Deep optics

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Knowing the Field Of View (FOV) may be important for what you want to do.  If it's birdwatching, a wide field of view will make it easier to track moving birds.  If it's sub-500-yard hunting, standard rifle scope FOVs will work just fine.

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Sometimes, you'll see FOV provided in angular degrees.  A rangefinder may have an angular FOV of 6.0°.  The higher the angle, the wider the field of view, and the angular FOV remains the same at any given distance.  To calculate angular to linear FOV is easy.  Multiply the angle by 52.5 to get the linear feet FOV.

For example, the rangefinder with 6.0° FOV x 52.5 equals 315 feet at 1000 yards.  This is because one angle degree is equal to 52.5 feet.

The rule is simple.  Increase magnification, decrease field of view.  When you crank up the power on your scope, you're going to see less of an area as you get more specific detail on your target or scene.

As there are many structural and design elements that govern FOV, we'll just leave that to the manufacturer, but we can master the numbers, so we know what we're getting or what we're missing out on when buying a sport optic.

To generate a liquid lens, a mixture of two liquids is sandwiched between two pieces of clear plastics or glass. The second liquid needs to encapsulate the water drop and to fill any free space or void. It is well known that water and oil do not mix, and oil is also inexpensive and safe to use. Therefore, oil is chosen to be used as the other liquid mixture for the liquid lens system.

Shanghai Optics provides high-precision off-axis parabolic (OAP) mirrors designed for advanced optical systems, offering superior reflective solutions for applications requiring precise light collimation and focus.

The surface profiles of the liquids determine the focal length of the liquid lens system, and ultimately, how the liquid lens focuses light. In other words, by altering the surface profile of the liquids, the focal length can be adjusted. This is done by changing the shape and size of the drop of water within the liquid lens.

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Field of view (FOV) is the measured area of the scene you can see when looking through your optic.  It is determined by multiple components in the optic that includes the eyepiece, thickness of the lenses, position in its assembly, and magnification.

Can you be sure what scopes have tunneling issues before you buy?  No manufacturer I'm aware of advertises tunneling as a feature, benefit, or advantage.

Just happened on to your FOV explanation. Simple and clear but I think you made a typo, one degree angle at 1000 yards will be 62.5 ft linearly, not 52.5. You had me scratching my head for a second (of time, not angle).

While some scopes tend to have this issue at lower magnifications, it can happen across the entire magnification range, and some power levels may be worse than others.

FOV is provided by manufacturers in multiple measurements.  Binoculars, rangefinders, and spotting scopes tend to measure FOV in feet at 1000 yards.  Rifle scopes provide FOV in feet at 100 yards.

If a binocular says it has FOV of 341 feet at 1000 yards, it means you can see 341 feet of a scene from left to right when looking at 1000 yards.  Measurements in feet, meters, and yards are called the linear field of view.

Tunable lens

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For example, on a 5-20x rifle scope, the Field Of View (FOV) should be larger at 5x than it would be at 7x.  When you increase magnification, you lose FOV.  When you lower magnification, you increase field of view.  However, when experiencing tunneling, the FOV would stay exactly the same at 7x as it is at 5x.

This was a great article and you explained some phenomena with which I have occasionally been troubled but now understand better. Thanks much for the information!

Sometimes being too far out of the given eye relief distance might cause a shadowing or ring of vignetting around the entire edge of the FOV.  You will want to get your eyes within the eye box (within given eye relief specs) to ensure you have a clear and unobstructed Field Of View (FOV).

The buying process is a perfect example of doing some purposeful digging and research before you buy.  Reading the rifle scope reviews, checking in with the masses, and doing your homework will go a long way.

Figure 1. Philips FluidFocus lens. (A) Schematic cross section of the FluidFocus lens principle. (B) When a voltage is applied, charges accumulate in the glass wall electrode and opposite charges collect near the solid/liquid interface in the conducting liquid. The resulting electrostatic force lowers the solid/liquid interfacial tension and with that the contact angle and hence the focal distance of the lens. (C) to (E) Shapes of a 6-mm diameter lens taken at different applied voltages.

