Shooting at f/4 or f/5.6 can be great for action shots where there is a subject and some interesting detail in the background.

At f/1.8, only some of the green and red sticks are in focus. Everything else is blurred out. When we increase the depth of field by using a higher f-number, more of the scene is in-focus.

This may accompany “focus pulling” or “focus racking”, i.e., moving the focus from one object in the frame to another. Focus racking transitions are more obvious when the depth of field is shallow.

Learn more about this important concept that can aid composition and storytelling in both photography and cinematography.

Depth of fieldanddepth of focusPDF

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By selecting the correct focal point location and f-stop settings, the photographer controls the depth of field for each image.

To compensate for these decreases in DOF the photographer can increase f-stop values or use methods such as focus stacking.

The implementation of Dual Pixel CMOS AF in Canon's latest camera models have vastly improved shooting conditions in Live View. Live View, which features fast AF speed that measures up to viewfinder AF, is gradually becoming the choice method of shooting for many photographers. In the following, we will explain more about the characteristics of Live View. (Reported by: Tomoko Suzuki)

With the Picture Style function, you can adjust the colour tone and the contrast to enhance the charm and appeal of the subject. By selecting the perfect Picture Style setting, you can get perfect results in expressing your shooting intent in a vivid photo. (Reported by Tomoko Suzuki)

Step 2 From the list, select the button that you want to make your “Depth-of-field preview” shortcut and configure it accordingly.

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If you wanted to maintain constant exposure (image brightness), while changing the f-stop values, then changes in ISO or shutter speed would have to be made in the opposite direction.

Tip: Also notice how when we step away from the subject, the framing and perspective changes although the focal length is the same.

Deep focus If the glass container is so thick that most of the scene is in acceptable focus from the front to the back, we say that the depth of field is “large” or “deep”. This is known as a deep focus shot.

Prior to selecting the correct f-stop & focal length settings, producing the desired depth of field, the basics of a camera lens must be understood.

All of the information above provides the foundation for selecting the best camera settings using the Photography Exposure Triangle.

Step 2 Select “Exposure+DOF” and then press the SET button. Your camera will now display a preview both the actual brightness and depth of field according to your exposure settings.

Shallow focus If the glass container is thin, we say the depth of field is “shallow” or “narrow”.  Only a small part of the scene is in focus while everything else in front of and behind is blurred (turned into bokeh). This is also known as a shallow focus shot.

Following the focal length range is the minimum f-stop range of f/3.5 to f/4.5, noted on this lens and most others as 1:3.5-4.5.

In video and filmmaking, changes to the depth of field and focus point are recorded. You can use these transitions creatively to determine how the story unfolds. That’s also a way to add movement to your shot without camera movement!

Shallowdepth of field

Over a 3-day weekend, I can teach you everything I know, plus provide 1 on 1 feedback that will quickly improve your skills.

Phase detection AF (also known as phase-difference detection AF) is the autofocus system used in viewfinder shooting on DSLR cameras. Its main feature lies in its rapid autofocusing speed. In the following, we will explain more about phase detection AF, and how Canon’s Dual Pixel CMOS AF utilizes the latest AF technology to enable phase detection AF even in Live View. (Reported by Tomoko Suzuki)

Let’s get started… Table of Contents Depth of Field Photography VideoDepth of Field Photography BasicsCamera Lens Basics for Depth of FieldExposure Stops & Depth of FieldExample Photos & Camera SettingsSelecting the Correct F-Stop & Depth of FieldHow to 10X Your Learning Speed Depth of Field Photography Video Watch this video to learn the best f-stop settings to maximize depth of field and image sharpness. Next, read the guide to dial in your camera technique. Depth of Field Photography Basics In photography, aperture diameter, determined by f-stop, controls two important factors: Depth of Field (DOF) determines the closest and farthest objects in an image, both of which are in focus. The entire image between these objects also maintains sharp focus. Amount of Light exposed to the image sensor, which controls the image brightness, rated in stops. Mastering depth of field requires a basic understanding of f-stop, focal length, focus range, and camera lenses. We will quickly cover these first. What is Aperture in Photography? The terms f-stop and aperture are often used interchangeably, this is incorrect. Aperture is the opening in the front of the lens where light enters the camera. F-stop is the ratio of lens focal length to aperture diameter. F-stop is a dimensionless number, denoted by a hooked “ f ”, with an underlying number denoting the f-stop value. f/2.8 and f/8 are two examples of common f-stop settings, where 2.8 & 8 are the f-stop values, respectively. F-Stop  = Lens Focal Length (mm) / Aperture Diameter (mm) The aperture diameter is the straight distance across the widest part of the aperture. The focal length of the lens determines your field of view (composition) and the magnification of the scene. The graphic shows increasing f-stop values with decreasing aperture diameters. Attribution – Wikipedia If the lens focal length is 20mm and the aperture diameter is 10mm, then f-stop = 20mm/10mm = 2. This is denoted as f/2. The photographer controls the f-stop, which determines the depth of field and how much light enters the lens. The larger the f-stop value, the less light enters the lens, over a set exposure time. The smaller the f-stop value, the more light enters the lens, over a set exposure time. What is Depth of Field in Photography? Depth of Focus vs Depth of Field (DOF) – To clear up any confusion, these terms mean the same thing. They can be used interchangeably with focus range and DOF. Depth of field is defined as the distance between the closest and furthest objects within a composition, both of which are in focus. All objects between the closest and furthest objects are also in focus. By adjusting the f-stop, the photographer controls the depth of field. Smaller f-stop value = larger aperture diameter = smaller DOF Larger f-stop value = smaller aperture diameter = larger DOF The following examples show small or shallow depth of field vs large or deep depth of field. The first photo was taken at f/5.6 and the second was captured at f/16. Photographed at f/5.6 The red lines show the closest and furthest objects that are in focus. Notice how everything between these lines is also in focus. The red box denotes the focal point within the image. This is the location that I focused on to take the shots. The focal point always lies within the focal range or depth of field. Photographed at f/16 In the images above, the focal point, denoted by the red box, stays at approximately the same location. The depth of field or focus range extends beyond the focal point, as the f-stop increases from f/5.6 to f/16. Here is another example of two landscape photos showing varying depths of field. The first example below shows a deep also known as large depth of field. Everything in the entire image, foreground to background is in focus. Large Depth of Field @ f/8 The second image shows a shallow depth of field example. Only the subject is in focus, while the foreground and background are not in focus. The focus range is very shallow providing a small depth of field. Shallow Depth of Field @ f/4 What is Focal Length in Photography? The lens focal length, selected by the photographer, determines the field of view (FOV) The field of view defines your composition. It’s everything seen for a selected focal length. The larger your focal length, the smaller the field of view becomes & vice versa. Focal length also determines the depth of field, as we will cover below. Example Images – Focal Length & Field of View When the focal length increases, the field of view decreases, and the subjects in the image become magnified. 14mm Focal Length 24mm Focal Length 80mm Focal Length Camera Lens Basics for Depth of Field Prior to selecting the correct f-stop & focal length settings, producing the desired depth of field, the basics of a camera lens must be understood. Different Types of Camera Lenses Human vision is approximately 50mm focal length. Focal lengths larger than approximately 50mm will magnify the composition. Focal lengths less than 50mm are denoted as “wide-angle”. Wide Angle Lenses produce a field of view larger than our standard vision & usually range from 8mm to 35mm in focal length. Standard Lenses produce a field of view similar to our standard vision & usually range from 40mm to 60mm in focal length. Telephoto Lenses produce a field of view smaller than our standard vision & usually exceed 70mm in focal length. Camera Lens Focal Lengths The 28-300mm lens shown in the graphic below has a focal length range of 28mm to 300mm. This is denoted as a wide-angle telephoto lens since it covers above & below 50mm focal length. The focal length range for this specific lens is labeled in gold letters as 28-300mm, seen just above the “AF-S NIKKOR” label. The photographer can select any focal length, within the focal length range. This is what determines the composition. The white dot on the lens above shows the currently selected focal length of 28mm. The 14-24mm lens, shown below, is known as a wide-angle lens. It covers fields of view greater than what the human