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EKSMA Optics offers variable attenuators for linearly polarized laser beams with high performance optics. They are available for Nd host laser applications in the 1040–1070 nm range and for femtosecond applications with broadband Ti:sapphire and Yb:KGW/KYW laser pulses. Manual and motorized versions available, highly customizable and designed for use in laboratory settings. Compact motorized laser power attenuators provide stable and reliable performance even in high power lasers for industrial applications.

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With Power over Ethernet (PoE) technology, a single connection may carry both data and power. When used with a switch, PoE IP cameras can capture video and ...

To avoid ambiguity, it is better to use the term absorbance, as far as absorption is the used attenuation mechanism. However, attenuation may also be achieved with reflection or scattering.

LASEROPTIK can provide coatings for variable optical attenuators. One can change the transmission by tilting an edge filter, with highest transmission at normal incidence and typical operation for angles of incidence between 0° and 45°.

Its first experimental application was in image sensor technology, where a depleted MOS detector was utilized as a photodetector. In CCDs for capturing images, an image is projected through a lens onto a capacitor region, a photoactive area consisting of an epitaxial layer of silicon. This causes each capacitor to accumulate an electric charge proportional to the light intensity at that location.

For example, an optical density of 3 means that the optical power is attenuated by the factor 103 = 1000. That would correspond to an attenuation by 30 decibels.

Optical densities depend on the optical wavelength, although that dependence may be weak, e.g. in neutral density filters.

Taylor-Smith, Kerry. "What are CCD-Based Crystallography Detectors?". AZoSensors. 24 November 2024. .

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The CM-200 Gas Sensor Development Kit is a PCB developed to help customers go from concept to product as quickly as possible.

Their aim was to transfer charge along the surface of the semiconductor from one storage capacitor to the next. They were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2009 for this work and are among numerous Nobel Laureates from Bell Labs.

A transparent medium is sometimes said to have a high optical density (or to be relatively dense) if it has a high refractive index. For example, one may say that total internal reflection is possible only if the beam comes from the optically more dense medium. That use of the term has nothing to do with attenuation.

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Comments Section ... Light can be absorbed when there is a difference in electron energy levels equal to the photon energy. Molecules can have ...

For x-ray crystallography, the performance of CCD-based detectors is demonstrated using an expression that describes both the detector and the experiment. The detectors consist of an array of identical modules, each of which contains a phosphor X-ray-to-light convertor, a fiberoptic taper (normally used to maximize detector sensitivity and readout speed), and a CCD.

In this interview, Matt Styf and Kyle Rudge from Sensata Technologies discuss the latest innovations in battery management systems, fast disconnect devices, and emerging trends in the electrification and automotive industries.

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A lens focal length that's greater than 50mm is considered a long focal length. This view is narrower than the normal view we're accustomed to when paying bare ...

These photoactive regions are based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structure, with MOS capacitors being the most basic of building blocks. Each of these capacitors acts as a photodiode, which in turn behaves as a pixel.  These p-doped metal MOS capacitors are biased above the threshold for inversion when image capture occurs. This allows for the conversion of incoming photons into electrons at the semi-conductor-oxide interface. The CCD is then used to read out these charges.

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Norland Optical Adhesive 68 (NOA68) is a clear, colourless, liquid photopolymer that will cure when exposed to ultraviolet light.

Optogama designs and manufactures motorized laser power attenuators (LPA) for laser power control. LPA are available for use in the UV, visible, and NIR spectral ranges from 250 nm to 2000 nm. These devices feature a large clear aperture dedicated for considerable size beam applications. All optical elements of these laser power attenuators are made for high LIDT and provide a stable and reliable performance even when using them with high power lasers in industrial applications.

These additional expressions provide a way to include experimental constraints in the design of the detector, such as requirements to integrate Bragg peaks to maximum precision, and efficiently collect data to high resolution.  CCD detectors have become routine tools for X-ray diffraction structure determinations, they are increasingly available in X-ray laboratories and are also more often applied in high-pressure studies.

The performance is categorized by the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) and dynamic range (DR), and by four additional expressions: the detective collective efficiency (DCE); experimental detective quantum efficiency (XDQE); experimental detective collection efficiency (XDCE); and experimental dynamic range (XDR).

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To get these curves, the user specifies a certain spatial frequency that's commonly half to three fourths of the maximum. Then the user has the lens design ...

