These single, solid yellow lines on two-lane roads indicate zones where passing is prohibited. They will be located on the right of the broken yellow line when they apply to the lane in which you are traveling. In some instances, both yellow lines will be solid, indicating it is not safe for passing in either direction.

These markings, created by diagonal yellow lines, are on streets and highways indicating that the road is narrowing or there is an obstruction on the roadway. The area is similar to a triangle with solid yellow diagonal lines within the outside lines. Always keep to the right of these markings.

As previously stated, some amount of flexibility to the system’s WD should be factored in, as the above examples are only first-order approximations and they also do not take distortion into account.

Note: As the magnification increases, the size of the FOV will decrease; a magnification that is lower than what is calculated is usually desirable so that the full FOV can be visualized. In the case of Example 2, a 0.25X lens is the closest common option, which yields a 25.6mm FOV on the same sensor.

Note: Fixed focal length lenses should not be confused with fixed focus lenses. Fixed focal length lenses can be focused for different distances; fixed focus lenses are intended for use at a single, specific WD. Examples of fixed focus lenses are many telecentric lenses and microscope objectives.

White linemeaning in relationship

When a turning lane is provided for vehicles traveling in both directions, you should use extreme caution before entering the turning lane to make a left turn. There may be a vehicle traveling in the opposite direction also entering the turning lane to make a left turn. This is especially problematic in congested areas.

These are the solid white lines along the side of the pavement. They serve as safety guides, especially at night when it is difficult to see the edge of the road. A yellow edge line may be used on the left side to warn of narrow or raised medians.

Express Lanes offer motorists the option to pay a toll to bypass congestion in certain areas on the interstate. All vehicles with no more than two axles or up to six wheels can use Express Lanes if they have a registered Peach Pass. When the vehicle travels through the Express Lane, the toll amount will automatically be deducted from the pre-established account. There are currently two sets of Express Lanes in Georgia.

While it may be convenient to have a very wide AFOV, there are some negatives to consider. First, the level of distortion that is associated with some short focal length lenses can greatly influence the actual AFOV and can cause variations in the angle with respect to WD due to distortion. Next, short focal length lenses generally struggle to obtain the highest level of performance when compared against longer focal length options (see Best Practice #3 in Best Practices for Better Imaging). Additionally, short focal length lenses can have difficulties covering medium to large sensor sizes, which can limit their usability, as discussed in Relative Illumination, Roll-Off, and Vignetting.

In many applications, the required distance from an object and the desired FOV (typically the size of the object with additional buffer space) are known quantities. This information can be used to directly determine the required AFOV via Equation 2. Equation 2 is the equivalent of finding the vertex angle of a triangle with its height equal to the WD and its base equal to the horizontal FOV, or HFOV, as shown in Figure 2. Note: In practice, the vertex of this triangle is rarely located at the mechanical front of the lens, from which WD is measured, and is only to be used as an approximation unless the entrance pupil location is known.

White line certifiedcars

When a road is crossed by a railroad crossing, the pavement is usually marked with a large X and two R’s. At railroad crossings, a yellow line is always placed on the right side of the center line to prevent passing. The crossing is sometimes equipped with control arms and/or emergency lights, to warn drivers of approaching trains. The driver of the vehicle must stop if warning signals indicate a train is approaching

Whitelining meaning

These are solid white lines typically located between the farthest right traffic lane and the curb or edge of the roadway. If there is a right-turn-only lane present, the bicycle lane will be located to the left of the right-turn-only lane in order to safely accommodate bicycles traveling straight through the intersection. Bicycle lanes may also be marked with painted symbols of a bicycle. Drivers of motor vehicles are prohibited from driving or parking in the bicycle lane, except to cross over it to make a turn. When crossing over a bicycle lane to make a turn, motorists must yield to bicyclists that are present.

These are used to separate traffic moving in opposite directions on paved roadways. Broken yellow lines are used when there are only two lanes.

In general, however, the focal length is measured from the rear principal plane, rarely located at the mechanical back of an imaging lens; this is one of the reasons why WDs calculated using paraxial equations are only approximations and the mechanical design of a system should only be laid out using data produced by computer simulation or data taken from lens specification tables. Paraxial calculations, as from lens calculators, are a good starting point to speed the lens selection process, but the numerical values produced should be used with caution.