eye can see. The smaller the focal length the “wider” the field of view. Crop Factors & Focal Lengths Cameras with crop factors above or below 1 change the field of view and focal length. Using your camera’s crop factor an effective focal length can be calculated. A full-frame sensor has a crop factor of 1. A 28-300mm lens used on a 1.6 crop factor camera would have an effective focal length range of 45mm – 480mm, calculated as follows: ( 28mm X 1.6 ) – (300mm X 1.6 ). The following image was taken on a full-frame camera with a crop factor of 1. The same image taken at 14mm on a 1.6 crop factor camera would look like it was taken on a 22mm lens (14 X 1.6) The red box shows what this composition would look like on a 1.6 crop factor camera. Camera Lens F-Stop Values Each camera lens has a minimum f-stop value, or widest aperture diameter, in which it can operate for any given focal length. Most lenses are designed so the minimum f-stop value increases as the focal length increases. The lens label shows the focal length range to be 18-35mm in the example below. The photographer can shoot at any focal length, in the range of 18-35mm, producing their desired field of view. Following the focal length range is the minimum f-stop range of f/3.5 to f/4.5, noted on this lens and most others as 1:3.5-4.5. The range of f/3.5 to f/4.5 provides the minimum f-stop values (widest aperture diameters), that this specific lens can maintain while shooting at the minimum and maximum focal lengths, respectively. For example, the minimum f-stop value this lens can maintain is f/3.5 while shooting at 18mm. As the focal length increases, from 18mm to 35mm, the minimum f-stop also increases, until it reaches f/4.5 at 35mm. All focal lengths between 18mm and 35mm will have minimum f-stop values ranging from f/3.5 to f/4.5. You can always increase the f-stop to larger values. The noted values are only the minimums. Lens Speed, Explained The lens speed refers to the minimum f-stop value a lens can shoot at for any focal length. As the focal length increases, from 18mm to 35mm, on the lens above, the aperture diameter becomes smaller, reducing the f-stop from f/3.5 to f/4.5. To capture the same amount of light from the scene, as the focal length increases, the shutter speed would also have to become longer. The “faster” the lens, the lower the f-stop value it can maintain over its entire focal length range. Lens Speed Example Looking at the 14-24mm f/2.8 wide-angle lens above, there is a single minimum f-stop value given of 1:2.8. This means that this lens can maintain f/2.8 minimum f-stop value no matter the focal length. Lenses like this are much more expensive because they require more glass and better engineering to produce. There is also a maximum f-stop value for each lens, but it’s not listed since it doesn’t change the “speed” or how fast the lens can expose for a given scene. Exposure Stops & Depth of Field An exposure stop, or stop for short, is a scale to measure the change in light, exposed to the image sensor, due to different exposure settings such as f-stop and shutter speed. For ISO, exposure stops provide the increase or decrease in signal (light information) amplification, thus how much light is required to produce the optimal exposure. Stops provide an easy way to balance the exposure triangle while changing settings. Click Here & Download the chart as a PDF to reference while reading. The Stops Column shows the difference in stops between different f-stop values. The F-Stop Value Column shows different standard f-stops in 1 stop intervals. Each change in stops doesn’t correlate to a specific f-stop value. Stops show you how much light is captured from one f-stop setting to the next. This makes it easy to maintain the correct exposure when changing settings.f Increasing the f-stop, thus producing a smaller aperture diameter, forces the image sensor to collect less light information, producing a darker image, with increased depth of field. By increasing the f-stop value, the aperture diameter gets smaller. Doing so produces an increased depth of field, and a darker image if no other settings are changed. This is known as stopping down.  Decreasing the f-stop, thus producing a larger aperture diameter, allows the image sensor to collect more light information, producing a brighter image, with a decreased depth of field. By decreasing the f-stop settings the aperture diameter gets bigger. Doing so produces a decreased depth of field, and the image gets brighter if no other settings are changed. This is known as stopping up.  Depth of Field & Exposure Stop Examples In the following examples, ISO and shutter speed are constant. Only f-stop changes in 1 stop increments. The first example was taken at f/11, followed by f/8, f/5.6, and f/4. The focal point stays the same for each of the images. As the f-stop becomes smaller, by 1 stop at a time, the image gets brighter, but the depth of field decreases. Notice how the sharpness in the bottom of each image drops off as the f-stop decreases. This shows the depth of field becoming smaller and smaller. Settings: f/11, ISO100, 1/5th second  Settings: f/8, ISO100, 1/5th second Settings: f/5.6, ISO100, 1/5th second Settings: f/4, ISO100, 1/5th second If you wanted to maintain constant exposure (image brightness), while changing the f-stop values, then changes in ISO or shutter speed would have to be made in the opposite direction. Exposure Stops & Aperture Diameter Example The amount of light exposed to the image sensor is determined by the square area of the aperture as seen in the graphic below. Aperture Area = Pi*(Aperture Radius^2) For example, Shooting at an f-stop of f/1.4 provides a 314 square millimeter opening for light to enter the lens as seen in the Aperture Area Column. Shooting at f/2.8 and 28mm provides a 79 square millimeter aperture area. If you changed from f/2.8 to f/5.6, this reduces the area by half, thus reducing the amount of light in the exposure by half. Using exposure stops keeps you from having to do these calculations each time! Shooting Example – Aperture & Exposure Stops Imagine taking an image at f/16 and thinking that it was way too dark. Taken at f/16 Next, you thought, “If this picture was 2 times as bright it would be perfect.”