Most laser accidents occur during alignment procedures because the beam needs to be visible for this process. If you have never aligned a laser, you should practice the process with a low power laser until you feel confident that you can perform the process safely. Below are tips to make the alignment procedure safer:

The light emitted by a laser can range from the UV (100 to 400 nm), through the visible (400 to 700 nm) to the infrared (700 nm to 1mm). Laser light can be coherent (in phase), and collimated (directional), meaning that it does not spread out as does the light of a flashlight. For those reasons, laser light maintains its high intensity over a long distance.

In case of a laser accident, make sure the shutter is closed or the laser is de-energized. If an eye injury is suspected, have the injured person keep their head upright and still to restrict bleeding in the eye. Help the victim seek medical attention. Notify your supervisor and DRS of the accident.

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The field of view (FOV) is an important consideration in embedded vision systems because it affects the camera’s ability to capture images of a certain area. A wider FOV allows the camera to capture more of the scene in front of it, which is useful in applications where a larger area needs to be monitored such as in surveillance or traffic monitoring systems. A narrower FOV captures less of the scene but with more detail, which is useful in applications where a specific object or area needs to be closely monitored such as in machine vision systems for quality control or inspection.

The field of view (FOV) in an embedded camera refers to the max area at which the camera can capture images. It is typically measured in degrees and can vary depending on the lens used in the camera. In Generally, the field of view of a camera will be measured by horizontally, vertically or diagonally, and for a sensor, the FOV is more often than not a diagonal field of view angle measurement, which is often referred to as DFOV or diagonal FOV. and the image sensor aspect ratio changes directly affect the horizontal FOV (HFOV) and vertical FOV (VFOV).

To keep people from unknowingly entering a laser area while the laser is on, a warning mechanism must be implemented. If the room is not equipped with a light on the outside, make a flip-sign or get a battery operated light and place it at the entrance to the laser area. Make sure to activate the warning mechanism before turning on the laser and to deactivate it when it is safe to enter. A permanent sign saying that the laser is on is NOT an adequate warning mechanism because it will be ignored.

Embedded vision systems are becoming increasingly prevalent in today’s technology landscape and the selection of the right camera is crucial to the success of these systems. One of the most important factors to consider when selecting a camera is the Field of View (FOV). In this article, we will explore the concept of FOV and its relevance in modern-day embedded vision applications.

Robotics and autonomous systems: In the field of automation and robotics, the FOV is crucial for navigation and obstacle detection. For example, in autonomous vehicles, the FOV is important for identifying other vehicles, pedestrians and objects. In autonomous robots, the FOV is important for grasping and manipulating objects.

The working distance of a camera refers to the distance between the camera lens and the object being captured. Working distance is associated with field of view (FOV) of the camera because it has a direct impact on the angle-of-view and the size of the object being captured.

Proper care of laser safety eyewear will prolong the life of the eyewear and keep personnel protected.  Use a lens cleaning solution and cloth that are safe to use with the filters to remove dirt, oil, and dust without scratching, delaminating or damaging dielectric coatings.  Store eyewear in a hard or soft case to prevent scratches.

The eye is composed of structures that absorb light of different wavelengths. The cornea and lens absorb wavelengths in the UV region between 100 and 400 nm and in the infrared between 1400 nm to 1 mm. Exposure to laser light of these wavelengths can cause injury to the cornea or lens.

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Unless the beam is fully enclosed and the system is interlocked, an authorized user must be present or the room kept locked during laser operations.

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Selecting the right field of view (FOV) for an embedded vision system is crucial to the success of the system. Following are some of the key considerations while selecting the FOV for your embedded vision application:

The sensor size of a camera is directly related to the field of view (FOV) of the camera. The sensor size refers to the physical dimensions of the image sensor in a camera and it can have a significant impact on the FOV.A larger sensor size allows for a wider FOV. This is because a larger sensor can capture more of the scene in front of the camera, which results in a wider angle of view. A smaller sensor size, on the other hand, will result in a narrower FOV. This is because a smaller sensor can capture less of the scene in front of the camera which results in a narrower angle of view.

Machine vision systems for quality control and inspection: In these applications, a narrower FOV may be desirable as it allows the camera to capture more detailed images of a specific object or area. This is useful for inspecting products for defects or monitoring production processes for quality control.

4.Consider lens focal length: The focal length of the lens also affects the FOV. A shorter focal length results in a wider FOV, while a longer focal length results in a narrower FOV.

The focal length of a camera lens is directly related to the field of view (FOV) of the camera. The focal length refers to the distance between the lens and the image sensor when the lens is focused on an object at infinity. A shorter focal length will result in a wider FOV, while a longer focal length will result in a narrower FOV.

Skin injuries can be caused by powerful lasers at any wavelength. Focused beams can evaporate tissue and result in third degree burns. In the UV region (< 400 nm) even low level exposures from scattered radiation can cause erythema (sunburn), skin cancer, or accelerated skin aging.  The most damaging region of ultraviolet is 280 - 315 nm, also known as UV-B.

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The field of view (FOV) is an important consideration for designing embedded vision systems. It affects the camera’s ability to capture images of a certain area and the resolution of the captured image, which directly impacts the performance of the vision algorithm. The FOV is determined by various factors such as lens focal length, sensor size, image aspect ratio and working distance. It is important to consider all these factors together when selecting a camera for an embedded vision system. By understanding the concept of FOV and its relevance in embedded vision applications, we can select the right camera to achieve the desired results.

