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A stop sign is one of our most valuable and effective control devices when used at the right place and under the right conditions. It is intended to help drivers and pedestrians at an intersection decide who has the right-of-way. The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) is a set of well-developed, federal and state recognized guidelines that help to indicate when such controls become necessary. These guidelines take into consideration, among other things, the probability of vehicles arriving at an intersection at the same time, the length of time traffic must wait to enter, traffic delays, and the availability of safe crossing opportunities. Public understanding of the function of stop signs is one of the most critical elements in reducing speeding and traffic accidents. The following information explains the City of Rohnert Park policy on intersection traffic controls and the correct use of stop signs: Q: What is the purpose of a stop sign? A: The stop sign is used to assign right of way at an intersection and to make sure that traffic flows smoothly and predictably. Q: Will a stop sign reduce speeding in my neighborhood? A: Because a stop sign is used to assign right of way at an intersection, it is not an effective means to control speeding. Research shows that where stop signs are installed as “deterrents” or “speed breakers,” there are high incidences of intentional violations resulting in accidents. When vehicles must stop, the speed reduction is only near the stop sign, and drivers tend to speed up between stop sign controlled intersections. When not required to stop by cross street traffic, only 5 to 20% of all drivers come to a complete stop, 40 to 60% will come to a rolling stop below 5 mph, and 20 to 40% will pass through at higher speeds. Signs placed on major and collector streets for the purpose of speed reduction are the most flagrantly violated. Stop signs are not warranted in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) as an effective measure to reduce speeding. Q: Will increasing the use of stop signs in my neighborhood, better control traffic? A: As with any traffic control device, overuse of stop signs will cause many drivers to ignore them, creating a more hazardous situation, especially in low volume areas, such as residential neighborhoods. Because a stop sign causes a substantial inconvenience to motorists, it should be used only where needed. Studies have shown that, sometimes, after installing a stop sign there is an increase in rear-end collisions. Also, the stop sign may cause such an inconvenience that traffic detours through residential streets, parking lots, etc. A little known fact is that the “stop and go traffic” resulting from the placement of stop signs will increase carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, and volatile organic compound emissions, thereby negatively impacting the air quality in your area. There is a noticeable noise increase in the vicinity of an intersection from acceleration and braking. Additionally, deceleration, idling, and acceleration of vehicles increases fuel consumption. Q: How can I get a stop sign on my street? A: The City’s Engineering and Public Works Departments employs a consultant to evaluate intersections, following State and Federal guidelines, to ensure uniformity in traffic control. The survey includes reviewing the following criteria outlined in the MUTCD:

It’s time to create true public safety everywhere in America, including on college campuses. Enslaved people literally laid the foundations of many of this country’s colleges and universities. And today Black students are harassed, assaulted, and made to feel like criminals by the very people who are supposed to ensure their safety on the campuses they call home. This has to end.

As more and more colleges and universities create or expand campus police departments, millions of students, along with tens of thousands of residents in bordering neighborhoods, are now under the jurisdiction of campus police officers, who routinely abuse and racially profile Black and Brown people on campus and off.

Despite violent crimes at colleges dropping 27% between 2004 and 2011 (and despite data that suggests most arrests on campus are for low-level incidents involving alcohol and cannabis), departments keep adding officers every year, arming themselves with military weapons, and expanding their jurisdictions. Nationwide, 86% of officers are empowered to make arrests off campus.

Despite the huge numbers of students and local residents they patrol, campus police are less transparent and have even less accountability than traditional police departments. Conventional police agencies, by law, make their records public. But many private colleges argue that campus police are exempt, making it much harder to investigate incidents of bias and violence.

Today 92% of public colleges and 38% of private colleges have campus police. The number of campus police officers is increasing nationwide—and 94% of all officers are authorized to carry a weapon. Campus police budgets are increasing too. The University of California, for example, spent $75.3 million in 2009/10 for policing across its 10 campuses. By 2019/20 it was spending almost twice that, $148.5 million. Projections are that UC spending will keep increasing. Imagine if UC and other colleges spent that money on helping their students, instead of policing them.