. Changing the settings by one stop, from f/16 to f/11 would provide double the amount of light. Instead of having to guess you just reference the exposure stops chart and made the change. Taken at f/11 Example Photos & Camera Settings Depth of Field is controlled by three factors, each shown with example photos below. Focal Point & Depth of Field The focus point or focal point controls the location of the focal range within the image. I prefer to control this focus point manually, using back button focus. Each image below was captured at f/5.6. The focus point moves, but all other settings stay the same. The focal range is denoted by horizontal red lines. The red box denotes the focus point. In the following image, all settings remain the same. The focus point moves to the middle of the image, shifting the focal range. The focal point is shifted to the back of the image, below, moving the focal range with it. By selecting the correct focal point location and f-stop settings, the photographer controls the depth of field for each image. F-Stop & Depth of Field The following examples show different image attributes correlate to varying f-stop values and depth of field. An image attribute is a specific visual effect obtained from varying camera settings such as f-stop, ISO & shutter speed. In this case, we will look at visual image attributes determined by f-stop, providing varying depths of field. As the f-stop value increases, the aperture diameter decreases, allowing less light into the camera while increasing the depth of field. As the f-stop value decreases, the aperture diameter increases, allowing more light into the camera while decreasing the depth of field. Small F-Stop Values & Image Attributes The following image has a very shallow depth of field, taken at f/1.4. When isolating a subject this is a great setting to use. Using this f-stop during the day requires a very fast shutter speed making it great for action shots. Taken at f/1.4 Shooting at slightly larger f-stop values such as f/2.8 provides the same effect with a slightly larger depth of field, as shown in the following example. Increasing to f/2.8 the same effect can be seen, but the depth of field starts to increase. Shooting at f/2.8 is my favorite setting for star photography. Taken at  f/2.8 Shooting at f/4 or f/5.6 can be great for action shots where there is a subject and some interesting detail in the background. The following image is in sharp focus for the person, but slightly out of focus for the background. This still allows you to see the background, but it’s not the center of attention. Taken at f/5.6 Mid-Range F-Stop Values & Image Attributes F-stop values of f/8 to f/11 are ideal for landscape photography. They provide a sharp focus from foreground to background. I shoot at these settings for 99% of my landscape photos. Taken at  f/11 Large F-Stop Values &  Image Attributes Sometimes it’s required to shoot at f/16 or f/22 to increase the shutter speed for long exposures or to increase the depth of field for very distant scenes. By shooting at f/16 the amount of light entering the lens is reduced, requiring a longer shutter speed. This is great for long exposures at sunrise and sunset. Taken at  f/16 Shooting at f/22 degrades image quality due to lens diffraction but provides a sun star due to the optics of the lens. I only recommend shooting at f/22 when you want the sun star effect. Taken at f/22 Taken at f/22 Focal Length & Depth of Field When the focal length gets larger, the scene becomes more magnified. This causes the depth of field to decrease. The opposite also is true when the focal length decreases. When shooting at 10mm all the way to 100mm it’s almost impossible to see these changes. When you start shooting in the 100mm or greater range, then these effects start to become very apparent. To compensate for these decreases in DOF the photographer can increase f-stop values or use methods such as focus stacking. Example Photos: Depth of Field Vs. Focal Length The first example below shows an image taken at f/9 & 145mm effective focal length. Even at f/9 the background is out of focus. Due to the increased focal length, the depth of field decreased. If this image was taken at 50mm instead of 145mm, f/9 would have provided sharp focus over the entire depth of field. The next example shows an image taken at f/11 and 250mm effective focal length. At first glance, it may appear to be focused throughout the entire depth of field. Looking at the bottom-righthand corner, the image sharpness starts to degrade significantly. This is due to the decreased depth of field from increased focal length. To compensate for this issue the f-stop value could be increased to f/16, slightly extending the depth of field. Selecting the Correct F-Stop & Depth of Field All of the information above provides the foundation for selecting the best camera settings using the Photography Exposure Triangle. To correctly select the best f-stop and depth of field a firm understanding in shutter speed & ISO are required. First learn the main 3 settings, f-stop, shutter speed, and ISO. Then continue on to the Photography Exposure Triangle Guide, for complete details on combining all of the settings. How to 10X Your Learning Speed The best way to improve quickly is by learning firsthand from someone that’s optimized their skills, over a decade or more through trial and error. You can’t read blogs and watch internet videos to do this. I offer workshops & tours for all skill, fitness, and age levels. Over a 3-day weekend, I can teach you everything I know, plus provide 1 on 1 feedback that will quickly improve your skills. I’ve seen students learn more in a 3-day trip than they have in 20 years of trying to learn on their own. Check out my workshops & tours, right here.

