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As the USB standard has developed over time, it’s seen improvements in terms of speed and power, making it much quicker to run and charge USB devices and transfer data.

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Launched in 2008, USB 3.0 improved significantly on its predecessor USB 2.0 by introducing SuperSpeed, a new data transfer rate that increased processing speeds more than tenfold, from 480 Mbit/s to 5 Gbit/s.

One of the most user-friendly aspects of USB is that its primary shape—the classic rectangle (Type-A) —is physically compatible with all earlier versions. This means USB Type-A plugs in versions 3.0, 3.1 or 3.2 will fit into old USB 2.0 ports and vice versa.

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Here the confusion arose, as USB’s creators called its new version USB 3.1 Gen 2 (second generation), while giving USB 3.0 the new name of USB 3.1 Gen 1 (first generation).

By the time version 3.0 came along, USB was well established as the industry standard. In 2013 came USB 3.1, which doubled speeds to 10 Gbit/s—known as SuperSpeed+—when using USB Type A and USB-C connectors. (Read more on the different types of USB connector here.)

Anything with a version number (e.g. 2.0 or 3.0) is a standard—the technology that allows data to be transferred along a cable from one device to another.

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Yet despite being built into some of the latest hardware (newer MacBooks, for example), USB 3.1 wasn’t very widely adopted. The smartphones and other devices many people use today tend to feature USB 3.0 or earlier versions.

So, if you plug a USB 3.0 flash drive into a USB 2.0 port, it would only run as quickly as the USB 2.0 port can transfer data and vice versa.

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However, where USB Type-C differs is that it’s been created purposely to take advantage of the new USB 3.1 standard. So rather than the version determining the speed and power at which data can be transferred, with USB-C it’s the connector itself.

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Because USB 3.2 is still in development, it’s unlikely to be widely adopted until the industry has made its hardware fully compatible.

A USB 2.0 cable has four wires inside it—a USB 3.0 cable has eight—and so will only transfer data at USB 2.0 speed. All components in the chain—the two devices and the cable—must be USB 3.0 to achieve that later version’s high speeds.

You can plug a USB 2.0 device into a USB 3.0 port and it will always work, but it will only run at the speed of the USB 2.0 technology.

Released in September 2017, USB 3.2 allows compatible devices to take advantage of the SuperSpeed (5 Gbit/s) or SuperSpeed+ (10 Gbit/s) transfer rates. However, this latest version also introduced a new SuperSpeed+ mode (20 Gbit/s) that comes into play when using a USB-C connector and the very latest models of devices.