Vertical Field of View placement. The field of view is restricted in augmented reality. Ensure the most important elements are in the central area for a comfortable user experience.

This article outlines positional memory and its importance in AR: Did you move your user's cheese? All you need to know about 'Positional Memory'

User Interface and Interaction Design: The FoV influences how content and interfaces are designed. In a narrow FoV, important elements must be centrally located, whereas a wider FoV allows for a more spread-out arrangement of elements.

Realism in AR: The FoV impacts how convincingly digital content can be integrated into the real world. A narrow FoV might make the augmented elements feel more like they’re floating in a small window of space, rather than a seamless part of the user’s environment.

Adaptive Design: Design content that can adapt to different FoV settings, to accommodate a variety of devices with varying FoV capabilities.

Comfort and Presence: An optimal field of vision makes the user feel comfortable. A very wide one might cause neck strain, dizziness or cybersickness since the user will need to move around a lot. A narrow FoV might strain the user’s eyes since they’ll need to concentrate on a very small area all the time.

Spatial Cognition: A broader FoV helps improve spatial awareness in VR. Users can navigate more naturally and interact more effectively with the environment. In AR, a narrower FoV might mean that users won’t see as much augmented content without turning their head.

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When you design for mobile and desktop, you are limited to the area of the screen. For AR, the area you can work with is limited only by the physical limitations of our vision—more specifically, our field of view and view distance.

To design content for varying FoV, factors such as how much of the scene is visible at a time and how to ensure important elements are within the user's immediate field of view have to be considered, especially in devices with limited FoV.

The user should always control the camera movement. Let them drive. Don't shake the camera, purposely lock rotation, or turn the user's camera for them.

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FoV in VR is often wider than AR, as the medium allows for a broader view, which can enhance immersion and make the virtual environment feel more realistic. In AR, MR or XR, FoV determines how much of the real world can be augmented with digital overlays. A larger FoV can offer a more comprehensive and engaging experience, but technical limitations often require a balance between a wide FoV and factors like device size, comfort, and processing power.

For the vertical field of view, the chance of neck strain is less of an issue but still present. You shouldn't have users look straight up or down for long periods, especially when they walk around. The ideal content placement for vertical rotation is the 40-degree area slightly above the center of vision or horizon line.

In UX Design for Virtual Reality, you’ll learn how to create your own successful VR experience through UX design. Informed by technological developments, UX design principles and VR best practices, explore the entire VR design process, from concept to implementation. Apply your newfound skills and knowledge immediately though practical and enjoyable exercises.

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After each lesson you’ll have the chance to put what you’ve learned into practice with a practical portfolio exercise. Once you’ve completed the course, you’ll have a case study to add to your UX portfolio. This case study will be pivotal in your transition from 2D designer to 3D designer.

Some high-end VR/AR headsets offer adjustable FoV to cater to different user preferences and applications. However, this feature is not universally available across all devices.

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In this video, UX consultant Frank Spillers covers the main guidelines for AR design. These are invaluable tips that will make your designs much more user-friendly.

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Content Placement: Place important information and interactive elements within the central area of the FoV. This is especially important in AR, where the FoV is more restricted.

Object placement should fall within a central area in the user's field of vision, and objects shouldn't be too close or far away from the user.

User Testing and Feedback: Conduct extensive user testing to understand how different FoV settings affect user experience. Pay attention to feedback regarding comfort, immersion, and usability.

Ideally, you should place objects within five meters of the users and beyond one and a quarter meters. Users might overlook your content, want more personal space, or collide with the holograms if things are too close. Too far, and it might be hard for the user to see.

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A limited or overly wide FoV can contribute to motion sickness in VR environments, as there's a disconnect between the motion perceived by the visual system and the lack of corresponding vestibular feedback (balance and spatial orientation).

Accessibility: Take into account users with different needs. Ensure that the experience is accessible and comfortable for a diverse audience.

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VR offers a substantially wider FoV, usually between 90 degrees and 110 degrees, with some high-end models reaching up to 120 degrees or more. As Frank mentions above, wider isn’t necessarily better. It’s important to consider how a wider field can enhance immersion. However, immersion must not come at the expense of the user’s comfort. For example, if the user experiences neck strain, they won’t value the immersive content.

Minimize abstract UIs: Affordances are the best tool to make UIs intuitive, especially 3D ones. Don't force users to interpret what things mean. If something looks interactable, make it interactable. Work with real physics and the environment. Use real physics and respect the boundaries of physical space; don't put an interactable object beyond a wall or window. Avoid "secret UIs" or hidden features that users need to use.

Use real physics: Have objects behave and interact in a way that mimics their real-world counterparts. A rubber ball should bounce, and the door handle should open a door.

Balance with Comfort: Be aware that a very wide FoV might lead to discomfort or motion sickness for some users. Design content that minimizes rapid movements or extreme peripheral action.

Lastly, you will want to place content at a comfortable distance away from the user, especially for prolonged interactions.

Field of View (FoV) in VR and AR devices is typically measured in degrees—it represents the extent of the observable world at any given moment. It's calculated based on the optical design of the headset, including the lens and screen properties. The higher the degrees, the wider the FoV.

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For more on user focus and forced functions in AR, see "Forcing functions"- an interaction design technique used but not widely understood.

Accessibility: A wider FoV can be more inclusive as it accommodates users with a wider range of visual capabilities and preferences, but it also has to be balanced with considerations like the weight and comfort of the headset.

Minimize Fatigue: For prolonged use, design experiences that minimize the need for constant head movement, which can be tiring or uncomfortable.

Guidance and Onboarding: Provide clear guidance and onboarding for users to understand how to navigate and interact within the given FoV.

Learn more about comfort and other elements of AR and VR in our courses, UX Design for Augmented Reality and UX Design for Virtual Reality.

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In lesson 5, you’ll gain insights into prototyping, testing, implementing VR experiences, and conducting thorough evaluations.

As discussed in the video, an AR experience that goes beyond the more natural 30 to 50 degrees can be tiresome or uncomfortable for the user.

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Visual Hierarchy and Clarity: Establish a clear visual hierarchy. Place critical interactive or narrative elements prominently within the FoV.

In lesson 4, you’ll delve into interface and interaction design to create your own user-friendly, compelling and comfortable VR experiences.

UX Design for Virtual Reality is taught by UX expert Frank Spillers, CEO and founder of the renowned UX consultancy Experience Dynamics. Frank is an expert in the field of VR and AR, and has 22 years of UX experience with Fortune 500 clients including Nike, Intel, Microsoft, HP, and Capital One.

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Users will be more comfortable if they aren't constantly forced to swivel their heads. This is true in all Extended Reality (XR) platforms. Place important content in front of them. The ideal horizontal placement for content is within 30 degrees off-center on either side. More than 30 degrees from the center is strenuous on the neck and shouldn't be used often. Content beyond 50 degrees is physically impossible for most people.

Context Awareness: Integrate digital elements with the real world smoothly and safely. Ensure that important information or interactions don’t require users to move their heads excessively.

In UI design, FoV impacts how and where information is presented. A larger FoV allows for more content and interactive elements to be displayed without causing discomfort or disorientation.

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Here’s the entire UX literature on Field of View (FOV) in Extended Reality by the Interaction Design Foundation, collated in one place:

UX design for Augmented Reality (AR) has some different guidelines than what is used for screen-based UX. Designers must consider the space and the physical limits of what is comfortable for the human body. Also, as AR overlays physical space, you must be very aware of the cognitive load because you add to the existing distractions of the real world.

Avoid abrupt movements and be mindful of people's reflexive reactions. For example, users will react to objects that fly toward their faces. If you need to bring content to or from the user, move it slowly and smoothly toward them for the most comfort.

Maximize Immersion: Aim for a wide FoV, between 90 degrees and 110 degrees, to enhance the feeling of presence and immersion. Design content that leverages this breadth and encourages users to explore the environment.

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Motion Sickness: Users might suffer motion sickness if there’s a mismatch between what the user sees and what they expect to see based on their movements. Hence it is vital that the FoV setting in VR matches the user’s natural FoV.

It’s easier to achieve a broader view in VR, as a designer can render a fully digital environment. However, it does require more powerful processing, which can lead to bulkier VR headsets. Designers should aim to strike a balance between immersion, realism and comfort for their users.

Consider situations where a user can move closer or farther from your content. While seated, the optimal distance is critical, as the user can't adjust the distance themselves. A walkable experience can be more flexible with distance, but ensure your content works best in the optimal view distance.

Field of View (FoV) in extended reality (XR) refers to the extent of the observable, virtual or augmented world that is visible through a headset or device at a given moment. FoV is like the visible area you can see through a pair of binoculars.

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Increasing FoV presents technical challenges such as the need for more powerful processing to render wider scenes, potential distortions at the edges of the display, and the requirement for more advanced optics, which can increase the cost and complexity of the headset.

Allow the user to see the world in the background. AR users don't expect to be fully immersed without warning. It may be unsettling or dangerous to obscure their whole environment with content.

Use shorter animations than you would in a desktop or VR experience. Remember that AR is for short bursts of activity and design around distractions.

In virtual reality (VR), a wider FoV means you can see more of the virtual world at once, which can make it feel more real and immersive. In augmented reality (AR), digital images are overlaid onto the real world, so the FoV determines how much of your surroundings can have these digital enhancements. Essentially, FoV is the window to the virtual or augmented world.

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Read more about spatial design for AR in Creating Augmented and Virtual Realities: Theory & Practice for Next-Generation Spatial Computing.

To reach the ideal FoV, designers have to consider the average head rotation, which is about 30 degrees to each side from the center. Content shouldn’t be placed beyond this range, as neck rotations further than that are uncomfortable for most people. Vertical content placement is equally vital. Most content should be positioned around the horizon line or slightly above, within a 40-degree angle downwards and about 10 degrees upwards from the horizon to ensure it falls within the user’s comfortable line of sight.

Despite unlimited screen size in AR/VR, designers must recognize human physical limits to deliver a smooth experience.. For an optimal user experience, it’s important to position content within a comfortable visual range to avoid excessive head-turning. This approach minimizes fatigue and ensures users don’t miss key animations or audio cues. For activities like conversations with virtual characters or watching extended animations, keep the content within a natural range of motion.

VR typically requires a larger FoV for an immersive experience, as it replaces the real world with a virtual one. AR, on the other hand, overlays digital information onto the real world, so a smaller FoV may be sufficient.

Because of how it interacts with physical space, AR needs to follow specific guidelines to make an experience that isn't unpleasant for viewers.

Avoid timed challenges, like limited window rewards that are only available for a few seconds. This is primarily a safety issue, but it is also a good idea because these can be easy to miss if the user is looking elsewhere.

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Place your AR experiences in the most comfortable viewing angles to make users more relaxed and less tired. Remember that other factors might adjust the viewing angles and ideal distance.

Take a deep dive into Field of View (FOV) in Extended Reality with our course UX Design for Virtual Reality .

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Immersion: In VR, a wider FoV makes the virtual world feel more encompassing and realistic, as it fills more of the user’s natural field of vision. This can make users feel like they are truly “inside” the virtual world. On the other hand, a limited FoV can lead to a “tunnel vision” effect, where the user is constantly reminded that they are looking through a device.

Design for context intelligence: Have your program sense and respond to the environment. Use space to trigger new content automatically when the user gets near.

In 9 chapters, we’ll cover: conducting user interviews, design thinking, interaction design, mobile UX design, usability, UX research, and many more!

FoV plays a critical role in immersive storytelling in VR and AR by determining how much of the virtual world is visible to the user, thus affecting the narrative and engagement level.

Remember that every human body is different, so give the user tools to adjust their field of view if they have neck pain or other conditions. Above all, you want to ensure the user has everything they need to be comfortable with your product.

A wider FoV can enhance spatial perception in virtual environments—it makes the experience more immersive and realistic by aligning more closely with human vision.

This content placement strategy is similar to the design of cinemas, theaters, and concert venues. Distance is also a key factor; ideal content placement is between 1.25 and 5 meters away. This range ensures all elements and animations are clearly visible and appropriate animation triggering (the initiation of animations or interactive elements based on the user’s location and actions within a specific distance range). Content shouldn’t be placed too close as it could lead to discomfort or immersion-breaking issues, for example, 3D models might intersect the user.

Read more about spatial design for AR in Creating Augmented and Virtual Realities: Theory & Practice for Next-Generation Spatial Computing.

Consider Peripheral Vision: In VR, use peripheral areas for non-essential or ambient information, which can enhance immersion without causing discomfort.

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An optimal FoV ensures a successful XR experience. The optimal FoV depends on what medium or device a user will experience the product. Here are key strategies and considerations to achieve a user-friendly and immersive experience.

Virtual reality is a multidimensional universe that invites you to bring stories to life, transform digital interactions, educate with impact and create user-centric and unforgettable experiences. This course equips you with the skills and knowledge to embrace the possibilities and navigate the challenges of virtual reality.

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FoV interacts with other sensory feedback (like audio, haptics) to create a cohesive experience. The synchronization of the visual field with other sensory inputs is crucial for maintaining immersion and reducing disorientation or motion sickness.

Respect user spatial memory: Don’t overwhelm users with multiple interactions simultaneously. Instead, use contextual tutorials, which tell the user what they need to know in the moment.

FoV in AR typically ranges from 30 to 50 degrees. This narrower scope is due to the complexities of overlaying digital images onto the real world, a process that involves sophisticated optics and display technology. This limited FoV can constrain immersion but is generally sufficient for practical AR applications like data overlay or navigation assistance.

Expect interruptions: AR is highly interruptible. Don't make experiences with uninterruptible content like long videos or animations, especially if they cannot be paused. Allow the user to drop in and out of the experience quickly. It’s very similar to how mobile apps work.

While you design, consider whether the user is sitting, reclining, standing, or walking. While walking, you generally want users to face the direction they are walking in. While seated, the user may be more comfortable but unable to turn their whole body unless they adjust their seat. If possible, have your content automatically adjust for these different scenarios, and adjust once the user is in motion.

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In lesson 1, you’ll immerse yourself in the origins and future potential of VR and you’ll learn how the core principles of UX design apply to VR.

Work with Developers and Engineers: Collaborate closely with technical teams to understand the limitations and possibilities of the hardware, and to implement designs effectively.

Direct manipulation: Use natural interactions—for example, simple hand gestures like pressing a button, rotating, or grabbing an object. Use eye tracking or triggers based on the user's proximity. AR is not a suitable medium to flip through menus in, so make interactions as simple and intuitive as possible.

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These rules apply primarily to content that moves with the user's gaze, like a heads-up display. If you have a scene in front of the user, ensure the main content doesn't exceed these areas. Otherwise, they might miss something when they turn their bodies. For example, you don't want two scenes playing simultaneously on either side of the user. Additionally, if the user uses a phone instead of a headset, the holograms might be cut off, breaking immersion.

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