The resulting energy loss makes it difficult to move and function. At the same time, the tiny neurological impulses that travel throughout the body to direct muscle movement are interrupted.

The piece has been updated to clarify that the Fatal Encounters dataset does not claim Tasers are the sole cause of death in the cases they analyzed. The dataset shows more than 500 people died “soon after” being Tased since 2010.

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The prominence of body cameras in the national conversation comes amid a litany of lobbying by the two companies. One of the companies lobbying last year for the bill’s promotion of body cameras was Axon, which at the time already had a customer relationship with 17,000 of the nation’s 18,000 law enforcement agencies. According to its 2020 10-K filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the company had sales representatives assigned to the 1,200 biggest agencies, which account for between 70 and 80 percent of U.S. law enforcement officers. The company claims that its “mission is to protect life” and that its body cameras allow cops “to work effectively and transparently.” It says that its Taser weapons “protect life without taking it,” though a Fatal Encounters dataset showed that more than 500 people have died after being Tased since 2010.

While communities seeking reform might view body cameras as a tool for accountability, police agencies might view them as an investigative tool. “The most common use to which body-worn camera videos are put is nothing at all,” said Stoughton, of the University of South Carolina. “The second most common thing is they’re used in support of police operations,” including as evidence in criminal prosecutions. “And then there are the accountability uses.”

STUNGUN EFFECT & USE: A stungun is a legal (check state & local laws) EID, Electronic Immobilization Device that emits high voltage shock. By merely applying the unit to an attacker, they are immobilized for up to several minutes with no permanent damage.

When Minneapolis police murdered George Floyd, responsibility fell on 17-year-old bystander Darnella Frazier to capture the killing on a now-infamous cellphone video. Derek Chauvin, the former cop who was convicted of Floyd’s murder, was wearing a body camera at the beginning of the incident, but it allegedly fell off and slid under the squad car before he knelt on Floyd’s neck. His camera was made by a company called Axon — formerly known as Taser — the largest provider of body cameras in the United States.

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Lesson Three: take quick but detailed mental notes of the attacker, and then RUN! Go get help immediately. If you've stunned the guy long enough to drop him to the ground, chances are it'll take some time for him to run off. And even if he does, you should have some details to give to the police. Oh and be sure to even call the police. Some people figure that if the guy runs off, it's too late. It's not. The guy with a few screws loose that just attacked you will do it again. And if you don't report it, then we can't warn others. And the next person may not be as prepared as you.

Many people feel a specific emotion when they see a stun gun, and that emotion is usually fear. It's mainly from the electricity. People have this innate fear of electricity even if they've never had any experience with it.

A stun gun is an electrical self-defense device that uses high voltage to stop an attacker. Touching a person with the prongs of the device quickly immobilizes the attacker. However, because the amperage is very low, no serious or permanent injury is inflicted.The stun gun is designed to key into the nervous system. It dumps its energy into the muscles at a high pulse frequency that makes the muscles work very rapidly but not efficiently.

Lesson One: To use a stun gun, have the weapon out and in your hand in any situation where you could be an easy target. I'm not saying to walk around Wal-Mart with a stun gun in your hand while you shop, but criminals look for easy targets or opportunities. If you're walking through the mall parking lot, a parking garage, or alone, in general, you're a pretty easy target. If you're walking in these same areas with a weapon in your hand, the criminal is going to find someone else. Nobody wants a huge scene when they're trying to rob, attack or rape you.

Even so, Fredericks is one of numerous analysts and experts with ties to law enforcement agencies whose commentary has helped drive a political appetite for technologies like body cameras that aim to provide solutions without changing a police culture that relies on use of force. For its recent investigation into deadly traffic stops, the New York Times turned to Fredericks to comment on what drives police to kill. On his company’s homepage, a quote from Fredericks proclaims: “Video analysis is the new DNA for law enforcement. It is the next generation of investigation.”

Stun guns do not rely on high amperage for results. They are designed to key into the nervous system, interrupting tiny neurological impulses that travel through the whole body as well as instantly burning blood sugar by converting it to lactic acid similar to that of extremely vigorous exercise.

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“Transparency shouldn’t come at a high price,” reads an advertisement for Motorola’s pay-as-you-go police body cameras. “In a world full of cellphones and connected video devices, sometimes the only reliable witness to an incident is one you carry with you each day.”

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If traveling, be sure to pack your device in your checked luggage, not in your carry-on bag. There is a good chance that it would be confiscated if it were to be found in the carry-on bag. These devices are not allowed in airport terminal areas either. Also, you should never have these items with you in any government building, as they will more than likely be confiscated.