What iswhitelining driving

The I-85 Express Lanes are HOT Lanes along I-85 North in Gwinnett County. They are open 24-hours per day. On the I-85 Express Lanes, registered transit, three or more person carpools, motorcycles, emergency vehicles, and Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFV) with the proper AFV license plate are allowed to use the lanes toll-free.

Field of view describes the viewable area that can be imaged by a lens system. This is the portion of the object that fills the camera’s sensor. This can be described by the physical area which can be imaged, such as a horizontal or vertical field of view in mm, or an angular field of view specified in degrees. The relationships between focal length and field of view are shown below.

White linemeaning on road

These are the white dashes that mark the individual lanes of travel on streets and highways having more than one lane for traffic moving in the same direction.

When using fixed focal length lenses, there are three ways to change the FOV of the system (camera and lens). The first and often easiest option is to change the WD from the lens to the object; moving the lens farther away from the object plane increases the FOV. The second option is to swap out the lens with one of a different focal length. The third option is to change the size of the sensor; a larger sensor will yield a larger FOV for the same WD, as defined in Equation 1.

Local, state, and federal government websites often end in .gov. State of Georgia government websites and email systems use “georgia.gov” or “ga.gov” at the end of the address. Before sharing sensitive or personal information, make sure you’re on an official state website.

Whitelinecertifiedsticker

When there are four or more lanes with traffic moving in opposite directions, two solid yellow lines mark the center of the roadway. You may cross these lines only to make a left turn into or from an alley, private road, driveway, or another street. When traveling on a multi-lane road, stay in the right lane except to pass other vehicles traveling in the same direction.

Example 2: For an application using a ½” sensor, which has a horizontal sensor size of 6.4mm, a horizontal FOV of 25mm is desired.

Generally, lenses that have fixed magnifications have fixed or limited WD ranges. While using a telecentric or other fixed magnification lens can be more constraining, as they do not allow for different FOVs by varying the WD, the calculations for them are very direct, as shown in Equation 4.

The 14.25° derived in Example 1 (see white box below) can be used to determine the lens that is needed, but the sensor size must also be chosen. As the sensor size is increased or decreased it will change how much of the lens’s image is utilized; this will alter the AFOV of the system and thus the overall FOV. The larger the sensor, the larger the obtainable AFOV for the same focal length. For example, a 25mm lens could be used with a ½” (6.4mm horizontal) sensor or a 35mm lens could be used with a 2/3” (8.8mm horizontal) sensor as they would both approximately produce a 14.5° AFOV on their respective sensors. Alternatively, if the sensor has already been chosen, the focal length can be determined directly from the FOV and WD by substituting Equation 1 in Equation 2, as shown in Equation 3.

Be aware that Equation 6 is an approximation and will rapidly deteriorate for magnifications greater than 0.1 or for short WDs. For magnifications beyond 0.1, either a fixed magnification lens or computer simulations (e.g. Zemax) with the appropriate lens model should be used. For the same reasons, lens calculators commonly found on the internet should only be used for reference. When in doubt, consult a lens specification table.

If the required magnification is already known and the WD is constrained, Equation 3 can be rearranged (replacing $ \small{ \tfrac{H}{\text{FOV}}} $ with magnification) and used to determine an appropriate fixed focal length lens, as shown in Equation 6.

Knowledge Center/ Application Notes/ Imaging Application Notes/ Understanding Focal Length and Field of View

These are double white line (dashed or solid) pavement markings on roadways that indicate where vehicles can or cannot cross to access the adjacent lane. When the double white lines are dashed, vehicles are allowed to cross over to the adjacent lane. When the double white lines are solid, lane changes are prohibited.

Whitelining urban dictionary

The focal length of a lens is a fundamental parameter that describes how strongly it focuses or diverges light. A large focal length indicates that light is bent gradually while a short focal length indicates that the light is bent at sharp angles. In general, lenses with positive focal lengths converge light while lenses with negative focal lengths cause light to diverge, although there are some exceptions based on the distance from the lens to the object being imaged.

