1.68 Kg to Lbs ▷ What is 1.68 Kilograms in Pounds? - 1.68 lbs
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“The night that sign goes out, the Pike is closed,” said Al Brown, 77, who has worked in this building for more than 60 years. In the meantime, he said, business is quite satisfactory.
Boxer Wachler BS, Huynh VN, El Shiaty AF et al (2002) Evaluation of corneal functional optical zone after laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 28:948–953
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Pallikaris IG, Siganos DS, Katsanevaki VJ (1998) LASIK complications and their management. In: Pallikaris IG, Siganos DS (eds) LASIK. Slack, Thorofare, N.J., pp 257–274
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Chalita MR, Chavala S, Xu, Krueger RR (2004) Wavefront Analysis in post LASIK eyes and its correlation with visual symptoms, refraction and topography. Ophthalmology 111:447–453
Katsanevaki, V.J., Albarrán, C., Piñero, D., Alió, J.L., Talamo, J.H., Alió, J.L. (2008). Optical Aberrations. In: Alió, J.L., Azar, D.T. (eds) Management of Complications in Refractive Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-37584-5_7
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Yoon G, Macrae S, Williams DR, Cox IG (2005) Causes of spherical aberration induced by laser refractive surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 31:127–135
Loofs Litea lineLong Beach Photos
Alio JL, Artola A, Rodriguez-Mier FA (2000) Selective zonal ablation with excimer laser for the correction of the irregular astigmatism induced by refractive surgery. Ophthalmology 107:662–673
Alió JL, Belda JI, Artola A, García-Lledó M, Osman A (2002) Contact lens fitting in the correction of irregular astigmatism after corneal refractive surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 28:1750–1757
Mrochen M, Krueger RR, Bueeler M et al (2002) Aberration sensing and wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis: management of decentered ablation. J Refract Surg 18:418–429
Alessio G, Boscia F, La Tegola MG, Sborgia C (2000) Topography-driven photorefractive keratectomy: results of corneal interactive programmed topographic ablations software. Ophthalmology 107:1578–1587
Gatinel D, Malet J, Hoang-Xuan T, Azar DT (2002) Analysis of customized corneal ablations: theoretical limitations of increasing negative asphericity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 43:941–948
Vinciguerra P, Camesasca FI, Calossi A (2003) Statistical analysis of physiological aberrations of the cornea. J Refract Surg 19(Suppl): S265–S269
Not a sound can be heard save the gentle rumbling of balls on tables as the silent contestants bend solemnly to their task. This is Lite-A-Line, a bingo-like game where money changes hands in the last remaining remnant of the Nu-Pike amusement area. For some, it is a way of life.
Knorz MC, Jendiritza B (2000) Topography guided laser in situ keratomileusis to treat corneal irregularities. Ophthalmology 107:1138–1143
Boyd BF, Agarwal A, Alió JL, Krueger RR, Wilson SE (2003) Wavefront analysis, aberrometers and corneal topography. Highlights of Ophthalmology International, El Dorado, Republic of Panama
Kymionis GD, Panagopoulou SI, Aslanides IM, Plainis S, Astyrakakis N, Pallikaris IG (2004) Topographically supported customized ablation for the management of decentered laser in situ keratomileusis Am J Ophthalmol 137:806–811
Alió JL, Belda JI, Osman AA, Shalaby AMM (2003) Topography-guided laser in situ keratomileusis (TOPOLINK) to correct irregular astigmatism after previous refractive surgery. J Refract Surg 19: 516–527
Mantry S, Yeung I, Shah S (2004) Aspheric ablation with the Nidek EC-5000 CXII with OPD-Scan objective analysis. J Refract Surg 20(5 Suppl):S666–S668
Jankov MR, Panagopoulou SI, Tsiklis NS, Hajitanasis GC, Aslanides M, Pallikaris G (2006) Topography-guided treatment of irregular astigmatism with the wavelight excimer laser. J Refract Surg 22:335–344
Lin DY, Manche EE (2004) Custom contoured ablation pattern method for the treatment of decentered laser ablations. J Cataract Refract Surg 30:1675–1684
Alessio G, Boscia F, La Tegola MG, Sborgia C (2001) Corneal interactive programmed topographic ablation customized photorefractive keratectomy for correction of postkeratoplasty astigmatism. Ophthalmology 108:2029–2037
Hersh PS, Fry K, Blaker JW (2003) Spherical aberration after laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy. Clinical results and theoretical models of etiology. J Cataract Refract Surg 29:2096–2104
Caliz A, Montes-Mico R, Belda JI, Alió JL (2004) Corneal aberrometry as a guide for the correction of Irregular astigmatism. In: Alio JL, Belda JI (eds) Treating irregular astigmatism and keratoconus. Highlights of Ophthalmology International, El Dorado, Republic of Panama, pp 121–133
Lafond G, Bonnet S, Solomon L (2004) Treatment of previous decentered excimer laser ablation with combined myopic and hyperopic ablations. J Refract Surg 20:139–148
Yeung IY, Mantry S, Cunliffe IA, Benson MT, Shah S (2004) Higher order aberrations with aspheric ablations using the Nidek EC-5000 CXII laser. J Refract Surg 20(5 Suppl):S659–S662
Carones F, Vigo L, Scandola E (2006) Wavefront-guided treatment of symptomatic eyes using the LADAR6000 excimer laser. J Refract Surg 22:S983–S989
Talamo JH, Wagoner MD, Lee SY (1995) Management of ablation decentration following excimer photorefractive keratectomy. Arch Ophthalmol 113:706–707
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, 3.138 EEI MC 648, 1855 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
In 1961, after 20 years of legal haggling during which Brown was occasionally jailed and his business closed, a Los Angeles Superior Court judge ruled that Lite-A-Line was a game of skill rather than chance. Games of chance--considered gambling--violate California law.
Alió JL, Belda JI, Patel S (2004) Treating irregular astigmatism and keratoconus. Highlights of Ophthalmology International, Miami 2004, pp 1–14
Mrochen M, Krueger RR, Bueeler M, Seiler T (2002) Aberration sensing and wavefront guided laser in situ keratomileusis: management of decentered ablation. J Refract Surg 18:418–429
Carones F, Vigo L, Scandola E (2003) Wavefront-guided treatment of abnormal eyes using the LADARVision platform. J Refract Surg 19:S703–S708
Reinstein DZ, Neal DR, Vogelsang H, Schroeder E, Nagy ZZ, Bergt M, Copland J, Topa D (2004) Optimized and wavefront guided corneal refractive surgery using the Carl Zeiss Meditec platform: the WASCA aberrometer, CRS-Master, and MEL80 excimer laser. Ophthalmol Clin North Am 17:191–210
Hiatt AJ, Grant CN, Boxer Waxler BS (2005) Establishing analysis parameters for spherical aberration after Wavefront LASIK. Ophthalmology 112:998–1002
They come from all around to play the game. From Los Angeles and the San Fernando Valley. From Riverside and San Bernardino.
“It’s fun,” said Castillo, 44, who said she had walked off with as much as $140 on particularly lucky nights. “You concentrate on getting the ball in the hole and you leave your troubles at home.”
Pallikaris IG, Katsanevaki VJ, Ginis HS (2004) The PALM technique for the treatment of corneal irregular astigmatism. In: Alio JL, Belda JI (eds). Treating irregular astigmatism and keratoconus. Highlights of Ophthalmology International, El Dorado, Republic of Panama, pp 97–101
Vinciguerra P, Munoz MI, Camesasca FI(2002) Reduction of spherical aberration: experimental model of photoablation. J Refract Surg 18(3 Suppl):S366–S370
Hori-Komai Y, Toda I, Asano-Kato N, Ito M, Yamamoto T, Tsubota K (2006) Comparison of LASIK using the NIDEK EC-5000 optimized aspheric transition zone (OATz) and conventional ablation profile. J Refract Surg 22:546–555
Pallikaris IG, Katsanevaki VJ (2000) Management of eccentric ablations. In: McRae SM, Krueger RR, Applegate RA (eds) Customized corneal ablation: the quest for supervision. Slack, Thorofare, N.J., pp 293–298
Knorz MC, Neuhann T (2000) Treatment of myopia and myopic astigmatism by customized laser in situ keratomileusis based on corneal topography. Ophthalmology 107:2072–2076
Alió JL, Uhah J, Barraquer C, Bilgihan K, Anwar M, Melles GRJ (2002) New techniques in Lamellar keratoplasty. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 13:224–229
Albarran-Diego C, Munoz G, Montes-Mico R, Rodriguez A, Alio JL (2006) Corneal aberration changes alter hyperopic LASIK: a comparison between the VISX Star S2 and the Asclepion-Meditec MEL 70 G Scan excimer lasers. J Refract Surg 2:34–42
Alió J.L, Javaloy J, Merayo J, Galal A (2004) Automated superficial lamellar keratectomy augmented by excimer laser masked PTK in the management of severe superficial corneal opacities. Br J Ophthalmol 88:1289–1294
Uozato H, Guyton DL, Waring GO (1992) Centering corneal surgical procedures. In: Waring GO (ed) Refractive keratotomy for myopia and astigmatism. Mosby-Year Book, St. Louis, pp 491–505
Bueeler M, Mrochen M, Seiler T (2003) Maximum permissible lateral decentration in aberration sensing and wavefront guided corneal ablation. J Cataract Refract Surg 29:257–263
Holladay JT, Janes JA (2002) Topographic changes in corneal asphericity and effective optical zone size after laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 28:942–7
Alio JL, Galal A, Montalban R, Piñero D (2006) Corneal wavefront guided LASIK retreatments for correction of highly aberrated corneas following refractive surgery. J Refract Surg (in press)
They are Asian refugees, bored housewives, business people out for a lark, would-be gamblers. They share a fascination for steel balls aimed at tiny holes and flashing yellow lights governed by skill and luck. Armed with spring-loaded pinball shooters and stacks of quarters, they stare intently forward as the fates tempt them on.
The sign he refers to is a neon fixture atop this quaint domed building in what is now a nearly abandoned downtown parking lot. It bears a name closely linked to the history of these parts. The name is Looff, as in Charles Looff, creator of the city’s first hand-carved carrousel, which debuted in this very building in 1911 as centerpiece to the then-new Pike amusement park. Or Arthur Looff, the great carver’s son, who went into partnership with Brown in 1941 to create Lite-A-Line in the building once occupied by the famous merry-go-round.
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Alkara N, Genth U, Seiler T (1999) Diametral ablation: a technique to manage decentered photorefractive keratectomy for myopia. J Refract Surg 15:436–440
Lin DY, Manche EE (2004) Custom-contoured ablation pattern method for the treatment od decentered laser ablations. J Cataract Refract Surg 30:1675–1684
City Planning Director Bob Paternoster confirmed that the area surrounding the Looff building is slated for condominiums, but could not predict when work might begin because, he said, agreement had not yet been reached with a developer.
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And Ed Wasserman, 41, who lives in Whittier and subsists on odd jobs, said he plays Lite-A-Line two or three times a week for as long as seven hours at a stretch. “It’s my one freedom,” said Wasserman, adding that he seldom wins and generally loses between $10 and $70 per sitting. “I’ve known about it since I was a kid.”
Alió JL, Belda JI (2004) Practical Guidelines for the correction of irregular astigmatism and keratoconus. In: Alió JL, Belda JI, Patel S (eds) Treating irregular astigmatism and keratoconus, Highlights of Ophthalmology International, Miami 2004, pp 335, 342
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Melles GRJ, Lander F, Rietveld FJR et al (1999) A new surgical technique for deep stromal, anterior lamellar keratoplasty. Br J Ophthalmol 83:327–333
Miguel Hernández University, Medical School, Vissum Corporation, Avda de Denia s/n Edificio Vissum, 03016, Alicante, Spain
Marcos S, Cano D, Barbero S (2003) Increase in corneal asphericity after standard laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia is not inherent to the Munnerlyn algorithm. J Refract Surg 19:S592–S596
Artola A, Alió JL, Bellot JL, Ruiz JM (1993) Protective properties of viscoelastic substances (sodium hyaluronate and 2% hydroxymethyl cellulose) against experimental free radical damage to the corneal endothelium. Cornea 12:109–114
Yamane N, Miyata K, Samejima T et al (1004) Ocular high order aberrations and contrast sensitivity after conventional laser in situ keratomileusis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45:3986–3989
Jorge L. Alió M.D., Ph.D. (Professor and Chairman of Ophthalmology, Medical Director) (Professor and Chairman of Ophthalmology, Medical Director)
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Others had different reasons for being there. Renee Castillo, who owns a restaurant in North Long Beach, said she comes about once a week when she is “really tired and my mind’s messed up and I need to relax.” To avoid spending too much money, she said, she never brings more than $10.
Gartry DS, Kerr Muir MG, Marshall J (1991) Photorefractive keratectomy with an argon fluoride excimer laser: a clinical study. J Refract Corneal Surg 7:420–435
“I come when I’m lonely,” said Noy Sypraoeuth, 24, a Laotian immigrant who said he had lived in the United States for four years and worked for a water bed manufacturer.
Back in the 1940s, when the Pike was at its peak, Brown said, playing Lite-A-Line was a standing-room-only proposition. Then came the closing of the amusement park in 1979 and, with it, the gradual disappearance and razing of Pike-related businesses. Today Lite-A-Line--which stands near a bar, a raggedy-looking apartment house and two condemned buildings--is virtually the only Pike amusement still operating. Nearby is the last of what once was a string of tattoo parlors.
Sarkisian KA, Petrov AA (2002) Clinical experience with the customized low spherical aberration ablation profile for myopia. J Refract Surg 18(3 Suppl):S352–S356
Llorente L, Barbero S, Merayo J, Marcos S (2004) Total and corneal optical aberrations induced by laser in situ keratomileusis for hyperopia. J Refract Surg 20:203–216
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“It’s just one of those things,” said the old carnival man, shaking his head in trying to explain the continuing attraction of the game he has run from a tiny memento-filled office since Arthur Looff’s death in 1970. “It’s just the closeness you come to winning all the time.”
And so it is to this tiny zone on the edge of town--caught in a wrinkle of time between a past gone forever and a future never to be--that the Lite-A-Liners come to play their incessant game. Some admit to being Lite-A-Line addicts. One young woman wouldn’t give her name because, she said, “this is a bad habit that I wouldn’t want the world to know I’m into.” She said she spends many of her waking hours here, consistently dropping as much as $200 a week on the machines.
Harvard Medical School, Talamo Laser Eye Consultants, Reservoir Place, Suite 184 1601 Trapelo Rd., Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
El-Danasoury A, Bains HS (2005) Optimized prolate corneal ablation: case report of the first treated eye. J Refract Surg 21(5 Suppl): S598–S602
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Knorz MC, Jendritza B (2000) Topographically guided laser in situ keratomileusis to treat corneal irregularities. Ophthalmology 107:1138–1143
Department of Ophthalmology Miguel Hernández University, Medical School, Vissum Corporation, Avda de Denia s/n Edificio Vissum, 03016, Alicante, Spain
Porter J, Yoon G, Lozano D et al (2006) Aberrations induced in wavefront-guided laser refractive surgery due to shifts between natural and dilated pupil center locations. J Cataract Refract Surg 32:21–32
Loofs Litea linephotos
The rules of the game, played on what looks like a pinball machine, are simple. The object is to be the first player in the 64-table room to land balls in five holes in a line. A player’s progress is charted on a board on which hits are indicated by yellow and green lights. Games last until somebody wins, which generally takes two to three minutes.
Alió JL, Artola A, Rodríguez-Mier FA (2000) Selective zonal ablations with excimer laser for correction of irregular astigmatism induced by refractive surgery. Ophthalmology 107:662–673
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“We don’t have any drop-ins anymore,” said Brown, referring to Pike customers who wandered over to play Lite-A-Line. Because of that and the recent proliferation of bingo, he said, business has declined 40% since 1979.
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Refractive Department Vardinoyannion Eye Institute, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes P.O. Box 1352, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Miguel Hernandez University, Medical School, Vissum Corporation, Avda de Denia s/n Edificio Vissum, 03016, Alicante, Spain
Patricia Wilkins, 42, described herself as a Long Beach housewife. She spends an average of eight hours a day here, she said, “to get away from the kids” and try to beat the system. “If you play on a machine long enough, you know just how to pull it,” she said.
Still, the game--which operates seven days a week from noon to 2 a.m.--employs a rotating staff of 30. And on an average weeknight, said shift manager William Mundy, about 40 to 50 people can be found there honing their Lite-A-Line skills.
Brown said he realizes the game can’t go on forever. His building is in a city redevelopment area earmarked for condominiums. “It’s just a matter of time,” he said, before he must close.
Most, said Brown, are regulars who have been playing for years or discovered the game recently by word of mouth. And like the city’s general population, he said, players in recent years have represented a greater ethnic diversity, including a particularly high presence of Asians.
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