“We’re interested in things that feel preventative, like pulling back on the investment in military equipment in police departments,” Roberts said. Color of Change didn’t take a position last year on the Floyd bill, which would have increased funding for law enforcement agencies. Several civil rights groups, including the Movement for Black Lives and Essie Justice Group, crafted an alternative bill called the BREATHE Act, which would have divested funds from federal law enforcement agencies.

A stun gun is an excellent, safe device that can be used in situations where an immediate safety situation requires quick action in order to neutralize an attacker. This device is perfect for such a situation.

One to two seconds can cause muscle spasms and a dazed mental state. Over three seconds can cause loss of balance and muscle control, mental confusion, and disorientation. Realize that 3 seconds is quite a long time when in a physical struggle.

Ok, your fear of stun guns is gone, and you've chosen the perfect model for you or your loved one. How are you going to defend yourself if you are attacked?

According to their disclosures, both Motorola and Axon lobbied Congress on police reform issues in the fall. Last quarter, while Axon lobbied on appropriations for body cameras, “less-lethal” technologies, and issues related to police reform in next year’s federal budget, Motorola lobbied on facial recognition legislation that would limit how people’s data is collected and shared without their consent. Axon says it has committed to not using facial recognition technology in its products, citing ethical concerns, but Motorola offers the technology in several of its lines.

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Seven years earlier, Fredericks’s video expertise helped defend the Cleveland police officer who shot and killed 12-year-old Tamir Rice. The boy had been playing in a park with a toy gun, and video evidence of him holding it got officers off the hook for federal charges in his killing.

Numerous city councils across the country approved additional police funding for body cameras last year, as was the case several years ago after protest movements in Ferguson, Missouri. And increased investment in police technologies can provide a boon not only for body camera companies like Axon and Motorola, but also for software, artificial intelligence, and other companies that provide technologies like cloud storage and facial recognition.

In general, a contact of one-half of a second will repel and startle the intruder. One to two seconds results in a dazed mental situation. Three seconds can cause loss of muscle control, loss of balance, and disorientation. The energy passing to the attacker will not affect the person who is holding the stun gun. Even if the attacker were to touch the person giving the stun, there would be no effect on the person holding the unit.

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Last month, Fredericks was in the spotlight yet again when he and his company weighed in on a dispute over techniques prosecutors used to enhance video footage in the trial of Kyle Rittenhouse, who shot three demonstrators, killing two and injuring another, during last year’s protests in Kenosha, Wisconsin, after police there shot Jacob Blake. “If a video is not reproduced accurately, one juror might interpret it incorrectly or might see something that they consider to be really clear,” Fredericks told The Associated Press. “My duty as an expert is to make sure everything I’m showing is reliable.” John R. Black, an expert witness for Rittenhouse’s defense team, used iNPUT-ACE to present video evidence during the trial.

This device was actually intended as an air safety device that Marshals could use to subdue a criminal while in mid-flight. Since then, the TASER device has become one of the most popular self defense items in the world, simply because it is non-lethal, effective, affordable, and easy to use. Read our post on the History of Stun Guns.

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And that is completely understood because electricity can kill you. So, first things first...the electricity from one of these cannot kill you. It will hurt really bad, but it is not lethal. Even the ones that claim to be millions of volts won't kill you. It's the amperage, not the voltage, that can kill you, and stun guns use less than 5 milliamps.

Most of the states allow these devices to be used in their jurisdiction, but some states restrict their use. The states of RI, MI, CT, and HI are states where these items are restricted. Before purchasing it would be a good idea to investigate whether or not there are any restrictions in the area in which you live. Your local police department would be a good place to receive information like this.

The first stun gun was actually a stun glove and used an electric current that ran up a tube into a glove. This device was originally invented in the 1930s but never really caught on. It wasn’t until the 1970s that the stun gun really got rolling when the TASER device was invented.

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Axon acquired what was then its largest competitor in 2018, becoming the main supplier of cameras to police departments in New York City, Phoenix, and Miami. Though the Federal Exchange Commission challenged the acquisition last year — in a case that’s still pending — Axon’s most formidable rising competitor is Motorola, which in 2019 acquired two companies that make body cameras in the U.S. and in Europe. The company recently announced contracts in Tennessee, Illinois, France, and the United Kingdom. Its fastest growing sectors are video and security analytics, which brought in $927 million in revenue last year.

