Since the release of USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 USB-C cables, a new generation of USB4 cables was launched, introducing even higher data rates, advanced features, and improved compatibility with Intel’s Thunderbolt standard. Based on the Thunderbolt 3 protocol, USB4 improves maximum cable bandwidth to 40 Gbps – double that of the best USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 cables. It also adds official support and compatibility with Thunderbolt 3 and is supported in turn by Thunderbolt 4, so the latest generations of USB-C cabling are almost completely interchangeable.

Soyun Cho, Mi Hee Shin, Yeon Kyung Kim, Jo-Eun Seo, Young Mee Lee, Chi-Hyun Park and Jin Ho Chung, Effects of Infrared Radiation and Heat on Human Skin Aging in vivo, Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings (2009) 14, 15–19;

USB 3.0TypeC

USB Power Delivery was boosted with this new generation of USB, too, with the latest cables able to transmit up to 100W of power. That makes it possible to quickly charge even big and bulky devices like gaming laptops, as well as tablets and other devices larger than a smartphone.

Technically, USB 3.0, 3.1, and 3.2, are now all known as USB 3.2. To avoid confusion, manufacturers describe their USB products in terms of speed: SuperSpeed USB 5 Gbps, SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbps, or SuperSpeed USB 20 Gbps, depending on the USB version they support. Bear that in mind when buying USB-compatible devices.

To differentiate this higher-speed connector from older USB ports and devices, cables were equipped with a specific SuperSpeed logo, and the ports themselves were often colored blue.

Cable Matters USB 3.0 Type A to B Cable is an indispensable accessory for connecting a desktop external hard drive, scanner &USB docking station with a Type B USB 3.0 port.

Nathalie Cabrol Edmond Grin. Published in Lakes on Mars. Lakes are time capsules. On Earth, they are considered sentinels of climate change (Williamson et ...

The difference between USB 3.0 and 3.1 isn't drastic, but it can make a big difference depending on the devices you own and what you want to do with them. Here's how USB 3.1 vs USB 3.0 fare against one another.

Though it seems that we’re just getting familiar with Thunderbolt 3, it is already time to ask, what is Thunderbolt 4? Performance upgrades are minimal but widespread compatibility is the most promising feature.

The USB 3.1 vs USB 3.0 difference remains almost exclusively bandwidth dependent. Both connectors operate the same whether using a more traditional USB-A or USB-B, or any of the various micro and mini USB connectors. Their generation is what's important, not the connector header.

This means that if they hit a slide, the end ... Rather, the setting is a function of the ... Once the image is sharp with the low power lens, you should be.

Two of the most standout generations of USB in recent years have been USB 3.0 and USB 3.1. Although they were eventually supplanted by USB 3.2 in all its forms, and USB4 beyond that, USB 3.0 and 3.1 devices are still incredibly common, and most desktop computers are still released with a number of USB-A 3.0 connectors.

– “Hotter” does not mean “more comfortable” but it does mean “more energy”. Quartz heaters may be “hotter” at 3 microns than Far Infrared heaters, but these intensities make quarz emitters more suitable to Industrial Drying Applications, not Comfort Heating. Herschel does not recommend the use of Quartz heaters for Comfort Heating. Herschel Far Infrared heaters are more effectively comfortable and consume less energy;

That said, they have been thoroughly supplanted in every way, with the latest generations of USB4 and Thunderbolt cables and ports offering much higher performance numbers, and much better feature lists. Look for these older USB-A connectors and cables to be gradually replaced in the years to come.

– The skin reflects a lot of shortwave energy and does not absorb it effectively. This is a basic defense mechanism to protect the skin from these very hot wavelengths. Shortwave is nontheless very transmissive (i.e. penetrates deeper). Academic research (citations below) recommends skin and eye protection from these very hot wavelengths. Herschel does not recommend the use of Shortwave in Comfort Heating;

Full 20Gbps speeds are only possible with a USB-C cable, owing to the cable’s additional wires and pins, but USB technology didn't stop there.

In the meantime, though, you can grab high-quality USB-A cables right here at Cable Matters, and we stock a wide range of USB-C and other cable types too. Whatever you need, we’re sure to have it.

USB 3.1 arrived five years later and upped the ante again, raising the maximum transfer speed to 10Gbps using the SuperSpeed+ transfer mode. USB 3.1 Gen 2 is fast enough to drive even 10 Gigabit Ethernet connections.

Cable Matters USB 3.1 Type-C to USB 3.0 Micro-B provides essential compatibility with next generation computers equipped with a Type C port.

