PICVISA developed an automated textile sorting machine that integrates a Specim FX17 camera along with several complementary technologies and AI. According to Daniel Carrero, product manager of PICVISA, “NIR HSI is a game-changer. It enables us to identify materials and compositions of garments for preselection before recycling, providing a complete analysis with excellent spectral resolution.”

Figure 12: The Specim FX17 allows pharmaceutical companies to check for contaminants and ensure that each type of tablet has the correct composition of ingredients in the right quantities.

Certain materials can be detected specifically in the near-infrared range between 900 to 1700 nm due to organic compounds’ unique molecular vibrations and absorbance characteristics within this wavelength range.

Figure 13: NIR hyperspectral cameras, such as the Specim FX17, offer a solution by capturing high-resolution spectroscopic data across the entire width of the film.

NIR HSI has many benefits over traditional color and filter cameras and point spectrometers. Hyperspectral imaging enables comprehensive, rapid, and non-destructive inspection of large areas or multiple samples. This is particularly important in the food industry, where high throughput, real-time monitoring, and hygiene are essential.

4. The survey used a stratified sampling method to ensure representation across different age groups and educational backgrounds.

Water absorption in the NIR spectral range is a significant phenomenon with implications in various scientific and technological fields. In the NIR range, water molecules absorb light due to overtones and combinations of the fundamental vibrational modes of water (stretching and bending motions of the H-O-H molecule). The absorption bands are primarily observed around 760 nm, 970 nm, 1200 nm, 1450 nm, and 1940 nm.

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As shown in Figure 6, with an RGB camera it’s challenging to distinguish between fat and meat and contaminants such as plastic or wood. However, NIR HSI accurately identifies these contaminants and detect the fat’s location in the meat, as their spectral signatures differ.

14. The Ansys software was used for simulating the 3D electric field distributions of the impedance sensor in stratified flow. (翻译:利用Ansys进行了阻抗传感器油水水平分层条件下的三维电场仿真研究。)

SWIR camera

Figure 2: NIR hyperspectral cameras identify different materials in real-time based on their unique spectral “fingerprints”.

Figure 5: Powered by NIR HSI camera, the PICVISA machine ensures precise classification of endless combinations of fibers and colors.

Another relevant application for the NIR spectral range is inspecting heat-sealed packaging. If a contaminant is present at the sealing point, it could cause a leak, potentially spoiling the product inside.

Near-infrared (NIR) sensors capture and analyze light within the 900 to 1700 nm wavelength range, which is beyond visible light, and can assess object details that are not detectable by the human eye. Hyperspectral cameras and sensors operating in the NIR region are increasingly being adopted in research labs and industrial machine vision. Applications such as plastic and textile sorting, food and pharmaceutical quality control, and thin-film thickness and moisture measurement demonstrate the value and versatility of NIR hyperspectral imaging (HSI).

NIR hyperspectral imaging also allows for identifying the composition of textile products, as different fibers have unique spectral characteristics. Separating different textile materials is complicated because they contain various raw materials and combinations of natural and synthetic fibers. NIR hyperspectral imaging has revolutionized textile sorting for PICVISA, a Spanish company specializing in optical sorting, robotics, AI, and deep learning.

Figure 1: NIR hyperspectral imaging captures spectral information within the 900 to 1700 nm wavelength range in the electromagnetic spectrum.

10. The effects of the physicalchemical characteristics of the liquids and the oilwater twophase stratified flow on the separating process were fully considered in this model. (翻译:该模型充分考虑了油水两相的物性以及两相分层流动对分离过程的影响。)

1. These vary in size, some being fine, delicate, and branny, as in eczema and ichthyosis, while still others are stratified, as in psoriasis. (翻译:鳞屑大小不一，有的细小如糠状，如湿疹和鱼鳞病的鳞屑；还有的成层状，如银屑病的鳞屑。)

In pharmaceutical inspection and analysis, the NIR range is particularly useful for ensuring the quality and composition of medications for safety and efficacy. NIR HSI has been successfully applied for monitoring various types of active ingredients, even through blister packaging. HSI is an especially valuable inspection method when pharmaceutical products, e.g., tablets or powder, are visually identical.

NIR HSI is also helpful in inspecting the thickness of thin films and coatings. NIR HSI can enhance thin-film efficiency and coating quality control systems, offering 100% in-line inspection for improved quality and waste reduction, which enables faster and more comprehensive inspection compared to current solutions based on point spectrometers that provide only partial monitoring.

NIR HSI can be used to sort plastics efficiently for recycling, achieving high purity rates. While short-wave (SWIR) and middle-wave (MWIR) infrared HSI cameras can also sort plastic, the NIR sensors are typically the most cost-efficient solution for plastic sorting and can sort the most common plastics (Figure 3). In the case of black plastics, the Specim FX50 MWIR HSI camera is the only viable solution.

NIRcamera sensor

Figure 7: The Specim FX17 unveils hidden flaws in meat, such as pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) defects, as well as defects in bones and tendons.

9. As a specific instability of rock slope, an antidip stratified rock slope is different from the sliding one, and the failure mechanism has not been clarified yet. (翻译，反倾层状岩质边坡滑动不同，失效机理尚未完全阐明。)

Figure 3: The Specim FX17 NIR HSI camera can distinguish the most common polymer materials, including PE, ABS, PVC, PS, PA, PP, and PET.

Nir camerascost

NIR imaging goes beyond what we can see, allowing the detection of contamination like melted grease hidden in sealed packages. The human eye would typically miss this invisible contamination. Conventional RGB imaging would be ineffective if the melted grease were positioned behind an opaque printing area on the packaging. However, the greater penetration depth of the NIR HSI can detect it, highlighting the technology’s power for quality and safety checks. A successful case was reported by Minebea that used the Specim FX17 in combination with X-ray imaging to achieve this.

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Prodecologia, a Ukrainian machine builder, has developed a NIR separator employing a Specim FX17 camera, which identifies, sorts, and separates different types of polymers, enhancing the efficiency of the polymer recycling process. Despite the complexity of polymer processing and the diversity of recyclable polymers, Prodecologia has achieved polymer purity scores greater than 98% with the NIR HSI technology. The Prodecologia’s NIR separator separates plastics such as PET, PVC, PE, and PP. It has a 600–700 kg/h capacity for a mix of PP and PE and 500–600 kg per hour for PET flakes.

Figure 11: NIR hyperspectral imaging can detect melted grease in heat-sealed areas of packages that are undetectable by the human eye. (Image courtesy of Minebea)

Hyperspectral cameras combine imaging and spectroscopy. Hyperspectral cameras acquire hyperspectral data cubes, gathering spectral and spatial information pixel by pixel. Each pixel yields a spectral signature, providing unique “fingerprints” for different materials. The technology aids in classification and analysis, discerning distinct materials and their properties based on their spectral characteristics.

NIR hyperspectral imaging has been proven helpful across various industries, significantly improving inspection, sorting, and analysis processes. Hyperspectral imaging provides real-time information about the manufacturing process, helping ensure compliance with regulations, reduce costs, and improve quality.

NIRCamera Module

NIRCamera USB

例句:These vary in size, some being fine, delicate, and branny, as in eczema and ichthyosis, while still others are stratified, as in psoriasis. (鳞屑大小不一，有的细小如糠状，如湿疹和鱼鳞病的鳞屑；还有的成层状，如银屑病的鳞屑。)

In addition to the examples provided in this article, NIR hyperspectral imaging offers a spectrum of possibilities for accurate and real-time inspection for various scientific and industrial use cases.

NIRcamera Raspberry Pi

In this article, we explain NIR sensors’ role in hyperspectral cameras and spectral imaging and elucidate the capabilities and advantages of NIR hyperspectral imaging technology when successfully applied in industrial settings.

NIR spectroscopy is used in the textile and fiber industry also to control quality and analyze parameters such as fiber composition, moisture content, dye concentration, and other properties.

Figure 8: Alpma uses the Specim FX17 mounted on a robotic arm with illumination that moves around large blocks of cheese to detect defects and contaminants such as thin plastic residues and mold.

The intensity of absorption varies with the wavelength. For instance, at 1450 nm, water exhibits a strong absorption peak, making the NIR wavelength particularly useful for detecting water content in various substances. This property of water absorption in the NIR range is exploited in numerous applications, including remote sensing, agriculture, food, paper, wood, cosmetics industries, and biomedical imaging, among others.

4. The sweat glands-like structure expressed both CEA and CK18, the stratum basale of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium wase CK19 and CK10 positive. (翻译:免疫组化的结果表明汗腺样结构分别呈CEA和CK 18阳性，而角化复层扁平上皮的基底层细胞分别呈CK19和CK 10阳性。)

NIR HSI is employed in the food industry for sorting, grading, quality control, and authentication purposes. NIR HSI facilitates the accurate and dependable assessment of chemical composition and identification of foreign objects by leveraging the distinct spectral patterns inherent to each material. Various food properties — such as moisture, fat, protein, sugar content, and other nutritional parameters — have unique light reflection properties within the NIR spectral range.

1. 意思解释方面：Stratified 这个单词的意思是“分层的，分级的”。在不同层次或者不同类别中进行分类或者分层，以达到更准确的分类或者数据分析的目的。2. 学术应用方面：在学术领域，Stratified Sampling（分层抽样）是一种常用的调查方法。它指将样本按照某些特征分成若干层，然后从每层中分别抽取合适比例的样本。3. 地质学领域方面：Stratified是地质学领域中的一个术语，指由不同的地层或岩石层构成的结构。这种结构常常出现在像河流底部这样的自然环境中，但是在地球各个角落都可以找到。例句：1. Stratified sampling method is commonly used in social research.分层抽样法在社会研究中很常见。2. The city is stratified according to wealth, with the poorest living in one area and the richest in another.这个城市按照财富分层，最贫穷的住在一个区域，最富裕的住在另一个区域。3. The geologist explained how the stratified rocks had been formed.地质学家解释了分层岩石如何形成。4. The survey used a stratified sampling method to ensure representation across different age groups and educational backgrounds.调查采用分层抽样方法，以确保在不同年龄和教育背景的群体中具有代表性。5. The company is adopting a stratified approach to the organization, with clear hierarchies and job titles.公司采用分层组织的方法，有明确的层次和职务名称。stratified的意思是分层的。中文翻译：分层的；分层的读音：[ˈstrætɪfaɪd]例句：1. The company is stratified into different departments. (这家公司被分成不同的部门。)2. The stratified rocks are distinct in color and texture. (分层的岩石在颜色和纹理上有所区别。)stratified在中文中有"形成阶层的、分为不同等级的"的意思，其中文解释还有"的过去分词"的意思，读音为['strætifaid]，在英语中以形容词出现较多，在《英语汉语大辞典》中，共找到15个与stratified相关的句子。Stratified的中文翻译1.形成阶层的例句:There is no doubt that the dynamics between wave and topography interaction is considerably more complicated a stratified fluid. (毫无疑问，在层结流体中波和地形间相互作用的动力学过程要复杂的多。)2.分为不同等级的例句:This research was conducted with stratified random sampling, based on the population proportion of every district in Taipei City. (本研究以台北市各区人口为基础，采分层随机便利抽样方式进行。)3.的过去分词例句:These vary in size, some being fine, delicate, and branny, as in eczema and ichthyosis, while still others are stratified, as in psoriasis. (鳞屑大小不一，有的细小如糠状，如湿疹和鱼鳞病的鳞屑；还有的成层状，如银屑病的鳞屑。)4.使成层、的过去分词例句:Then, the application of MPM to the parameter reconstruction of the stratified media is discussed. (翻译:本文的另外一个重点是研究矩阵束法在分层电介媒质参数反演上的应用。)用法及短语stratified一般作为形容词、动词使用，如在non stratified(un. 非成层的)、stratified alluvium(成层冲积层)、stratified atmosphere(分层大气)等常见短语中出现较多。non stratifiedun. 非成层的stratified alluvium成层冲积层stratified atmosphere分层大气stratified bed分层床stratified cambium叠生形成层stratified cartilages[医] 纤维软骨stratified charge分层进气stratified clot层状血块stratified columnar复层柱状例句1. These vary in size, some being fine, delicate, and branny, as in eczema and ichthyosis, while still others are stratified, as in psoriasis. (翻译:鳞屑大小不一，有的细小如糠状，如湿疹和鱼鳞病的鳞屑；还有的成层状，如银屑病的鳞屑。)2. Then, the application of MPM to the parameter reconstruction of the stratified media is discussed. (翻译:本文的另外一个重点是研究矩阵束法在分层电介媒质参数反演上的应用。)3. EINs are stratified by major kind of business and sales, and randomly selected from each stratum. (翻译:根据主要商业门类和销售额对雇主识别码进行分层，并在每层中随机选取。)4. The sweat glands-like structure expressed both CEA and CK18, the stratum basale of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium wase CK19 and CK10 positive. (翻译:免疫组化的结果表明汗腺样结构分别呈CEA和CK 18阳性，而角化复层扁平上皮的基底层细胞分别呈CK19和CK 10阳性。)5. But they could have still looked at it in some sort of depth-stratified way. (翻译:但是他们本可以用某种深度成层的方式研究这个问题。)6. The market for luxury goods and services is highly stratified. (翻译:奢侈品与服务的市场是高度分层的。)7. Feudal society was rigidly stratified. (翻译:封建社会等级森严。)8. If it is two or more cells thick, it is known as stratified epithelium. (翻译:如果是两个或多个单元格厚，它被称为复层上皮。)9. As a specific instability of rock slope, an antidip stratified rock slope is different from the sliding one, and the failure mechanism has not been clarified yet. (翻译，反倾层状岩质边坡滑动不同，失效机理尚未完全阐明。)10. The effects of the physicalchemical characteristics of the liquids and the oilwater twophase stratified flow on the separating process were fully considered in this model. (翻译:该模型充分考虑了油水两相的物性以及两相分层流动对分离过程的影响。)11. Moreover, European society was relatively stratified; occupation and social status were inherited. (翻译:此外，欧洲社会相对来说是分阶层的；职业和社会地位是通过继承得到的。)12. As a result, parts of the dust cloud have become stratified, pointing toward Merope. (翻译:其效果是，部分尘埃云分层指向墨洛珀。)13. Analyses were stratified according to estrogen dose and progestogen type. (翻译:又根据雌激素剂量和孕激素类型对分析进行了分层。)14. The Ansys software was used for simulating the 3D electric field distributions of the impedance sensor in stratified flow. (翻译:利用Ansys进行了阻抗传感器油水水平分层条件下的三维电场仿真研究。)15. Histologically, dentigerous cysts are lined by stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium. (翻译:组织学上含齿囊肿为多层鳞状未角化上皮细胞所覆盖。)近义词&反义词stratified作为形容词、动词的时候，其近义词以及反义词有0、stratify/1、p等。 标签：

例句:This research was conducted with stratified random sampling, based on the population proportion of every district in Taipei City. (本研究以台北市各区人口为基础，采分层随机便利抽样方式进行。)

Figure 9: The Specim FX17 camera and its NIR spectral range proved highly effective in accurately measuring the moisture and fat content of the minced meat.

例句:There is no doubt that the dynamics between wave and topography interaction is considerably more complicated a stratified fluid. (毫无疑问，在层结流体中波和地形间相互作用的动力学过程要复杂的多。)

Figure 10: Wageningen University & Research’s smart All-in-one Spectral Imaging (ASI) laboratory system for automated fresh produce analysis.

One application where water absorption in the NIR spectral range can be leveraged is in measuring moisture and fat content in minced meat (Figure 9).

The analysis of fresh produce is another application where water absorption in the NIR spectral range can be exploited. Wageningen University & Research (WUR) in the Netherlands has developed a stand-alone All-in-One Spectral Imaging (ASI) system based on the VNIR (visible and near-infrared) and NIR hyperspectral cameras to monitor fruit freshness and maturity.