Oct 3, 2023 — Réponse ... Vous avez l'autorisation d'un réalisateur pour diffuser son film. Vous vous demandez si vous devez néanmoins passer par la SACEM. D' ...

The camera will close the aperture blades according to your aperture setting even when metering. It might affect focusing especially in low light situations as less light enters the camera.

Exposure is one of the major factors that can make or break a picture. Let us talk about how we can go about make best use of exposure to get the best results from a shot (Reported by: Tomoko Suzuki)

For ISO, exposure stops provide the increase or decrease in signal (light information) amplification, thus how much light is required to produce the optimal exposure.

Decreasing the f-stop, thus producing a larger aperture diameter, allows the image sensor to collect more light information, producing a brighter image, with a decreased depth of field.

Changing factors 2-4 will also change the framing and perspective, affecting composition. For more details and examples, keep scrolling.

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Some cameras like the EOS R6 Mark II have a default depth of field preview button, but you can reassign the function to another button. On other cameras, you will have to decide which button to use.

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Aug 14, 2024 — What are the f-stops on your camera or lens and what kind of effect does changing them have? Our chart explains all.

There is also a maximum f-stop value for each lens, but it’s not listed since it doesn’t change the “speed” or how fast the lens can expose for a given scene.

Depth of field vs depth of focusmicroscope

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For example, Shooting at an f-stop of f/1.4 provides a 314 square millimeter opening for light to enter the lens as seen in the Aperture Area Column.

Want to create photographs with a lovely background blur (bokeh effect), or perhaps ensure that everything in the image remains in focus? The Aperture-priority AE mode is a convenient mode to use for achieving those effects. Let’s look at this mode in closer detail. (Reported by Tomoko Suzuki)

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Depth of field vs depth of focusnikon

One classic Hollywood movie known for its use of deep focus shots in story development is Citizen Kane(Cinematographer: Gregg Tolland; Director: Orson Welles), especially in this iconic scene.

Learn the best ways to create amazing images and videos, share your works with the community and be inspired by our community.

Each camera lens has a minimum f-stop value, or widest aperture diameter, in which it can operate for any given focal length.

An exposure stop, or stop for short, is a scale to measure the change in light, exposed to the image sensor, due to different exposure settings such as f-stop and shutter speed.

The Program AE mode, a semi-automatic mode where the camera automatically sets the aperture and shutter speed, enables you to shoot quickly to capture sudden photographic opportunities, and yet still retain creative control over other settings such as white balance.

Remember our “glass box” of focus? Unless you are using the tilt function on a tilt-shift lens, it is always parallel to the image sensor plane (and your lens’ tip).  If you tilt your camera or shoot a subject from a different angle, you can change what is inside the “glass box” without changing the depth of field.

When taking photographs, you want to have a good grasp of shutter speed and its effects on your photographs. What kind of effects can you create with a faster or slower shutter speed? Let us examine the effects of different shutter speeds with the help of the following examples. (Reported by: Tomoko Suzuki)

If you want control over both the aperture and the shutter speed, Manual exposure mode is the way to go. It might be quite a tough mode to conquer for a beginner, but also can be very convenient to achieve certain shooting intentions. In this final article in our Camera Basics series, we take a closer look at this mode and what it can be used for. (Reported by Tomoko Suzuki)