USB 3.0 speed

Infrared – B is infrared with temperatures of 500 – 800C and wavelengths of 1.4 – 3 microns and is also called middlewave or “Medium” Infrared;

USBTypeC

However, where Thunderbolt 4 mandates a 40 Gbps transfer speed, that’s not always the case with USB4. Although it can support it, not all cables do, so the USB Forum has introduced a new USB 40Gbps logo and certification, so that compatible cables are clearly marked and marketed.

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Some of the highest quality USB4 cables can even offer up to 240W of charging power, making them the fastest, most powerful USB chargers ever created.

Schroeder P, Calles C, Krutmann J. Prevention of infrared-A radiation mediated detrimental effects in human skin. Skin Therapy Letters. 2009 Jun;14(5):4-5.

Since the debut of USB 3.1, USB-IF decided to abandon the USB 3.0 name and use USB 3.1 Gen 1 to replace USB 3.0, both of which support 5Gbps transfer speed.

– The fact that Infrared A is more transmissive in both the skin and eyes overcomes the natural high reflectivity of the skin which is a defence mechanism. Installers and Operators of shortwave infrared must bear in mind the high temperatures of Infrared A and consider the exposure time and distance from the heater.- Schroeder and others indicate Infrared A as being as harmful as UV light in terms of its ageing effects (Schroeder P, Calles C, Krutmann J. Prevention of infrared-A radiation mediated detrimental effects in human skin. Skin Therapy Letters. 2009 Jun;14(5):4-5.)- Eye damage can also occur from prolonged IR-A exposure and goggles and time limits are recommended (Dr. Janet Voke, Radiation effects on the eye, Part 1 – Infrared radiation effects on ocular tissue, Optometry Today, May 1999).In conclusion:– Herschel Far Infrared emits the biologically most significant Comfort Heating wavelengths because skin content is 80% water which only absorbs heat wavelengths from 3 microns and lower (Far Infrared). Far Infrared is therefore better absorbed by the skin, less transmissive and less reflected;

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Usb3 typelaptop

USB-C vs. Thunderbolt 3. You know they’re related but which one is better? Read on to learn whether you should reach for Thunderbolt 3 or can accomplish everything with just USB-C.

The core difference between USB 3.0 and 3.1 is the transfer speed. When it was introduced in 2008, USB 3.0 revolutionized USB bandwidth. USB 3.0 increased the maximum transfer speed to 5Gbps – working out to around 500MB/s in the real world – using its new SuperSpeed transfer mode, a nearly 10-fold increase over its predecessor, USB 2.0.

USB 3.0TypeB

The 3.0 vs 3.1 USB debate was settled for good with the release of USB 3.2. It preserved the existing SuperSpeed and SuperSpeed+ transfer modes of its predecessors and doubled the data transfer channels from a single lane to two lanes, doubling the max transfer rate to 20 Gbps.

The diffraction grating separates the wavelength components of the light by directing each wavelength into a unique output angle. The change in output angle as ...

That was just the first generation of USB4, though. The USB Implementers Forum has announced a USB4 2.0 specification that will raise the bandwidth again to a maximum of 80 Gbps for bi-directional data transfers, or up to 120 Gbps when only sending data in one direction, such as streaming video. That has the potential to open up even higher resolutions and refresh rates, although no devices or cables yet exist which can take advantage of these ultra-high specifications.

Before addressing the main USB 3.0 vs 3.1 debate, it's important to clear up what's being discussed. The organization that promotes and supports USB development, the USB Implementers Forum, retroactively renamed all third-generation USB connections at the release of USB 3.2.

That goes for USB-C connectors too, although you'll typically find USB-C devices support the faster USB 3.1, or even 3.2 standards- not always though. Many USB-C cables marketed as charging cables only support USB 3.0 or even 2.0 speeds.

Dec 8, 2023 — She alleges defendant failed to pay overtime wages and required her to use her personal phone for business purposes without compensation. The ...

Infrared – C is infrared with temperatures of less than 500C and is the final and broadest waveband of 3 microns – 1mm and is also called “Longwave” or Far Infrared.The image shows the spectral output of lamps emitting principally in each of these 3 wavelengths noting that:- all of these lamps output in the different wavelengths in different intensities;

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What is USB-C and what is it used for? This post takes a deep dive on the benefits of converging to a single computer connection standard, or USB-C.

USB types

– the shorter the emitter wavelength, the larger proportion of energy is emitted in those shorter wavelengths (i.e. they “peak” earlier).

