technique that photographers, cinematographers, and camera operators use to create high-impact images that draw the audience’s attention.

Float makes glass of near optical quality. Several processes – melting, refining, homogenising – take place simultaneously in the 2,000 tonnes of molten glass in the furnace. They occur in separate zones in a complex glass flow driven by high temperatures. It adds up to a continuous melting process, lasting as long as 50 hours, that delivers glass at 1,100°C, free from inclusions and bubbles, smoothly and continuously to the float bath. The melting process is key to glass quality; and compositions can be modified to change the properties of the finished product.

The principle of float glass is unchanged from the 1950s. But the product has changed dramatically: from a single equilibrium thickness of 6.8 mm to a range from sub-millimetre to 25 mm; from a ribbon frequently marred by inclusions, bubbles and striations to almost optical perfection. Float delivers what is known as fire finish, the lustre of new chinaware.

The float process is renowned for making perfectly flat, flaw-free glass. But to ensure the highest quality, inspection takes place at every stage.

On-line chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of coatings is the most significant advance in the float process since it was invented. CVD can be used to lay down a variety of coatings, less than a micron thick, to reflect visible and infrared wavelengths, for instance. Multiple coatings can be deposited in the few seconds available as the glass ribbon flows beneath the coaters. Further development of the CVD process may well replace changes in composition as the principal way of varying the optical properties of float glass.

Depth of field definitionmicroscope

Aperture or F-stop is a camera setting that controls the DoF. The setting controls the amount of light that enters the film or digital sensor through an adjustable opening. The angle of light that strikes the film or sensor changes as the range of aperture changes. Aperture is measured by f-stops, which can be adjusted through the camera controls. The F-stop setting adjusts the ratio depending on the size of the lens that opens as well as the focal length.

Telephoto lens, for instance, helps create images with shallow depth of field. Cameras with a wide-angle lens, on the other hand, will produce images with more depth of field

Widen your aperture by setting your camera to a smaller F-number. Move closer to the subject and extend your focal length.