Exposure Stops & Aperture Diameter Example The amount of light exposed to the image sensor is determined by the square area of the aperture as seen in the graphic below. Aperture Area = Pi*(Aperture Radius^2) For example, Shooting at an f-stop of f/1.4 provides a 314 square millimeter opening for light to enter the lens as seen in the Aperture Area Column. Shooting at f/2.8 and 28mm provides a 79 square millimeter aperture area. If you changed from f/2.8 to f/5.6, this reduces the area by half, thus reducing the amount of light in the exposure by half. Using exposure stops keeps you from having to do these calculations each time! Shooting Example – Aperture & Exposure Stops Imagine taking an image at f/16 and thinking that it was way too dark. Taken at f/16 Next, you thought, “If this picture was 2 times as bright it would be perfect.”. Changing the settings by one stop, from f/16 to f/11 would provide double the amount of light. Instead of having to guess you just reference the exposure stops chart and made the change. Taken at f/11 Example Photos & Camera Settings Depth of Field is controlled by three factors, each shown with example photos below. Focal Point & Depth of Field The focus point or focal point controls the location of the focal range within the image. I prefer to control this focus point manually, using back button focus. Each image below was captured at f/5.6. The focus point moves, but all other settings stay the same. The focal range is denoted by horizontal red lines. The red box denotes the focus point. In the following image, all settings remain the same. The focus point moves to the middle of the image, shifting the focal range. The focal point is shifted to the back of the image, below, moving the focal range with it. By selecting the correct focal point location and f-stop settings, the photographer controls the depth of field for each image. F-Stop & Depth of Field The following examples show different image attributes correlate to varying f-stop values and depth of field. An image attribute is a specific visual effect obtained from varying camera settings such as f-stop, ISO & shutter speed. In this case, we will look at visual image attributes determined by f-stop, providing varying depths of field. As the f-stop value increases, the aperture diameter decreases, allowing less light into the camera while increasing the depth of field. As the f-stop value decreases, the aperture diameter increases, allowing more light into the camera while decreasing the depth of field. Small F-Stop Values & Image Attributes The following image has a very shallow depth of field, taken at f/1.4. When isolating a subject this is a great setting to use. Using this f-stop during the day requires a very fast shutter speed making it great for action shots. Taken at f/1.4 Shooting at slightly larger f-stop values such as f/2.8 provides the same effect with a slightly larger depth of field, as shown in the following example. Increasing to f/2.8 the same effect can be seen, but the depth of field starts to increase. Shooting at f/2.8 is my favorite setting for star photography. Taken at  f/2.8 Shooting at f/4 or f/5.6 can be great for action shots where there is a subject and some interesting detail in the background. The following image is in sharp focus for the person, but slightly out of focus for the background. This still allows you to see the background, but it’s not the center of attention. Taken at f/5.6 Mid-Range F-Stop Values & Image Attributes F-stop values of f/8 to f/11 are ideal for landscape photography. They provide a sharp focus from foreground to background. I shoot at these settings for 99% of my landscape photos. Taken at  f/11 Large F-Stop Values &  Image Attributes Sometimes it’s required to shoot at f/16 or f/22 to increase the shutter speed for long exposures or to increase the depth of field for very distant scenes. By shooting at f/16 the amount of light entering the lens is reduced, requiring a longer shutter speed. This is great for long exposures at sunrise and sunset. Taken at  f/16 Shooting at f/22 degrades image quality due to lens diffraction but provides a sun star due to the optics of the lens. I only recommend shooting at f/22 when you want the sun star effect. Taken at f/22 Taken at f/22 Focal Length & Depth of Field When the focal length gets larger, the scene becomes more magnified. This causes the depth of field to decrease. The opposite also is true when the focal length decreases. When shooting at 10mm all the way to 100mm it’s almost impossible to see these changes. When you start shooting in the 100mm or greater range, then these effects start to become very apparent. To compensate for these decreases in DOF the photographer can increase f-stop values or use methods such as focus stacking. Example Photos: Depth of Field Vs. Focal Length The first example below shows an image taken at f/9 & 145mm effective focal length. Even at f/9 the background is out of focus. Due to the increased focal length, the depth of field decreased. If this image was taken at 50mm instead of 145mm, f/9 would have provided sharp focus over the entire depth of field. The next example shows an image taken at f/11 and 250mm effective focal length. At first glance, it may appear to be focused throughout the entire depth of field. Looking at the bottom-righthand corner, the image sharpness starts to degrade significantly. This is due to the decreased depth of field from increased focal length. To compensate for this issue the f-stop value could be increased to f/16, slightly extending the depth of field. Selecting the Correct F-Stop & Depth of Field All of the information above provides the foundation for selecting the best camera settings using the Photography Exposure Triangle. To correctly select the best f-stop and depth of field a firm understanding in shutter speed & ISO are required. First learn the main 3 settings, f-stop, shutter speed, and ISO. Then continue on to the Photography Exposure Triangle Guide, for complete details on combining all of the settings. How to 10X Your Learning Speed The best way to improve quickly is by learning firsthand from someone that’s optimized their skills, over a decade or more through trial and error. You can’t read blogs and watch internet videos to do this. I offer workshops & tours for all skill, fitness, and age levels. Over a 3-day weekend, I can teach you everything I know, plus provide 1 on 1 feedback that will quickly improve your skills. I’ve seen students learn more in a 3-day trip than they have in 20 years of trying to learn on their own. Check out my workshops & tours, right here.