USB 3.0 Cable

– Herschel Far Infrared is biologically more significant in comfort heating than shorter (hotter) heat wavelengths because skin content is 80% water which only absorbs heat wavelengths from 3 microns and lower (Far Infrared). Far Infrared is better absorbed by the skin than other wavelengths; is less “transmissive” and is not reflected – this is untrue for shorter wavelengths;

This is actually one of the most useful features of newer USB-C cables. Whether they’re from the USB4 family, the older USB 3.2 Gen 2x2, or one of Intel’s Thunderbolt 3 or 4 cables. All of them, as long as they have the USB-C header, will work together. They’ll only operate at the speed of the slowest element in the chain, but if the plug fits, they will work.

– “Hotter” does not mean “more comfortable” but it does mean “more energy”. Quartz heaters may be “hotter” at 3 microns than Far Infrared heaters, but these intensities make this sort of emitter more suitable to Industrial Drying Applications, not Comfort Heating. Herschel does not recommend the use of Quartz heaters for Comfort Heating. Herschel Far Infrared heaters are more effectively comfortable whilst consuming less energy.

Peter Schroeder, Judith Haendeler, Jean Krutmann, The role of near infrared radiation in photoaging of the skin, Experimental Gerontology, Volume 43, Issue 7, July 2008, Pages 629-632, ISSN 0531- 5565,

The USB cable must still match the port it’s going into, though. So only USB-A cables are compatible with USB-A ports, regardless of generation. All USB-C cables and ports are inter-compatible and can work with USB-A ports when using an adapter or conversion cable.

– The skin reflects shortwave energy and does not absorb it effectively. This is a basic defense mechanism to protect the skin from these very hot wavelengths. Shortwave is very transmissive (i.e. penetrates deeper). Academic research (citations below) recommends skin and eye protection from these very hot wavelengths. Herschel does not recommend the use of Shortwave heaters for Comfort Heating;

Cable Matters takes this naming convention in mind, and where necessary, uses both the traditional USB namings and labels cables with the maximum speeds they can handle. That said, it's important to note that when it comes to third-generation USB cables, they are fully compatible with themselves and USB 2.0 ports - but can only operate at the fastest speed of the oldest generation USB part in the chain. So a USB 3.2 Gen 1 cable plugged into a USB 2.0 port will only be able to operate at USB 2.0 speeds.

What we would like to do in this article is compare shortwave, medium and far infrared specifically as they apply to Comfort Heating – that is – the comfortable heating of people or animals where skin contact is both desirable and inevitable. We think you will find the following eye-opening and understand why we choose to use Far Infrared specifically for Comfort heating.

USB4 also supports DisplayPort 2.1 tunneling, so can transmit video and audio from a source device to a USB4-compatible display. That gives USB4 the ability to support very high-resolution monitors, like 8K, and also UHD displays with high refresh rates, like 4K 144Hz.

Infrared -A is classified as the “hottest” Infrared with temperatures up to 2,700C and wavelengths of 0.7 – 1.4 microns and is also called “Short-wave” or “Near” Infrared;

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Dr. Janet Voke, Radiation effects on the eye, Part 1 – Infrared radiation effects on ocular tissue, Optometry Today, May 1999

But how do these types of USB connectors compare? When it’s USB 3.0 vs 3.1, where do these generational standards differ?

USBTypeB

The universal serial bus, or USB, has been a stalwart connector for all sorts of devices and systems for almost thirty years. It's consistently kept pace with new demands for speed and features, and today is one of the most comprehensive connectors out there. That does depend on which version of USB you make use of, though, with older generations not offering the same capabilities as the latest. While USB4, Thunderbolt 4, and other USB-C type connectors might be the most capable and popular today, there is still some life in older generations of USB.

For many, “Infrared Heating” is Shortwave or Middlewave Infrared: the Tungsten Halogen or Quartz lamps that cast the red light and are popular in outdoor heating and large public spaces. Many specifiers and installers by their own admission are aware there are different categories of infrared, but unaware the differences are important when matching a heater type to the correct function.

The USB 3.0 vs 3.1 debate might be all but settled, and these technologies might have been superseded by younger, more capable solutions, but there’s still plenty of space for USB 3.0 and 3.1 to remain relevant. Many legacy devices that use USB-A 3.1 and 3.0 connectors for power and data transfer are still out in the wild, and most PC peripherals like mice, keyboards, and webcams, still use USB-A as their primary connector type. Considering desktop PCs continue to offer many USB-A ports to provide legacy support for these devices, too, it’s likely that we’ll see USB 3.0 and 3.1 around for many years to come.

See the following summary of current research into this topic: “Preferred wavelengths for Comfort Heating“. Dr Gerard McGranaghan, Ceramicx Ltd.

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