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A CCD is a charge-coupled device; it’s essentially an integrated circuit imprinted onto a silicon surface forming light-sensitive elements called pixels. They can digitally capture photons to generate an image of a sample and are basically doped silicon wafers, stamped with photoactive regions to capture photons.

by R Paschotta · Cited by 3 — Again, the focal length is the distance between principal plane and focal plane. Similarly, one can define the back focal plane (or second focal plane) and back ...

Taylor-Smith, Kerry. 2020. What are CCD-Based Crystallography Detectors?. AZoSensors, viewed 24 November 2024, https://www.azosensors.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1898.

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Germanium Lenses · Germanium lenses are optical lenses fabricated from germanium (Ge) primarily due to its unique optical properties — particularly its high ...

Charge-coupled devices (CCD) represent a major technology for digital imaging and has applications in astrophotography, spectrometers, and interferometers. The technique allows for light detection and is widely used in image sensing in professional, medical, and scientific applications where high-quality image data is necessary, such as digital cameras and active pixel sensors. CCD-based detectors allow scientists to record the best possible data under a given set of experimental conditions.

CCDs move electrical charge by ‘shifting’ the signal between stages within the device, one at a time. Charge is shifted between capacitive ‘bins’ in the device, to where the charge can be manipulated by converting it into a digital value, for example.

The technique might be used for high-resolution data collection, difference Fourier analysis of enzyme complexes, solution of new structures using multiple isomorphous replacements and multiple-wavelength anomalous-diffraction phasing experiments.

Microscopes are an excellent tool for welders or collectors. The microscopes are perfect for gemologists, manufacturing engineers, dental lab technicians, and ...

Optical density may mean the absolute value of the logarithm with base 10 of the power transmission factor of an optical attenuator (e.g. as used for a laser safety glass):

Taylor-Smith, Kerry. "What are CCD-Based Crystallography Detectors?". AZoSensors. https://www.azosensors.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1898. (accessed November 24, 2024).

Further, we have many interesting case studies on the same page, with topics mostly in fiber optics. Concrete examples cases, investigated quantatively, often give you much more insight!

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Taylor-Smith, Kerry. (2020, February 17). What are CCD-Based Crystallography Detectors?. AZoSensors. Retrieved on November 24, 2024 from https://www.azosensors.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1898.

A transmission region – technically the CCD – is made out of the shift register; once the array is exposed to an image, the control circuit causes each capacitor to transfer its contents to its neighbor (operating as a shift register). The last capacitor in the array offloads its charge into a charge amplifier, which converts this into a voltage.

RT-HR-2M-110: 2.000x telecentric lens for detectors up to 2/3″, WD 110.0 mm.

CCD image sensors became dominant, primarily because they deliver much more superior images with the fabrication technology available. CCD-based detectors are better than film and storage phosphor imaging plates in terms of performance and convenience. They can also collect data much quicker than other methods and offer a faster read-out. Other advantages include lower noise and higher efficiency; improved point spread function; negligible spatial distortion; and simpler engineering.

In this interview, AZoSensors speaks to Merit Sensor's Rick E. Russel about the critical role MEMS pressure sensors will play in water conservation efforts.

Charge-coupled device

In general, CCD detectors allow the user to examine the acquired diffraction image within seconds of recording the exposure. A typical CCD-based X-ray detector has a thin phosphor screen, which converts X-rays to visible light. It is coupled via lenses, image intensifiers and/or fiber optics to a CCD which records the light signal. There are several configurations of these basic components, the differences in which distinguish different CCD-based detectors.

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Crystallography is an experimental science that determines the arrangement of atoms in crystalline solids; x-ray crystallography, for example, resolves the structure of large biomolecules like proteins. The method depends on the analysis of diffraction patterns of a sample targeted by a beam, be it X-ray, electrons or neutrons (the latter being known as electron or neutron diffraction).

CCDarray detector

MOS technology was developed by Mohamed M Atalla and Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs in 1959. By the late 1960s, Willard Boyle and George E Smith, also of Bell Labs, realized CCD by creating a series of MOS capacitors in a row and stepped the voltage along one by one.

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If several attenuators are used in series, their optical densities can simply be added. That is the key advantage of using such a logarithmic quantity.

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In this interview, Beontag CEO discusses RFID's role in IoT, enhancing supply chain efficiency, sustainability, and data security for diverse industries.

Kerry has been a freelance writer, editor, and proofreader since 2016, specializing in science and health-related subjects. She has a degree in Natural Sciences at the University of Bath and is based in the UK.

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