Exposure compensation is a function you can use to change the exposure set by the camera (camera-determined correct exposure) into something of your own preference. Here, we find out more about the function, and learn how to identify subjects that require positive or negative exposure compensation along the way. (Reported by: Tomoko Suzuki)

The first thing to consider when taking photographs with a digital camera is the effect that the aperture can have on your pictures. How will the photograph finish change depending on the aperture is widened or narrowed? In this article, we study the effects of varying apertures on depth-of-field by comparing several examples, and learn about the concept of f-stops. (Reported by Tomoko Suzuki)

In both images, we placed the focus point on the tip of the strawberry. At f/1.8, everything else is out of focus and blurred out; at f/16, everything else is clearer.  (We kept the same focus point for easier comparison. In practice, shifting the focus point to the cream would help us get more in focus with a slightly wider aperture.)

The amount of light exposed to the image sensor is determined by the square area of the aperture as seen in the graphic below.

Depth of field vs depth of focusphotography

The one thing that enables the photographer to convey his photographic intent to the viewer is establishing the focus. What are the secrets to establishing the best focus? Let’s find out more about the special features of autofocus (AF) and manual focus (MF). (Reported by: Tomoko Suzuki)

By default, your camera previews the exposure (image brightness) but not the depth of field. That’s related to full-aperture metering, where regardless of your aperture setting, the aperture blades are always fully open until right before you take the picture, allowing them to take in as much light information as possible. What you see in your rear LCD screen or electronic viewfinder is a simulation from the image processor.

A shallow depth of field blurs out (“simplifies”) the leaves in the background and foreground so our attention is mainly on the flower. A larger depth of field makes us notice the leaves that surround the flower too.

That’s why full-frame cameras create “more intense bokeh” and APS-C and compact cameras give more depth of field. Sensor size affects the focal length you use to achieve a given field of view. (Learn more in: Full-Frame vs APS-C Camera: Which Should I Choose?)

Sometimes it’s required to shoot at f/16 or f/22 to increase the shutter speed for long exposures or to increase the depth of field for very distant scenes.

Depth of field (DOF) describes the distance between the nearest and furthest points from the camera that appear to be acceptably in focus (“in-focus area”).

The focal length range for this specific lens is labeled in gold letters as 28-300mm, seen just above the “AF-S NIKKOR” label.

As the focal length increases, from 18mm to 35mm, on the lens above, the aperture diameter becomes smaller, reducing the f-stop from f/3.5 to f/4.5.

Shutter-priority AE mode is a shooting mode that is useful for when you want to ‘freeze’ subjects in action, or conversely, photograph moving subjects with motion blur. Read on to find out how you can use it! (Reported by Tomoko Suzuki)

Depth of focusin photography

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For example, slowly increase the depth of field of a shallow focus shot to unveil objects in the background, or vice versa:

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These two images were captured from the same shooting position by zooming in from 35mm to 105mm. The magnification from the longer focal length makes the depth of field look shallower. The opposite is true, too: wide-angle lenses naturally provide a deeper depth of field even at wider apertures.

Know this: When more objects are in focus, it also means more potential distractions. You will have to consider the composition more carefully.

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If you are shooting close-ups or using a telephoto lens, you would have to use a narrower aperture than usual to get a deeper depth of field. If you are shooting stills of a static subject, you might even want to consider focus bracketing and depth compositing to achieve the desired depth of field.

The best way to improve quickly is by learning firsthand from someone that’s optimized their skills, over a decade or more through trial and error.

If you prefer to use a shallow depth of field, Canon’s reliable deep learning-based AF tracking should help keep the subject in focus. Here are 5 Tips for Better Subject Detection and Tracking to increase your keeper shots!

Depth of field is defined as the distance between the closest and furthest objects within a composition, both of which are in focus.

Just one of the metal posts is in focus. To get more of the posts in focus while shooting from this angle, we would need a larger depth of field.

Learn more about depth of field and related techniques in: In Focus: Aperture Settings for Various Scenes What is the difference between an f/2.8 and an f/4 telephoto zoom lens? Portrait Photography: 3 Aperture Settings Favoured by Professional Photographers 4 Lens Concepts to Revolutionise Your Photos How to Create Dreamy, Colourful Portraits with Foreground Bokeh

To capture the same amount of light from the scene, as the focal length increases, the shutter speed would also have to become longer.

When establishing focus on a subject, it is vitally important to anticipate the subject’s movement and capture it at the right moment. This means it is essential to know the appropriate autofocus (AF) mode to use for a stationary subject, and which to use when the subject is moving. Let us take a closer look at the 3 types of AF modes. (Reported by Tomoko Suzuki)

50mm, f/2.5 Only the tart is in focus. Everything else is blurred out, indicating that the tart is the subject of the image.

The range of f/3.5 to f/4.5 provides the minimum f-stop values (widest aperture diameters), that this specific lens can maintain while shooting at the minimum and maximum focal lengths, respectively.

The lens was closer to the fence in the first image. This also makes the background closer (and look larger), magnifying the out of focus blur.

You can think of it as like your lens projecting a huge glass container parallel to it. The glass container changes position depending on where you place your focus, but it is always parallel to the lens. Objects inside this glass container appear sharp and in-focus, whereas those outside it appear blurrier the further they are from the container.

ISO speed plays an equally important role as aperture and shutter speed in its effect on exposure. Now let us learn more about the advantages and disadvantages of turning up the ISO speed. (Reported by: Tomoko Suzuki)

Our eyes tend prioritise objects that appear sharp and in-focus. Therefore, controlling the depth of field is an important skill that can help us achieve better pictures and even help with storytelling. This applies to both photography and cinematography.

Depth of field vs depth of focuscamera

Shooting at slightly larger f-stop values such as f/2.8 provides the same effect with a slightly larger depth of field, as shown in the following example.

White balance is a feature that ensures that the colour white is reproduced accurately regardless of the type of lighting under which a photo is taken. At a very basic level, it is common to use the Auto White Balance setting. However, this setting is no one-size-fits-all solution. For a white balance setting that best suits the lighting source, choose one of the preset white balance settings on your camera.(Reported by Tomoko Suzuki)

An image attribute is a specific visual effect obtained from varying camera settings such as f-stop, ISO & shutter speed.

Increasing the f-stop, thus producing a smaller aperture diameter, forces the image sensor to collect less light information, producing a darker image, with increased depth of field.

If you changed from f/2.8 to f/5.6, this reduces the area by half, thus reducing the amount of light in the exposure by half.

The metering function measures the brightness of a subject and decides how much exposure is best for the photo. Let’s take a look at each metering mode available, and get a better idea of which of them to use is best to use under which conditions/scene. (Reported by Tomoko Suzuki)

Depth of field vs depth of focusreddit

A 28-300mm lens used on a 1.6 crop factor camera would have an effective focal length range of 45mm – 480mm, calculated as follows: ( 28mm X 1.6 ) – (300mm X 1.6 ).

The position and angle are two elements that greatly influence the outcome of your photos. Since they have such a significant impact, varying them ensures that you will be able to get a different effect in your photos. In the following, we go over 3 points each in relation to the position and the angle. (Reported by Tomoko Suzuki)

The next time you see a photo you like or watch a movie or drama, consider how the photographer or cinematographer uses depth of field. Is it shallow or deep? What does it show or hide? How does it help to tell the story? This is often a deliberate choice, especially in cinematography.

When shooting moving subjects, consider using a larger depth of field so that the subject is more likely to stay in the in-focus area even as it moves around. The easiest way to do it without changing the composition is to narrow the aperture (use a larger f-number).

Only a thin strip of fabric is in focus in this close-up shot. That’s why focusing can be so challenging during close-up and macro photography!

When it comes to shooting, a vital part of the camera is the viewfinder. Nowadays, there are cameras that do not come with viewfinders, only with Live View shooting. However, as you get more experienced with photography, you will realise how much shooting with a viewfinder can affect your photos. In this article, we take a closer look at the viewfinder. (Reported by: Tomoko Suzuki)