Tracing a Circle with One PrismFor this application, only one prism was mounted in a rotation mount. The incoming beam was deviated off axis by the wedge prism. Once the rotation mount was activated, the wedge prism was spun about the optical axis, which caused the deviated beam to trace out a small circle, as shown in the long-exposure photograph to the right. The radius of this circle can be calculated as:

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This is equation 18 in the Application Note linked above. In this parametric equation, rmax is the radius of this circle (any subsequent shape created by this setup is enclosed by this radius), T is the middle thickness of the fist prism, T' is the effective thickness of prism 2 after the deviated beam travels through it, Φi is the angle created from the beam's incidence on the first surface of the fist prism according to Snell's Law, Φp is the resulting angle the beam takes inside the prism relative to the first surface's normal according to Snell's Law, z is the distance from the second surface of the second prism to the scanning surface, S is the distance between the prisms, and Φo is the beam angle relative to the original optical axis after exiting the second surface of the first prism.

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For the roughness profile, Rq is referred to as the root-mean-square roughness, while Wq is referred to as root-mean-square waviness for the waviness profile.

An Application Note was prepared to describe this process in further detail, and will be referenced periodically here. For a full download of the Application Note, click the button at the upper right of this tab. To the upper right is also a a download for an Excel spreadsheet which can be used to model a Risley Prism Scanner.

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It’s not just a summer hang out though, The Bent Spoon is open all year. If you’re feeling chilly on a frozen NJ winter night, you can pop in there for an incredibly rich hot chocolate with house made marshmallows. There’s a spicy version too that I love. It just thaws you right out. If you’re in the Princeton area, you definitely need to head to Palmer Square and get yourself a sweet treat at The Bent Spoon!

Tracing a Circle with Two PrismsFor this application, the rotation mounts are set so that the wedges of both prisms are aligned to the home position, where both prisms' thickest sections are vertical. Since each prism will deviate the beam by the deviation angle, the total beam deviation for two prisms with the wedges aligned will be approximately twice the size. If both prisms are rotated at the same rate and in the same direction, the beam will trace out a circle which is approximately twice the size of the circle traced out by a single prism. The long-exposure photograph to the right was taken with the prism assembly at the same distance from the screen as the one-prism circle above. Notice that the circle in the two-prism case is about twice the diameter of the one formed with one prism. The radius of this circle can be calculated as:

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Maybe that’s why it appeals to me so much, it’s the best of both the gelato and ice cream worlds! The flavors can change daily based on what they have available, so there is always something new and exciting to try. I’ve tried many of them, but my personal favorite has always been and will always be the lavender mascarpone. It’s floral and velvety smooth, with the mascarpone keeping it from being overly sweet. It’s also insanely creamy.

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Risley prismoptometry

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This is equation 21 in the Application Note linked above; please reference that Application Note or the accompanying spreadsheet for the definitions of these variables. As an example, the long-exposure photograph to the right shows two wedge prisms being used to trace out a spiral. This was realized by first setting the beam to be undeviated, and then having the prisms rotate in the same direction, with one prism set to rotate 0.5 deg/s faster than the other. This, and many other shapes, can be created on the "Third Approx." sheet of the downloadable Excel sheet above. To create this spiral, try inputting 25 deg/s to ω1 (rotation speed of prism 1), 24.5 deg/s to ω2 (rotation speed of prism 2), and 80 seconds to t (run time), with a Δθ (home position offset) of 180 degrees.

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The Bent Spoon is a small store front that is all about Jersey fresh ingredients and pride. The mural along the wall when you first walk in talks about “terroir” loosely meaning “a sense of place” in French. The Bent Spoon takes full advantage of being in The Garden State by sourcing their ingredients from local farmers and producers. It’s a win for everyone involved: the farmers get much needed business and support, and The Bent Spoon gets to use the most fresh and incredible ingredients to make what I will boldly state is the best ice cream I’ve ever had. It’s not technically a gelato since it has the density of ice cream (gelato has less air whipped into it since it is churned at a slower speed than traditional ice cream, so it’s actually more dense). It is served in the style of gelato though, in that it’s softer and not completely frozen like traditional ice cream.

Introduction and SetupWedge prisms are designed to be used, either individually or in a pair, for beam steering applications. This is done by individually controlling the rotation of each prism using our PRM1Z8 motorized rotation stages. The tables below correspond to either the imperial or metric product list for the configuration pictured to the right. Clicking on the item number will bring up a pop-up window with more information about that component.

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On a gorgeous summer night in Princeton, you are likely to find quite a line formed out a door and around Palmer Square. Nope, it’s not for the latest amazing night club or restaurant. The people are queued up for one of life’s greatest warm weather treats, ice cream. The Bent Spoon doesn’t just make ice cream though, they produce creamy, frozen art for the taste buds.

This is equation 9 in the Application Note linked above. In this equation r' is this circle's radius, S is the distance from the last surface of the prism to the scanning surface, T is the center thickness of the prism, Φo is the beam angle relative to the original optical axis after exiting the second surface of the prism, Φi is the angle created from the beam's incidence on the first surface of the prism according to Snell's Law, and Φp is the resulting angle the beam takes inside the prism relative to the first surface's normal according to Snell's Law.

Tracing a Spiral with Two PrismsIt can be shown that a large variety of shapes can be traced while rotating the two prisms at constant speeds. These shapes are dictated by the equation: