The goal of a laser alignment tool is to ensure the two coupled shafts are aligned; that is, their center lines have a common axis (coaxial). Modern laser alignment tools have a big advantage over traditional alignment tools like a straight edge, optics and dial indicators. They consist of two sensors (a laser emitter and a receiver), brackets, rods, chains and a display unit. Let's break down the different components of a laser alignment tool.

On some listings you may see the option of milky white or smoky grey diffusers, but in my testing I wouldn’t even call the smoky grey version a diffuser. It does hide the LED strip when the power isn’t on, but you can see that once they do turn on the entire strip and every LED is visible. On left is 60 LEDs per meter with deep black channel and a smoky gray diffuser, and on the right is deep black channel with a milky white diffuser. The craziest part about this is that they both result in about the same amount of brightness reduction which is around 58%.

Starting out with 30 LEDs per meter you can see the shallow channel on the left and the deep channel on the right and as we would expect, the deep channel does a significantly better job diffusing light at each brightness level, but the dots are still visible. At 60LEDs per meter the deep channel is really close to achieving the perfectly diffuse look, and at 144 LEDs per meter all the hotspots are gone. So for the most diffuse look there’s no question that deep channels are significantly better than shallow channels but there is a drawback. I also measured the drop in brightness compared to no diffuser at all, and on average the deep channel led to a 36% drop in brightness vs only 22% for the shallow channel, so if you’re just looking for a channel to conceal or mount your LEDs and they won’t be directly visible than shallow channels are the way to go.

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For channel types we’ve got shallow unfinished aluminum, deep unfinished aluminum, deep black aluminum, 45 degree deep unfinished aluminum and 45 degree shallow unfinished aluminum.

Next, lets see how the deep channel with the spotless diffuser compares to the tented diffuser. At 30 LEDs per meter the advantage definitely goes to the spotless diffuser, but at 60 LEDs per meter it’s a bit of a toss up, because even though the spotless diffuser on the right does a slightly better job giving that completely spotless look it does cause a brightness reduction of 56% vs just 35% brightness reduction with the tented diffuser, plus the tented diffuser also gives some side profile light which I think looks pretty neat. At 144 LEDs per meter they are both completely spotless but as expected the tented diffuser is significantly brighter.

Belt alignment tools, or technically sheave alignment tools, are used to properly align the centerlines of sheave grooves (what the belt runs on) to the proper radial and axial alignment. Because belts are relatively inexpensive, belt or sheave alignment isn't typically considered a major issue; however, misalignment in sheaves can cause other problems in addition to reduced belt life. These problems include:

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While misalignment has no quantifiable effect on motor efficiency, correct alignment does ensure you have a smooth and efficient transmission of power from the motor to the driven equipment, according to research on motor shaft misalignment by the University of Tennessee's Maintenance and Reliability Center (MRC). Misalignment creates excessive vibration and high loads on bearings, mechanical seals, packing and couplings, impacting the operating life of rotating equipment. Other effects of misalignment are:

When it comes to LED strip lighting there are two very different styles. On TikTok you’ve got highly exposed, bare, flashing, um… LED strips, and pretty much everyone else wants soft diffuse light with no hot spots and no visible individual LED dots.

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Properly aligned machines offer improved uptime and a reduction in maintenance costs. Checking for and correcting misalignment is a fairly straightforward process with the help of modern laser alignment tools.

For the diffusers on our flat channels we’ve got flat milky white, curved milky white, flat smoky black and this unique tall milky white diffuser, while on the 45 degree channels we’ve got milky white flat and milky white curved.

Starting out with 30 LEDs per meter, we’ve got the bare aluminum deep channel with flat diffuser on the left and the same bare aluminum deep channel with the spotless diffuser on the right. At 50% and 100% brightness the spotless diffuser doesn’t disappoint and gives as close to a spotless look as you can get with a 30 LED per meter strip. Switching it out for 60LEDs per meter the spotless diffuser lives up to its name again giving us the first time we’ve seen a completely spotless look through all the colors and brightness levels. Unfortunately, the spotless diffuser isn’t available to purchase with a shallow aluminum channel, but for comparison’s sake here’s what that combination looks like at 30 and 60 LEDs per meter, which although not perfect is a huge improvement over the flat diffuser.

The sweet spot for LED density in terms of price, power consumption and aesthetic is definitely 60 LEDs per meter and my two favorite diffusers to use with those strips are the shallow aluminum channel with the tented diffuser and the deep aluminum channel with the spotless diffuser. Between the two the spotless diffuser is slightly more spotless, but the tented diffuser looks better when it’s off, has a better mounting system, less brightness reduction and also gives that side profile light that I think looks pretty cool.

Even though it's quicker and more accurate to align the shaft while the machines are coupled together, sometimes the coupling might need be separated. This might present itself when misalignment causes shaft deflection or bending, when the flexible coupling becomes stiff or when the long shafts protruding from the inboard bearing isn't rigid. To help with uncoupled shaft alignment, some laser alignment tools have built-in inclinometers in the sensors. Others have their own patented technology specific to uncoupled shaft alignment.

Belt or sheave alignment tools vary depending on the brand and type, but generally work by attaching two magnetic V-sensors into the grooves of the sheave. Unlike shaft alignment tools, with these tools you only have two components: a laser-emitting sensor and a receiver unit. The receiving unit uses a 3D target area to detect horizontal, vertical and/or parallel misalignment.

I’ve got two identical channels, one black and one bare aluminum and for control I’ll use the flat diffuser on both. On the left is the black channel, and on the right is the bare aluminum channel and you can see at 30 LEDs per meter neither of them can completely diffuse the LED strips, but the black channel is significantly dimmer than the bare aluminum. At 60 LEDs per meter the unfinished aluminum does a slightly better job at diffusing while maintaining better brightness and the same is true with 144 LEDs per meter. According to my measurements the average brightness reduction for the black deep channel with a flat diffuser was 58% vs just 36% brightness reduction for the bare aluminum channel with flat diffuser. Moral of the story, unless you really need it for your aesthetic, avoid the black channels in favor of bare aluminum.

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Modern laser alignment tools check for three types of misalignment: parallel (offset), angular and a combination of the two. Both of the two main types (parallel and angular) can occur in vertical and horizontal planes.

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Proper coupling alignment can save you from a variety of problems, such as excessive wear and energy consumption, accelerated shaft and coupling failure, and increased vibration. Maintaining alignment requires regular monitoring. Modern laser alignment tools and their accompanying software have made it quite simple to accomplish this.

Once setup is complete, you cannot make adjustments to the sensors or you'll get inaccurate readings. Upon setup, many laser alignment tool displays show you a 3D view of your machine as it takes the three readings while you adjust to the proper positions (9, 12 and 3 o'clock). The user friendliness of most laser alignment software indicates that you've taken an accurate reading at each position. For example, once the sensors are properly in the 9 o'clock position, a button will go from red to green, allowing you to record that measurement.

Axial sheave runout typically means you should check the taper-lock bushing to ensure it is mounted correctly and tightened. It could also mean the shaft is undersized or that the sheave or bushing is bored abnormally.

The Tripoint method calculates the alignment condition by taking measurements at three points while rotating the shaft at least 60 degrees. Unlike the Express method, measurements are taken manually rather than automatically.

Probably the most common type of laser alignment tool on the market, dual laser alignment tools require you to adjust both lasers so they hit the opposite detector. This usually takes more time, requiring a pre-alignment period. Single laser alignment tools, as the name suggests, requires aligning one laser and is sometimes preferred because the distance between the spacer shaft or the distance between the machines doesn't usually affect the measurment. There's also no need for pre-alignment with single laser alignment tools.

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If you’re wondering I did pay full price for all these diffusers and as always there are no sponsored reviews on my channel. However, the links in the description are affiliate links so if you appreciate the time and effort that it takes me to make these videos and you want to show some thanks, then go ahead and use those links because I do get a small portion of the sale at no cost to you.

When you purchase a laser alignment tool, it generally comes in a case with all the components you'll need, such as the display, extension rods, chains, sensors, brackets and user guide. Tool setup varies depending on the brand, type and model you purchase, but most brands are very user friendly. Pre-installed software typically guides you through the steps or setup process for shaft alignment.

Belt or sheave alignment tools help detect three types of misalignment: radial runout of the shaft, radial runout of the sheave and axial runout of the sheave. Radial shaft runout usually means the shaft is bent. If it is bent out of tolerance, the shaft should be replaced.

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So, how much do the tools cost? Price depends on the type of alignment tool (shaft or belt alignment), what's included in the alignment kit and how advanced the tool's features are. For example, a more versatile laser alignment tool with ultra-compact measuring units for very narrow spaces might cost a little more than a standard model. By checking a few major distributor's websites, you can find current pricing for shaft and belt laser alignment tools, such as the following guidelines:

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Laser alignment tools come in user-friendly kits to help you correct multiple types of misalignment. Below we'll discuss how to use a shaft and belt laser alignment tool and more.

The best way to get that second look is with LED diffuser channels but with those you’ve so many choices to make. Is black or silver better? What about deep or shallow? Does the shape of the plastic cover matter? And what LED strip density should you use? Does all that sound overwhelming to you? Well don’t worry, answers to all those questions and a lot more are coming up today on the hook up.

Perhaps unsurprisingly black channels lower brightness and lower diffusion due to their lower overall reflectivity and should be avoided unless you absolutely need them.

As I said If you’ve ever looked on Amazon for LED diffuser channels you know there are a ton of different vendors, styles and colors, but are those things really important? To answer that question once and for all I spent a few hundred dollars to buy basically every variation of LED channel, and every LED strip density to figure out which combinations give you the most diffuse light with the smallest amount of brightness reduction for the least amount of money.

30 led per meter strips on the other hand are really hard to completely diffuse. If you’re using them as indirect light then no diffuser is best since that will give you the most brightness, but if you want to conceal them then a shallow channel and flat diffuser results in the smallest amount of brightness reduction. If you absolutely need to use the 30 LEDs per meter density in a visible location then the bare aluminum deep channel with the curved spotless diffuser did the best job reducing hotspots, but still with less than perfect results and a 56% decrease in brightness.

I’ve also reached out to Muzata, the company that sells most of these diffusers and asked them to produce a spotless version of the 45 degree channel, as well see if they would sell the spotless diffusers on their own for those of us who already have aluminum channels and want to upgrade our diffusers. If that ends up happening I’ll update the links in the description and pin a comment with the updated info.

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The Clock method is more of a dated method and involves taking three measurements at the 9, 12 and 3 o'clock points. The clock method is useful when a machine base is not truly horizontal or vertical, such as when mounted at an angle. It's also useful when a horizontal machine is mounted on a vertical plane.

It's estimated that 50 to 70 percent of vibration issues in rotating machinery are caused by misalignment, according to Texas A&M's OAKTrust study on coupling misalignment forces. In fact, reliability equipment supplier VibrAlign reported that one of its customers found that just over half of their plant's machinery was misaligned to some degree. So, why is shaft alignment a big deal?

Below we'll take a look at how modern laser alignment tools work, the basics of setting up a laser alignment tool and steps to take before aligning your equipment.

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I’ve got 3 different shapes to test: a flat diffuser that sits flush with the top of the channel, a curved diffuser that the manufacturer calls their spotless diffuser which sits above the channel and also has a thicker area near the middle of the curve, and then what I call a tented diffuser that stands up above the channel to give additional height and some side profile light as well. Unfortunately the tented diffuser only fits on the shallow channel that it came with, so I can’t test the deep channel with the tented diffuser.

Performing accurate alignment starts before you even set up your laser alignment tool. These pre-alignment steps and checks are suggested by VibrAlign to ensure your laser alignment tools work properly and accurate alignment is achieved.

The general rule that I’ve always heard is that to avoid individual bright spots your LEDs should be farther away from the diffuser than they are from each other, and most LED strips come in 3 different densities: 30 LEDs per meter, 60 LEDs per meter and 144 LEDs per meter so right away it seems like it might be close to impossible to get a completely diffused look from the 30 LEDs per meter density since using that general rule our diffuser would need to be over 32.5mm tall, but there’s only one way to find out, so lets get testing.

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All these same principles apply to the 45 degree channels, except the curved diffuser version doesn’t have the thicker part near the center like the spotless diffuser does and as a result doesn’t work quite as well. Still the curved diffuser does a significantly better job than the flat diffuser, but neither of them are able to achieve a completely spotless look with 30 or 60 LEDs per meter and the flat diffuser can’t even do it at 144 LEDs per meter.

Once you've confirmed there is no radial runout of the shaft, check for radial sheave runout. If runout is noticed, it's usually due to an abnormally bored sheave or bushing. You should replace the sheave before aligning if this is the case.

Newer technology, such as Pruftechnik's sensALIGN technology, now provides users with thousands of measurement points. This multi-point feature takes hundreds of points at any degree; a continous (SWEEP) mode automatically collects those points.

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When it comes to mounting the sensors, six things matter to obtain an accurate reading: measurement methods, distance, angular relationship (inclinometers), bracket assemblies, mounting location and miscellaneous looseness. Let's discuss a few in more detail.

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