Note: Horizontal FOV is typically used in discussions of FOV as a matter of convenience, but the sensor aspect ratio (ratio of a sensor’s width to its height) must be taken into account to ensure that the entire object fits into the image where the aspect ratio is used as a fraction (e.g. 4:3 = 4/3), Equation 7.

The I-75 South Metro Express Lanes are new, reversible lanes along 1-75 South in Henry and Clayton counties. Reversible lanes change directions during the day to provide additional travel options during peak travel periods. When the travel direction is being reversed, signs will show the lanes are closed. On the I-75 South Metro Express Lanes, all vehicles, including motorcycles and electric vehicles, are required to pay a toll. Public transit buses, registered vanpools and emergency response vehicles may use the lanes toll-free if they have a Peach Pass.

Once the required AFOV has been determined, the focal length can be approximated using Equation 1 and the proper lens can be chosen from a lens specification table or datasheet by finding the closest available focal length with the necessary AFOV for the sensor being used.

Stop lines are white lines painted across the pavement at intersections indicating the point beyond which your vehicle should not cross if you are stopping for a traffic control device. In urban areas the line is usually located about four feet before the crosswalk. Drivers must come to a complete stop at the stop line, when present, not at the actual stop sign or traffic signal.

Whitelining racing

This lane, bordered by solid yellow and/or broken yellow lines, is in the center of streets and highways to make left turns. A motorist desiring to turn left should proceed to the turn lane just prior to making a left turn. Georgia law prohibits the use of this lane for any purpose other than making a left turn. You may enter this lane no more than 300 feet from the location of the left turn.

While most sensors are 4:3, 5:4 and 1:1 are also quite common. This distinction in aspect ratio also leads to varying dimensions of sensors of the same sensor format. All of the equations used in this section can also be used for vertical FOV as long as the sensor’s vertical dimension is substituted in for the horizontal dimension specified in the equations.

A fixed focal length lens, also known as a conventional or entocentric lens, is a lens with a fixed angular field of view (AFOV). By focusing the lens for different working distances (WDs), differently sized field of view (FOV) can be obtained, though the viewing angle is constant. AFOV is typically specified as the full angle (in degrees) associated with the horizontal dimension (width) of the sensor that the lens is to be used with.

\begin{align}\text{AFOV} & = 2 \times \tan^{-1} \left( {\frac{50 \text{mm}}{2 \times 200 \text{mm}}} \right)  \\ \text{AFOV} & = 14.25° \end{align}

The focal length of a lens defines the AFOV. For a given sensor size, the shorter the focal length, the wider the AFOV. Additionally, the shorter the focal length of the lens, the shorter the distance needed to obtain the same FOV compared to a longer focal length lens. For a simple, thin convex lens, the focal length is the distance from the back surface of the lens to the plane of the image formed of an object placed infinitely far in front of the lens. From this definition, it can be shown that the AFOV of a lens is related to the focal length (Equation 1), where $ \small{f} $ is the focal length and $ \small{H} $ is the sensor size (Figure 1).

Another way to change the FOV of a system is to use either a varifocal lens or a zoom lens; these types of lenses allow for adjustment of their focal lengths and thus have variable AFOV. Varifocal and zoom lenses often have size and cost drawbacks compared to fixed focal length lenses, and often cannot offer the same level of performance as fixed focal length lenses.

These white lines are painted across, or partially across the pavement. Sometimes they will be painted in a ladder pattern. When pedestrians are in the crosswalks, they have the right-of-way over motor vehicles. Crosswalks are sometimes in the middle of a block in residential areas, and in some cases, a pedestrian crossing signal is located at the white line.

Roundabouts are sometimes used at intersections instead of stop signs. The purpose of a roundabout is to allow the intersection to handle heavier traffic flow without the need for a signal or a four-way stop. When entering a roundabout, traffic laws concerning right-of-way still apply. You must yield to other traffic that is already in the roundabout. You will always enter a roundabout to the right, and continue circling to the right until you have reached the roadway onto which you want to turn. When reaching the desired road, you will always turn right.