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A lens to be mounted under the stage. This lens can adjust the amount of light to uniformly illuminate objects. It is useful for observation at high magnification. There are various types of condenser lenses, ranging from general "abbe condensers" to "achromatic condensers" that correct colour aberration.

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It is important to clean a microscope of dirt, oil, and stains after use because the lens can easily catch dirt, fingerprints, or culture solution during operation.

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Optical microscopes use a combination of objective and ocular lenses (eyepieces) for imaging. The observation magnification is the product of the magnifications of each of the lenses. This generally ranges from 10x to 1,000x with some models even reaching up to 2000x magnification.

The objective lens consists of several lenses to magnify an object and project a larger image. According to the difference of the focal distance, lenses of different magnifications are available, such as 4x, 10x, 40x, and 50x. In addition to the magnification, indexes to show the performance of an objective lens include the numerical aperture and the working distance. Light transmitted through a lens generates colour aberration (colour bleeding), which has a different refractive index according to the wavelength. To prevent this, the following lenses have been developed:

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The total observation magnification is represented by the product of the magnifications of the objective and ocular lenses. For example, an objective lens of 20x and an ocular lens of 10x make the total magnification 200x.A magnification of 1x refers to the status where an object is viewed with the eye from a distance of 250 mm. 250 mm is regarded as the distance that can be viewed most easily by the human eye. This is called the distance of distinct vision. The magnification of an ocular lens is obtained by dividing the distance of distinct vision by the focal length of the lens.

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A lens to be mounted on the observer side. The image magnified by the objective lens is further magnified by the ocular lens for observation. An ocular lens consists of one to three lenses and is also provided with a mechanism, called a field stop, that removes unnecessary reflected light and aberration.Different types are available according to the magnification they provide, such as 7x and 15x. In addition to magnification, the performance of a lens is represented by the field number, which shows the range of the field-of-view. As opposed to objective lenses, the higher the magnification of the ocular lens, the shorter the length. The following lenses are available according to the structure of the field stop or application: