Ben Marcus is a public relations specialist at CG Life and a co-editor-in-chief of Science Unsealed. He received his Ph.D. in neuroscience from the University of Chicago.

With July of this year, 2023, being the hottest on Earth yet recorded, there are increasing concerns about how climate change will shape the next several decades. We often hear about how climate change will increase disastrous weather events, decimate crops, and...

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Whether you're casually browsing and researching or shopping for your next car, Edmunds is here to help. We make car buying easy. Tap into a huge selection of new and used vehicles near you. Unlock instant savings and find available incentives. Let our experts guide you. Read reviews and see what others nearby paid for your perfect car. Buy with confidence. Estimate monthly payments and know what dealers will offer for your trade-in. Named one of the top 10 car-buying apps by Nerdwallet and Marketwatch! We draw on decades of automotive experience to leverage our extensive network of new car and used car dealers to help save you thousands. Browse our used cars for sale and new cars for sale today and let us know what you think.With this app you can:BROWSE THE LARGEST SELECTION OF NEW & USED CARS LISTINGSSearch our network of nationwide inventory. Narrow down your search with our extensive filters including: price range, new/used/cpo, exterior and interior colors, years, model type, body type, trim, options & packages, features, Edmunds deal ratings, Edmunds special offers, engine, transmission, drive train, fuel type, and vehicle history. We show you the best matches first!VIEW PRICING, VEHICLE HISTORY, & INSTALLED FEATURES/OPTIONS ON INVENTORY LISTINGSSee a detailed price analysis including whether we think it's a great, good, or fair deal as well as the average price paid for new cars. We strengthen your negotiating power by letting you know how long a car has been on the lot and history of any price changes. For used and cpo cars, we let you know owner, accident and usage history as well as if buyback protection is provided (where available). View all installed options and corresponding prices on the listing details page.GET SPECIAL OFFERS AND PRICE QUOTESText, call or connect with dealers to check availability or obtain an Edmunds special offer to save up to thousands off MSRP.SAVE YOUR FAVORITESSave your searches as well as your favorite cars for sale to quickly get back to them at any time.CALCULATE PAYMENTSUse our extensive loan and lease payment calculators to quickly determine your monthly payment before heading to the dealer.RESEARCHRead Edmunds' expert reviews on thousands of cars and check out our latest videos all in the app. See the latest incentives, consumer reviews, safety ratings, features and specs, True Cost to Own® and photo galleries all on the research tab. You can also write a review for a car right in the app!APPRAISE YOUR CARFind out the trade-in, private party, and dealer retail prices for your car.FIND A DEALERBrowse our massive dealer network to find the best dealer near you. Check out sales and service reviews. Call, text, or get directions to the dealership. Check out hours of operation as well as various amenities the dealer has to offer.CAN IT FIT?Before heading to the dealer, see if a car will fit in your space! Our AR garage experience lets you visualize most cars in your space and will let you know if it fits!ON THE LOTGet notified of unlocked special offers when you enter a dealer lot. Search vins, stock numbers, colors, models or years to locate your car on a dealer lot.COMPAREQuickly compare cars side-by-side on data points such as price, consumer reviews, Edmunds rating, engine, horsepower, torque, transmission, drive train, EPA mileage, range, fuel capacity, included features, warranty, cargo capacity, seating capacity, and vehicle dimensions.Let us know what you think! If you need help or just have a suggestion or feedback, tap the help button on the settings screen.

Black and white film contains one layer of silver halide crystals: when light hits the crystals it causes the silver and the halide to break apart, leaving behind metallic silver. The metallic silver makes the film turn dark when it’s developed. Color film contains multiple layers of silver halide, and each layer is sensitive to a different color of light.

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To capture color photographs, the image sensor in a DSLR is typically covered by what’s a called a Bayer filter. This is a light filter that lays on top of the photosensor and, like a stained glass window in the ceiling of a room, only lets one color into each photosite. A Bayer filter, in particular, is a pretty simple design: it lets red light into a quarter of the photosites, blue into another quarter, and green into the remaining half, in a beautifully patterned array (see below). The photosites know which color they’re supposed to receive, so when light hits each one, the camera is able to calculate the levels of each color individually.

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Science Art exists on a continuum. At one end of the spectrum is scientific illustration. This is art in the service of science used to teach concepts or visualize big ideas. At the other end is art inspired by science: plenty of art flash but short on science....

You may be asking, “if each photosite only collects either red, green, or blue, then how can a camera produce a photograph with more than just those colors?” Well, I know I said the camera measures the amount of light in each photosite individually, but to determine the true color of the light, it actually looks at multiple photosites at one time. Specifically, it analyzes a 2×2 square of photosites: it compares the relative levels of red, green, and blue among them, performs some calculations, and translates this information into the true color of the image. This 2×2 square forms a single pixel.

The only time you can control the megapixel number and size of your image sensor is when you buy your camera or phone. Once you choose a camera to purchase, you’ve decided how much your camera can help you produce a quality image. But there are a lot more factors that go into taking a good photograph, beyond the capabilities of you camera. The rest is up to you.

Feb 21, 2019 — CZ is an acronym for cubic zirconia, a man-made stone used in place of diamonds. Compare sizes and shapes of CZ with our handy charts.

In Part II, I describe the features of a SLR camera that you can control, which will help you capture a beautiful photograph.

Erectile dysfunction devices such as pumps, constriction devices, and prescription oral phosphodiesterase inhibi- tors are commonly known treatments for ...

The developer, Edmunds Inc., indicated that the app’s privacy practices may include handling of data as described below. For more information, see the developer's privacy policy.

The iPhone X and the Canon Rebel T3 DSLR camera, for instance, both contain 12 megapixels, but they produce images of vastly different quality. Why? The photosensors in an iPhone are only about 6×5 mm in area; meanwhile, the Canon Rebel’s sensor is about 22×15 mm in area, over 10 times as big (see the diagram on the right). For the same amount of photosites to fit on each sensor, those on the iPhone sensor have to be 10 times smaller than their counterparts in the Canon camera. This means the iPhone sensor captures 10 times less light. It’s only with a large photosensor, which leaves room for larger photosites, that a camera can make good use of the megapixels it contains.

Generally speaking, the size of the film affects the quality of your image – the bigger the film is, the more detail you can get. Old reel-to-reel movie cameras used 8mm film, a typical film SLR camera uses 35mm film, and IMAX cameras use 70mm film!

When point-and-shoot digital cameras first came out, digital camera manufacturers boasted about the number of megapixels their cameras contained, because the number of megapixels determines the resolution of the resulting photograph. Indeed, with more megapixels, a photographer can collect more information from the light it captures and print up larger photographs without worrying that they’ll see a “pixelated” image.

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Everyone has a digital camera on their phone these days, but you, the aspiring photographer, might be thinking it’s time to summon the courage and upgrade to a higher-end camera. But if you browse the cameras on Amazon, you might notice that with higher quality comes more and more specs – odd strings of letters and numbers that make no sense to you. “What in all heck do ISO, megapixels, and f-stop mean?” you ask. Then, you head to a store to try one out. You gravitate towards one that’s within your price range, you pick it up, and you snap a picture. But as you press down on the shutter button, you hear a series of clicks and whirs. “I thought this thing was digital! What are all of those sounds?” you continue wondering. Then, you suddenly realize you know a lot less about how cameras work than you thought.

As many others have pointed out, while this is a great app for Americans, it is completely useless for Canadians. When you search for a car, only American dealers and locations come up. Information is in Imperial, not metric, and there is little if any information that is of use to Canadians.I have no idea why this app is even being offered in Canada. Given how many comments there are in the review section from Canadians asking for a Canadian version for many, many years now, and seeing no response whatsoever from the App developer and no update to include Canadian content, I can only assume that they mistakenly included their app on the Canadian App Store. And since Canada is not their target market, they could care less how frustrated Canadian users are and do nothing about it.

Like traditional film, a digital SLR’s photosensor, also known as an image sensor, is sensitive to light. But instead of using silver halide crystals to capture light, it uses a field of thousands of microscopic cavities called photosites. Each photosite is like a cubicle at an office, where data is analyzed and interpreted. When you open the camera shutter to expose the photosites to light, each one collects photons (light particles). When the shutter closes, the photosites get covered up, which gives each site a chance to analyze the light it took in. The amount of light particles the photosite takes in translates into the size of the electrical signal it sends into the camera, and ultimately, the brightness of each spot on the final image.

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But a large number of megapixels does not necessarily guarantee a high-quality image. Image quality also depends on how big the pixels are. The more megapixels a manufacturers tries to pack onto a photosensor, the smaller the individual photosites have to become so they can all fit. If the photosites are too small, they cannot capture enough light to produce a quality image.

Energy is one of the most important resources for humanity in the 21st century, and electricity is the most common form of energy.[1] The primary sources of electricity generation in the US include, but are not limited to, natural gas, nuclear fission, solar and wind....

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That’s okay. I started out that way too. A camera’s mechanics are rather complex, and the way they translate all of those odd sounds and numbers into pictures involve some pretty hefty engineering. In this two-part series, I’ll try to take the mystery out of cameras and explain how they work, from lens to film and photosensor. Follow me as I travel through a single lens reflex (SLR) camera, the kind of camera used by most professional photographers today.

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Lasers are key components of many of the products that we use every day. Consumer products like Blu-Ray and DVD players rely on laser technology to read ...

Since 1985 we have been building and designing lasers and hardware designed for the lumber industry and other industrial applications. ... Line Voltage Lasers ...

On April 8th, 2024, a total solar eclipse will sweep across North America, from Mexico to the Maine-Canadian border. For those who experienced the spectacular solar eclipse of 2017, this one will be similar, crossing the United States from west to east and passing through or near several major metropolitan areas. And while its path is quite different this time, Carbondale, Illinois, a reasonable destination for Chicago-area residents, will once again be on the line of totality.

When you’re ready to snap a picture and hit the button, the mirror swings upward and blocks light from entering the viewfinder, while at the same time, opening up a tunnel that allows light to pass straight through the lens, through the now-open shutter (3), and onto the capture medium (4), whether it’s film (in a traditional camera) or photosensor (in a digital camera). It’s a very simple setup of light and mirrors.

Telescope Parts Names and Function of Telescope · 1. Optical Tube · 2. Eyepiece · 3. Focuser · 4. Finderscope · 5. Star Diagonal · 6. Mount · 7. Tripod.

While the mechanics of a SLR camera are fairly straightforward, this is where the similarities between film and digital SLR camera ends.

It all starts with the lens (1). When light enters the lens, it passes through and hits a mirror (2) that’s sitting across the way at a 45 degree angle. The mirror directs the light upwards towards a compartment called a pentaprism (7), where it bounces around a bit until it finds its way to the viewfinder in your camera (8) – letting you see what the lens is pointing at. (Why a pentaprism and not another mirror? The mirror would deliver an upside down image to your viewfinder, while a pentaprism keeps it upright.)

Just a little background on eclipses:  Lunar and solar eclipses are not uncommon – they each occur about twice a year when the moon is crossing the ecliptic, the path of the sun in the sky.

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Simple enough, right? But at this point, the photosites can’t distinguish one color of light from another. To a photosensor, light is light; a photon is a photon. Without any more information than this, all you’d get is black and white images.

Traditional cameras capture images on film, which is made of a plastic sheet covered with a layer of gelatin (the same stuff that’s in gummy bears). The gelatin contains light-sensitive crystals made of a chemical called silver halide (see diagram below). Silver halide is what it sounds like: an atom of silver bound to a halide.

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All SLRs capture images the same way, whether the image emblazons itself on film or encodes itself on a memory card. As I explain the anatomy of a camera, use the diagram below as your guide:

May 20, 2019 — Almost Anything Indoors. Because they're fairly wide, 35mm lenses can pretty easily be used to photograph people indoors, whereas with 50mm ...

Nov 6, 2024 — The 12mm white ceramic glass filter tip has become increasingly popular among smokers seeking a cleaner, more refined experience.

IR LEDs. The IR LED (Infrared Light-Emitting Diode) is a SSL (Solid State Lighting) type of LED diode that sends out the light with a longer wavelengths than ...

Oct 22, 2024 — UV sunglasses are glasses designed to protect the eyes from the ultraviolet radiation produced by the sun. They are protective eyewear made to ...