Physics Tutorial: Polarization - define polarizing
Fluorite or semi-apochromat objectives–These lenses are chromatically corrected for red and blue, and the green focus is also close. They are spherically corrected for blue and green. This objective is better suited for color viewing or recording than achromatic objectives.
Typesof microscopeobjectives
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What is thepurposeof the objectivelens inalightmicroscope
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Most security cameras have sensors which are sensitive to the IR wavelengths that are invisible to the human eye. This is why IR light (IR illuminators) are used to enhance security camera performance in low-light and at nightime. Since infrared is invisible it can be used without causing light pollution and/or covertly. Images a security camera captures using infrared light will be black & white, only full spectrum “white” light can produce color images. If both invisible IR surveillance and colored image capture are needed, AXTON Hybrid lights are a good option.
NOTE: If a 1/3” inch camera (6mm diagonal) is used on the 0.5X microscope adaptor you can apply the ratio of 6/8 for the reduction in the captured field.
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Achromatic objectives–This objective brings red and blue light to a common focus, and is corrected for spherical aberrations for green. It is excellent for black and white viewing. If an objective is not labeled, it is achromatic.
What is objectivelens inmicroscope
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MicroscopeObjectives magnification
The first image shows the eyepiece view when using a 1.0X objective with a 10X eyepiece. It has a 34mm field of view. The second image shows the video field of view of about 16–4.7mm (COLCAM-NTSC camera with a 0.5X coupler). The third image shows the video view that approximates the eyepiece view. It uses a 0.5X objective with a 20X eyepiece.
Convert 27 mm to inches. How many inches is 27 mm? The answer is: 1.06. Convert Millimeters to Inches.
The magnification of the image depends on the combination of the eyepiece and the objective used. This combination also affects the field of view. This example shows how these factors inter-relate.
Microscopeparts
Apochromatic objective–This is the most expensive objective. It is chromatically adjusted for four colors (deep blue, blue, green and red) and spherically corrected for deep blue, blue and sometimes green. This is the best choice for color viewing. These have a higher numerical aperture (N.A.) than achromats or fluorites.
The most commonly used infrared wavelength for security camera lighting is 850nm IR, it provides best performance versus invisibility balance. Although 850nm IR is invisible to the human eye as “light”, it does produce a slight red glow at the LED light source. For this reason, it is not suitable for covert surveillance applications, such as those for Government or Law enforcement. For covert surveillance, 940nm IR light is recommended, because it is completely invisible to humans, even at the light source.
A variety of microscope objectives are available. All objectives use lenses to focus light. Light is broken down into various wavelengths (colors) as it travels through a lens. The various wavelengths have different focal points. That means that red, green and blue appears to focus at different points. This is called chromatic aberration. Spherical aberrations are focal mismatches caused by the shape of the lens. Quality lenses are designed correct for chromatic and spherical aberration to bring the primary colors to a common focal point. These terms may help you determine the best objective for your application:
Even high powered 940nm IR illuminators produce no source red glow. However, 940nm IR may have up to 50% less range than 850nm IR does. Also, security cameras are not as sensitive 940nm as they are to 850nm IR. This is why 850nm IR is used for most long-range security applications, with a longer range, any slight red glow at the lights source will most likely not be noticed. When considering the advantages in expanded coverage range and camera sensitivity, 850nm is usually the best choice for medium to large Security applications.
View the MTF average test results measured by the ultra-high precision Trioptics Imagemaster MTF bench. Compare the MTF results various lenses.
Aimsof microscopepractical
Objectivelensmicroscopefunction
Infinity Correction–When measuring from the back end of the objective to the primary focal plane, many microscopes are limited to a specific distance (160mm). More expensive microscope use a different series of lenses, prisms and mirrors to allow for an "infinite" distance between those two points. This is called infinity correction.
Solution: Instead of the standard configuration, setup the microscope with a 0.5X objective to increase the working distance to 187 mm. The result of using this lower power objective is that the magnification range decreases by one half and at the same time the field of view double. To restore the microscope system to the original condition (magnification and field of view), replace the 10X eyepieces with 20X eyepieces. The use of these two options restores the visual field of view and magnification range back to the original condition with the added benefit of a larger working distance.
TIP: On the trinocular version of the PZMIII or PZMIV stereo microscope with the standard configuration (1.0X objective, 10X eyepieces) and with the optimal camera adaptor (0.5X on a ½” CCD camera) the video capture field of view is up to 40% less than the visual field. By using a 0.5X objective with 20X eyepieces the video capture area doubles, and the resulting video capture more closely matches the visual field of view.
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Stagemicroscopefunction
Problem: The PZMIII or PZMIV stereo zoom microscope normally comes with a 1.0X objective and a 10X pair of eyepieces. The magnification is 6X to 50X, however the concept of magnification is difficult to visualize. Let's discuss what can be seen at the two zoom extremes. Imagine the visual circle to be a range of 34–4.2 mm. This microscope has a working distance of 100mm. Researchers working with small animals will have difficulty working in this tight space.
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Plan objective–These objectives produces a flat image across the field of view. The three objectives discussed above all produce a curved image. A plan-achromat, plan-fluorite or plan-apochromat are corrected.
For applications when total invisibility is required or for small spaces, an 940nm IR illuminator is a good option. Before choosing a 940nm IR illuminator, please check your cameras specs, to make sure it is sensitive to the 940nm IR wavelength.
• Medium-power objective lens ______. • High-power objective lens ______. Eyepiece lens x Objective lens = Total magnification of microscope. Example ...
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The human eye can see the light wavelengths in the range of about 380nm to 700nm. Light above 700nm in the infrared spectrum (IR Light) is not visible to the human eye. The shorter “near-infrared” wavelengths, which are closer to visible light, from about 700nm to 900nm, can appear as a faint red glow when looking directly at a high powered IR LED source. However, it is invisible to human eye as “light” that illuminates other objects.