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In summary, selecting the right FOV for an embedded vision system involves assessing the coverage area, distance to the object, balancing FOV and resolution, considering lens focal length and testing different FOVs. By considering all these factors, you can select the right FOV for your embedded vision application.

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Light in the visible (400 to 700 nm) and near-infrared (700 to 1400 nm) is of greatest concern because it is focused in the eyeball 100,000 fold to a very small spot on the retina. For example, a collimated beam with an irradiance of 1 mW/cm2 entering the eye will expose the retina to 100 W/cm2. Exposure to a laser beam in this wavelength region can cause permanent damage to the retina. Depending on the location and extent of injury, it can be barely noticeable or lead to a severe loss of vision.

Augmented and virtual reality: The FOV in these applications is important for creating an immersive experience. In AR, it is important to match the FOV of the virtual objects with the real world objects. In VR, a wider FOV is desirable to create an immersive experience.

Inspect the eyewear before using it to ensure there are no scratches, holes, cracks, pits, discolorations or other damage that would decrease the intended safety level.  Illinois regulations require that eyewear be checked every six month and that the inspection be documented. If eyewear is found to be unacceptable remove it from service and obtain a new pair.

Only a knowledgeable person who has been specifically authorized by the PI to perform such work should perform maintenance, servicing, or repair of a laser.  When such work involves accessing an embedded laser of a higher class, the controls appropriate to the higher class must be applied.

Focal length, image sensor format, lens optical format, image circle and Field of View are explained to show you how cameras work and how to choose a lens.

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For class 3b and 4 lasers, measures must be implemented to control the beam and prevent unwanted reflections and scattering. In general, the more the beam is enclosed, the safer the set-up. Use the following measures to control the beam:

5.Comparing different FOVs: It is also important to test different FOVs to determine which one works best for your embedded application. This can be done by capturing images with different FOVs and comparing the results.

Laser eyewear must be worn within the Nominal Hazard Zone (NHZ). The NHZ is the space where the laser radiation exceeds the maximum permissible exposure. Unless the beam is fully enclosed, the NHZ for class 3b and 4 lasers encompasses usually the entire laser area, i.e. the area behind the laser barriers and curtains.

Many laser systems have interlocked protective housings which prevent access to high-voltage components or laser radiation levels higher than those accessible through the aperture.  These interlocks must not be bypassed before obtaining adequate training and authorization of the Principal Investigator (PI).  Additional control measures must be implemented that take into account the higher radiation levels, the potential of additional wavelengths, and high voltage while the interlock is bypassed.

FOVcamera

3.Balancing FOV and resolution: The FOV and image resolution are directly related. A wider FOV results in a lower resolution image, while a narrower FOV results in a higher resolution image. Therefore, it is important to balance the FOV and resolution requirements to achieve the desired results.

Additionally, the FOV also affects the resolution of the captured image. A wider FOV will result in a lower resolution image because the camera lens captures a larger area. A narrower FOV will result in a higher resolution image because the camera lens captures a smaller area with more detail. This is important to consider when designing embedded vision systems as the resolution of the captured image will affect the accuracy and performance of the vision algorithms being used.

FOV is one of the most important factors while selecting a camera for embedded vision applications. The impact of FOV on some of the major embedded vision applications is described as following:Surveillance and traffic monitoring systems: In these applications, a wider FOV is typically desirable as it allows the camera to capture a larger area, such as an intersection or a parking lot. This allows the system to monitor a greater area and detect any potential threats or incidents.

A shorter working distance will result in a wider FOV and a larger object in the image. This is because the camera lens is closer to the object allowing it to capture more of the scene in front of it. A longer working distance, on the other hand, will result in a narrower FOV and a smaller object in the image. This is because the camera lens is farther away from the object allowing it to capture less of the scene in front of it.The working distance also affects the resolution of the captured image. A shorter working distance allows the camera to capture more detailed images of the object, while a longer working distance captures less detailed images.

In practice, a shorter focal length is generally preferred for applications that require a wider FOV. A longer focal length may be preferred for applications that require a narrower FOV. However, the selection of the focal length also depends on the other factors such as the sensor size, image aspect ratio and the distance to the object.

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1.Determine the coverage area: The first step in selecting the right FOV is to determine the coverage area. This means identifying the specific area or object that needs to be monitored or inspected.

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A shorter focal length allows the lens to take in more of the scene in front of the camera resulting in a wider angle of view. This is why shorter focal lengths are often referred to as wide-angle lenses. Conversely, a longer focal length allows the lens to take in less of the scene resulting in a narrower angle of view. This is why longer focal lengths are often referred to as telephoto lenses.

Rooms in which class 3b and 4 lasers are operated must have a warning sign on the door. DRS provides such signs for registered lasers. It is therefore important to keep the laser inventory current.

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High powered laser beams of class 4, in particular infrared lasers can ignite combustible material (e.g. card board, curtains).

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Additionally, the sensor size also affects the image resolution. A larger sensor can capture more light and therefore, produce higher resolution images. A smaller sensor, on the other hand, will capture less light and produce lower resolution images.

Division of Research Safety 102 Environmental Health and Safety Building101 South Gregory Street, MC-225 (217) 333-2755 drs@illinois.edu

2.Assess the distance to the object: The distance to the object also plays a key role in determining the right FOV. The closer the object, the narrower the FOV required, and vice versa.

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Laser eyewear must be designed for the specific wavelength of the laser and have sufficient optical density (OD) for the power of the laser. Optical density is given in a whole number that describes the factor of attenuation in powers of ten. For example, an OD of 3 attenuates the intensity by a factor of 1000. Wavelength and OD must be printed on the eyewear.