The attacker's neuromuscular system is overwhelmed and controlled by the EID, disorientation and loss of balance occur, and direct voluntary muscle movement is lost. Should you make contact with the body of the attacker, no current will pass through your system.

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Some police agencies have mandatory recording or reporting policies, but others don’t. Those factors make it difficult to quantify how effective the technology is overall. According to Seth Stoughton, an associate professor at the University of South Carolina School of Law who studies the effectiveness of body cameras, “It was always unrealistic to expect a piece of equipment to change, fundamentally, police culture.”

Although there is no significant effect on the perpetrator's heart and other organs, you have the time you need to get away and get help.

Most models are small enough to be carried in a purse or fit in the pocket of a jacket or pants. Many models will include a belt with a clip or holster so the stun gun can be worn at the waist.

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The cattle prod was the first useful product that followed this line of thought, and it also helped develop more efficient methods of delivering an electric shock that was non-fatal. Ranchers are still using cattle prods to this day.

While some recent studies have shown that body cameras can help decrease incidents of police use of force, others say that they have little to no impact. A 2019 review of 70 available studies on the impacts of body-worn cameras on police behavior found that though “officers and citizens are generally supportive of BWC use, BWCs have not had statistically significant or consistent effects on most measures of officer and citizen behavior or citizens’ views of police.”

A stun gun is a self-defense item that can be used to stop another person who is attacking you. It uses high-voltage energy to quickly immobilize the attacking person. It is designed to transfer the energy into the muscles of the person at a high pulse rate which causes the muscles to work at a very rapid pace, but on a very inefficient basis. This process makes it extremely difficult for the attacker to function at all regarding moving or attacking. The attacker will be disoriented and confused for a time but will not have any harm come to him concerning his vital organs.

Forensic Video Solutions, Fredericks’s video consultancy company, enhanced the footage for a highly criticized expert report prosecutors submitted in the case, which concluded without criminal charges against the officer. Rice’s mother said prosecutors “deliberately sabotaged” the case and acted in defense of police. Judges, prosecutors, and other experts have debunked Fredericks’s testimony in several high-profile police cases and accused him of prosecutorial misconduct, lying, and not disclosing his business relationships with Taser or Axon. Fredericks did not respond to a request for comment.

“Video is data intensive,” Fredericks wrote in a September article for Police Chief magazine. “Police agencies expect to produce more visual data than any other form of computer information, so much information that outsourcing storage and management to a third party is often the only viable and cost-effective strategy for agencies currently drowning in video data. For example, Axon, one provider of cloud-based storage solutions, reports it is managing and storing more than 120,000 TB of video data from 14,000 police agencies.” The magazine did not disclose Fredericks’s ties to Axon.

But for industry skeptics, at issue is whether policy changes that continue to add money to police budgets for such technologies can decrease police use of force — or change policing at all. Body cameras “don’t produce accountability or transparency,” said Scott Roberts, senior director of criminal justice campaigns at Color of Change, namely because they don’t reduce the number of civilian interactions with police. “What [such technology] has produced is a ton of investment, more and more money being spent on police departments.”

Demonstrators gather at police headquarters in downtown Kansas City, Mo., on June 5, 2020, to protest the death of George Floyd.

Body cameras have often been considered by Democrats and media commentators as a potential mitigator to police violence. In the wake of Floyd’s murder, Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey announced new standards for body camera usage, saying, “In instances when an officer faces charges and a potential conviction, a clear understanding of what the officer perceived is an essential factor.” In a YouTube interview last year, forensic video analyst Grant Fredericks said that he had “been swamped since George Floyd and the Black Lives Matter movement.” On Capitol Hill, Democrats introduced the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act, a federal police reform package that they promised — and failed — to pass by the 2021 anniversary of Floyd’s death. The bill included a provision requiring all federal officers to wear body cameras, which House Speaker Nancy Pelosi highlighted among other measures that made it “different from other bills that are around.”

Axon already had contracts with the police departments responsible for arguably the two highest-profile police killings of 2020. In addition to Minneapolis, the Louisville, Kentucky, police department has had a contract to use Axon cameras since 2015. But Louisville police shot and killed at least 19 people between 2015 and 2020, and before they killed Breonna Taylor, no officer had been charged in a deadly shooting case since 2004, according to the Kentucky Center for Investigative Reporting. Louisville’s mayor said that the cops who killed Taylor weren’t wearing cameras at the time or they did not turn them on.

