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Light diffuser panels are compatible with various light sources, such as studio strobes, continuous lights, and speedlights. It's crucial to select the right light diffuser panel for your light source. Certain diffuser screens and fabrics are specifically designed to diffuse high-powered light sources, while others may block out weaker light more than desired. Similarly, some light sources may be too strong for less opaque diffuser fabrics.

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It can often be easier to talk about the overall light throughput as the cone angle, or the numerical aperture (NA), of a lens. The NA of a lens is defined as the sine of the angle made by the marginal ray and optical axis in image space, shown in Figure 1.

The definition of f/# in Equation 1 is limited; f/# is defined at an infinite working distance (WD) where magnification is effectively zero. In most machine vision applications, the object is located much closer to the lens than infinitely far away. As such, working F-number, (f/#)w, seen in Equation 2, is a more useful representation of f/# in most applications.

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How to calculate numerical apertureof optical fiber

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In the equation for(f/#)w, m represents the magnification (ratio of image to object height) of the lens. Note that as m approaches zero (as the object approaches infinity), (f/#)w approaches f/#. It is especially important to keep (f/#)w in mind at smaller WDs. For example, an f/2.8, 25mm focal length lens operating with a magnification of 0.5X will have an effective (f/#)w of f/4.2. This impacts image quality as well as the lens’s ability to collect light.

The f/# (pronounced “F-number”) setting on a lens controls overall light throughput, depth of field (DOF), and the ability to produce contrast at a given resolution. Fundamentally, f/# is the ratio of the focal length, $ \small{\left( f \right)} $,  of the lens to the effective aperture diameter $ \small{ \left( \varnothing _{\text{EA}} \right) } $:

Light diffuser panels can help achieve an even distribution of light from LED lighting, which is prone to producing spots of highly focused light. LEDs are efficient and often adjustable, but light diffuser panels help achieve subtle effects that can enhance the quality of photos.

In most lenses, the f/# is set by turning the iris adjusting ring (See The Anatomy of a Lens). This movement opens and closes the iris diaphragm inside. The numbers labeling the ring denote light throughput associated with the aperture diameter and usually increase by multiples of $ \sqrt{2} $. Increasing the f/# by a factor of $ \sqrt{2} $ will halve the aperture area, decreasing the light throughput of the lens by a factor of 2. Lenses with lower f/#s are considered fast and allow more light to pass through the system, while lenses of higher f/#s are considered slow and feature reduced light throughput. Table 1 shows an example of f/#, aperture diameters, and effective opening sizes for a 25mm focal length lens. Notice that from the setting of f/1 to f/2, and again for f/4 to f/8, the lens aperture is reduced by half and the effective area is reduced by a factor of 4 at each interval. This illustrates the reduction in throughput associated with increasing a lens’s f/#.

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Light throughput is typically referred to as NA instead of f/# in microscopy, but it is important to note that the NA values that are specified for microscope objectives are specified in object space. More information about how f/# affects resolution can be found in the sections on the modulation transfer function (MTF), the diffraction limit, and the Airy disk. Details on f/# and DOF can be found Depth of Field and Depth of Focus.

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How to calculate numerical apertureof optical

We carry light diffuser panels, diffuser fabrics, and diffuser screens in a range of sizes, shapes, and styles for all types of lighting setups. Another important feature of these light diffuser panels is their portability and convenience. Made from lightweight materials, the diffuser fabrics and screens collapse into smaller shapes that are just as easy to take down and store as they are to set up.

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Table 1: The relationship between f/# and effective area for a 25mm singlet lens. As the f/# increases, the area decreases, leading to a slower system with less light throughput.

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The f/# impacts more than just light throughput. Specifically, f/# is directly related to the theoretical resolution, contrast limits, and the depth of field (DOF) and depth of focus of the lens (See Depth of Field and Depth of Focus for more information about DOF). The f/# also influences the aberrations of a specific lens design. As pixel size decreases, f/# becomes one of the most important factors of system performance because f/# drives DOF and resolution in opposite directions. As shown in Table 2, the requirements are often in direct conflict and compromises must be made. These tradeoffs are discussed in more detail later on in this section.

Quality light diffuser panels are essential lighting tools for anyone looking to create professional quality lighting for photography and videography. Light diffuser panels help create even, diffused lighting that is flattering to the subject and enhances the overall quality of the final product without heavy edits. By softening harsh light and eliminating shadows, diffuser screens can produce a natural-looking illumination ideal for portraits, products, and video shoots. This makes light diffuser panels indispensable for achieving the perfect lighting in a variety of settings, from studio shoots to outdoor locations.

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Knowledge Center/ Application Notes/ Imaging Application Notes/ System Throughput, f/#, and Numerical Aperture