Philips Research has developed a unique variable-focus lens system that has no mechanical moving parts. Suited to a wide range of optical imaging applications, including such things as digital cameras, camera phones, endoscopes, home security systems and optical storage drives, Philips' FluidFocus system mimics the action of the human eye using a fluid lens that alters its focal length by changing its shape. The new lens, which lends itself to high volume manufacturing, overcomes the fixed-focus disadvantages of many of today's low-cost imaging systems.

We promised to give you the plain view of the field of view without any fancy fluff.  There you have it.  It was easy enough, right?

There was no gain or increase in FOV when dialing down in power from 7-5x.  This indicates that neither the magnification or FOV are directly proportional in this case.  The scope is no longer a true 5-20x scope, it's now a 7-20x scope.

The focus of a liquid lens is controlled by the surface of the liquid. Water forms naturally a bubble shape when adhered to materials such as glass or plastics. This desirable property makes water a very suitable candidate for the production of a liquid lens.

Other times, additional components have been added to an optics assembly to compensate for lens and coating defects and to minimize chromatic aberration and lens distortion.  However, these additional components in the optical path can cause tunneling.

Consumer electronics such as mobile phone cameras and small digital cameras are using liquid lens technology. Due to their low-cost and lightweight, and the ability for water to generate a lens which is flawless, this makes liquid lens a very attractive technology.

While we only use edited and approved content for Azthena answers, it may on occasions provide incorrect responses. Please confirm any data provided with the related suppliers or authors. We do not provide medical advice, if you search for medical information you must always consult a medical professional before acting on any information provided.

The MIRcat Mid-IR Laser provides high-speed, broad-spectrum capabilities with peak tuning velocities up to 30,000 cm1/s.

Ha! I appreciate the pun. I'm no math whizz, but there are other formulas by which to calculate FOV, but the most common one that I've found that provides a great approximate from degrees to linear feet is the 52.5 constant. Now why we use 52.5 - I'm not exactly sure. I've heard that it's because it's easier to remember than 52.36519478... maybe?

If you're too close or too far outside of the given eye relief distance, your view of the surroundings through your optic is going to be affected.  You may see the Field Of View (FOV) slightly blocked out or part of the FOV is "clipped."  This is called vignetting.

Optotune

These F-theta lenses by Avantier are designed for consistent spot size and uniform field curvature correction, ideal for high-resolution imaging applications.

Hi Greg. The FOV is determined by the magnification of an optic and other factors but not the objective lenses. Generally, larger objective lenses tend to be paired with higher magnification, and this usually results in a narrower FOV. However, it varies between manufacturers and even between models from the same manufacturer. Take for example Maven's 10x56 binos with a 341 FOV and their 10x30 with a 341 FOV. They're the same even though the objectives are significantly different in size. This example is not a rule by which to govern binocular FOV by. Changing the objective lens won't change the FOV as the FOV is proportional to the magnification. I hope that answers your question. Thanks!

7.4 x 52.5= 388.5 feet/1000 yards - off by .5, so it's a great approximate but using the 52.36519478 number would be exact.

Liquidcrystal lens

The theory behind liquid lens is based on the properties of one or more fluids to create magnifications within a small amount of space. Liquid lens can be considered as "infinitely variables" lens with variable focus, and the focus is controlled without using any moving parts.

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Tunneling is usually noticed and experienced with rifle scopes, although other zoom/variable power optics can have this malfunction.  Tunneling is when the field of view does not increase or decrease when you change magnification.

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When you dial back down to low magnification, the field of view will become wider as you see more of the surroundings in your view. Notice the change in field of view looking through my scope at 5x compared to 15x magnification:

Yes, almost every feature on an optic has to do with the mechanisms of another feature.  So, how does magnification affect field of view?