Earning more than $680 million in revenue last year, Axon currently dominates the domestic body camera market. Its main competitor is Motorola, which claims to sell more affordable cameras that fit more securely to uniforms and can upload video automatically to systems that manage police evidence. The two companies are angling for control of the lucrative police-worn body camera market, which has nearly doubled in the past five years and is projected to keep growing. The cameras are a favorite tool of legislators who want to respond to police violence but don’t support proposals to reduce police presence, and their enthusiasm helped the global industry balloon to $1.2 billion in 2020, with projected growth to $7 billion by 2026.

This causes disorientation and loss of balance and leaves the attacker in a passive and confused condition for several minutes.

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The companies have a public-facing ally in Fredericks, a former police officer who has business ties to Axon but supports the industry as a whole through his media spots. Fredericks owns the video consultancy company Forensic Video Solutions, where his son, Andrew, also works; he is also the senior adviser of the forensic software company iNPUT-ACE, which last year partnered with Axon to sell body camera video conversion and cloud hosting services. (Andrew is iNPUT-ACE’s CEO.) A top field trainer with the FBI, Fredericks has been cited as an expert in mainstream news outlets like CNN, MSNBC, and the New York Times and has testified as an expert witness more than 150 times, including on behalf of — and sometimes against — officers in police misconduct cases. News outlets that bring him on as an expert have not disclosed his ties to Axon.

In summary, a stun gun uses a battery to store energy, which is then controlled and transformed into high-voltage bursts by the circuit board, transformer, and capacitor. These bursts are delivered through the electrodes to create an electric shock that incapacitates an attacker.

Axon and Motorola lobbied Congress to promote police tech in reform bills. Their devices may not change policing — yet business is booming.

If you had a fear of these devices before reading this, then you shouldn't any longer. Also, if you're looking to purchase one for defensive purposes, I would keep that little tip to myself. You can let others fear your personal protector. Read up on Stun Gun Myths.

When an EID is combined with the use of Pepper Spray, it is recommended that a non-flammable EID-compatible spray is used, such as Pepper Shot or Wildfire Brands.

Surprisingly, stun guns, or at least a primitive type thereof, have been around since the 1700s. A Leyden jar was used to store electrical charge from static buildup.

You will not be affected even if you are holding your attacker with another hand or he is holding you! The extreme shock does not pass between people.

Lesson Two: if you are attacked, pick a large muscle group to stun. The chest, the stomach, obviously the groin, the thighs, and the back are ideal places to stun an attacker. These large muscle groups will bring down an attacker very quickly. Now, you don't have all day to make a decision, so if the face or neck is the closest body part you can reach, well, then it's just not his lucky day. Also, the longer you hold it on someone, the longer and more effective the stunning will be. One to two seconds will get their attention. Three to five seconds will get their attention, most likely dropping them to the ground and leaving them confused.

“Body cameras were sold as a solution to police violence, as a solution to systemic racism within policing,” said Roberts, of Color of Change. “And it was never a real solution. It’s a symptom of a larger trend, which is pursuit of profit in these kinds of technological interventions that are supposed to resolve what are really deeply-seated issues in our justice system,” like risk assessments for bail or electronic monitoring.

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Your next decision in owning one is which model to purchase. There are many different sizes, styles, colors, and voltages available. The answer is: whichever one fits you the best. You may want a smaller one because you have small hands. You may want a larger one, such as a stun baton, because you work security at a nightclub. A cell phone or lipstick is perfect if you want to conceal the device. Any voltage is enough to bring someone down when used in the right areas.

As a general rule, a one-half-second contact will repel and startle the attacker, causing some pain and muscle contraction. If he lets go, take off and get out of there.

In order to use a unit on an attacker, it must be held against the body of the attacker. The electrodes should be held against a part of the body that will not move much, like a shoulder or upper hip, rather than a hand or arm, which can quickly move out of the way. It should be held against the attacker continuously for a few seconds. More time holding the gun against the attacker is required if a person is larger.

You will not be shocked if your attacker is touching you. Even if you or the attacker are wet or standing in water, you will not get shocked. The effect is localized only to where contact is made.

I hope this article was helpful to you, and be sure to pass it on to others. The more people we can empower, then maybe the safer our world will become.

“There has been strong bipartisan support for body-worn cameras for almost a decade in addition to strong public support,” an Axon spokesperson said in a statement to The Intercept. “While body cameras are not a panacea and cannot take the place of good policies, training, and community policing efforts, they do play a critical role in the future of policing.” Motorola did not respond to a request for comment.

The stun gun usually has a very high voltage, but the amperage is very low so as not to cause permanent injury, although the process can be very painful for the attacker. The person receiving the voltage can be disabled for up to 30 minutes.