Saying “I love you” shouldn’t cost a thing — especially during the holidays. But for decades the predatory prison telecom industry has charged people who are incarcerated absurdly high rates just to call home. How did this happen? And what can we do about it?

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It’s important to say that even if policing started out as, and continues to be, a tool of the white elite, police violence, on campuses and off, hurts everyone. White students are not immune. To cite just two examples:

Campus policing is no different. Many campus police departments were founded back in the 1940s and ’50s to maintain segregation—between predominantly white college campuses and the communities of color that had begun growing up around them.

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Experience has shown that improving the intersection visibility by prohibiting parking near the intersection or removing other sight distance obstructions, is often more effective in reducing traffic accidents. Because each survey costs approximately $1,000 the City must be judicious with use of these services. Q: What are the uses for multi-way and two-way stop signs? A: Ordinarily, a multi-way stop sign should be used only where the volume of traffic is nearly equal on both intersecting roads. In situations where the volume is extremely heavy, a traffic light is more effective. Also, a multi-way stop sign is often used at an intersection where signals are urgently needed, but have not yet been installed. The multi-way sign can be installed quickly to control traffic while arrangements are being made for the signal installations. Two-way stop control is used in areas where one street has a much higher traffic volume than the street it intersects. A two-way stop may be suitable under the following circumstances:

Here’s why so many students have joined the movement to abolish campus policing: Campus police officers, like their counterparts in local police departments all over the US, have been harassing, assaulting, shooting, and killing people of color—students and local residents alike—with impunity, for years.

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Across the US, and right here in our home state of Vermont, students are demanding accountability. They’re demanding an end to racial profiling and abuse on college campuses. The University of Southern California (USC) found, for example, that 31.7% of 1,050 stops by its campus officers in 2019-20 involved Black people, although Black people made up just 5.5% of students, 8.8% of staff, 3% of faculty and 12% of neighbors. Similar examples of bias have been found on campuses all over the country.

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Legal, federally supported housing practices like redlining barred Black people from buying and owning homes in neighborhoods like those, not to mention many others throughout the country. In an early civil rights victory, this overtly racist practice was (technically) abandoned in 1948. But while many Black people celebrated, leaders of universities and colleges were left wondering how to maintain white control of the neighborhoods around their campuses. They saw campus policing as the answer.

The examples of campus police violence go on and on. At a time when on-campus hate crimes have been on the rise, Black and Brown students continue to face racist mistreatment at the hands of campus police.

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American policing has its origins in Southern slave patrols and white supremacy. That legacy persists today in racist policing, in both policy and practice. Policing has always primarily been designed to serve the narrow interests of America’s white, wealthy ruling class.

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Young people have been leaders in the effort to hold officers accountable and transform policing, both on campus and off. To stand with them, and transform public safety all across the country, take action and tell Congress to pass the People’s Response Act today.

When we see all this, when we see that the number of Black people arrested by campus police is going up even as overall campus police arrests go down, we know that the problem is policing itself. Whoever campus police are supposed to be keeping safe, it’s clearly not students of color.

Young people are leading the way in demanding that we create a true system of public safety everywhere in America, and that includes on college campuses.

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Many of the country’s wealthiest, most selective colleges and universities were founded in cities hundreds of years ago. For much of their existence, their students (almost entirely wealthy, white, and male) lived on campuses that were surrounded by white neighborhoods.

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The University of Chicago, with 15,000 students, has one of the largest private police forces in the world—which it also uses to patrol 50,000 residents who happen to live near campus. In response to the racial profiling of students and local residents by UCDP officers, University of Chicago students have called for the force to be abolished and for police funds to be used in support of students of color instead. They’re not alone: Student-led coalitions (which often include faculty and local residents) have called for ending the use of private police forces and/or cutting ties with local police departments at Columbia University, Harvard University, Johns Hopkins University, Ohio State University, Yale University, and elsewhere.

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At colleges and universities all around the country, students and student-led organizations are rallying to push their schools to abolish violent and militarized campus policing and hold officers accountable for their misconduct.