Lenses are prisms. This means imperfections in the lenses can cause wavelengths to behave erratically when passing through. Most instances of chromatic aberration are caused by imperfections in the lenses themselves. For photographers, keeping their lenses well maintained and editing out aberrations after the fact is usually sufficient.

2019106 — If we pass broadband white light (that is light consisting of all of the visible wavelengths in such proportions that the mixture looks white) ...

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In particular, the Hyperspec VNIR – SWIR Co-Aligned uses its chromatic aberration correcting imagery to map large swathes of land with a high degree of accuracy. This product is incredibly popular for land surveying and mining exploration – especially with its UAV-mounting capabilities.

Chromaticaberration example

A: Unlike heat cure adhesives, UV/light cure adhesives do not require ovens for curing, the chemical process by which an adhesive attains its final properties, including strength. Instead, lamps that produce specific wavelengths of light are used. UV/light cure adhesives are also free of solvents and available in one-part formulations that do not require time-consuming mixing. Some UV-curing adhesives are formulated with a secondary moisture-curing mechanism for “shadowed” areas that aren’t reachable by the UV lamp. In this sense, they have some similarities with moisture-cure adhesives.

For hyperspectral imaging purposes, time and data are money. You can’t afford to waste either dealing with chromatic aberration. That’s why hyperspectral imaging sensors do away with lenses altogether. Instead, they opt for diffraction gratings.

Diffraction gratings work in the opposite way to lenses. Where lenses focus wavelengths on a single focus plane, diffraction scatters the light instead. This light passes through a lattice where it is processed and reconstructed as a legible image.

A: The most common chemistries for UV/light curing adhesives are acrylated urethanes. These industrial adhesives have good performance properties, can bond to most materials, and are the least expensive. Cyanoacrylate adhesives are used with tubing and to bond some plastics. Epoxies produce strong bonds but tend to be rigid, which can lead to fracture. Silicones are the most expensive type of adhesive and are available in some formulations that cure with visible light.

Chromaticaberration in glasses

Since there is no lens, hyperspectral imaging sensors are mostly immune from the chromatic aberration effect. The only exception to this is if the sensor doesn’t have the ability to read the full light spectrum that is being emitted. In this case, unrecognised colours could still manifest incorrectly in the final image.

The second type is lateral chromatic aberration, also known as transverse chromatic aberration. This occurs when wavelengths hit the lens at an angle, causing them to reach the focal plane at different positions. This is common with fish eye lenses that allow light to penetrate at unusual angles.

If you want hyperspectral imaging devices that are application specific and can eliminate chromatic aberration over the entire spectral range, Headwall Hyperspectral Sensors are the devices for you.

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Chromaticaberration

Industrial adhesives that cure with visible or ultraviolet (UV) light form fast, strong chemical bonds between substrates. Visible light curing adhesives are becoming increasingly popular, and demand for UV cure adhesives is projected to grow steadily. For design engineers who are considering these products, this Q&A from GlueSpec® provides answers to frequently asked questions (FAQs).

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A: Selecting UV/light cure adhesives requires a complete analysis of factors that include substrate materials, part design, surface energy, wavelength, and lamp selection and installation. Typically, these industrial adhesives are supplied in black syringes, black bottles, or opaque pails. When evaluating suppliers, it helps to choose one who can help with product selection and provide technical assistance. Price, availability, and minimum order quantities (MOQs) are also important considerations.

The first is longitudinal aberration, also known as axial aberration. This occurs when the wavelengths fail to converge at a single point after passing through the lens. This commonly causes fringing, where the outlines of objects or distinctive features have an incorrectly coloured tinge, usually green or purple.

A: Lamps that use light emitting diodes (LEDs) have longer-lasting bulbs, use less energy, and produce less heat. They also create strong bonds because their light output can be tightly focused on the required wavelength for optimum cure. Unlike metal halide lamps, however, LED lamps cannot provide the broad performance that may be needed if manufacturers decide to use various UV/light cure adhesives with different curing requirements.

Vision X is a multinational company specializing in Offroad, mining and industrial lighting.

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) captures a wide spectrum of light beyond the primary colour range. Individual pixels can be assigned colour ‘signatures’ because each one will emit light slightly differently on the spectral band. These signatures can then be paired with specific minerals during the analysis stage.

If you’d like to inquire about purchasing your own Hyperspec VNIR – SWIR Co-Aligned, or any other incredible Headwall device, get in touch today.

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Chromaticaberrationeffect

2020316 — ... will appear blurry, and you will not achieve an ideal magnification ... high magnification (still 1000x when combined with 10x eyepieces).

A: UV/light cure adhesives are designed to cure at specific wavelengths that are measured in nanometers (nm). Visible light has colored bands that range from violet (380-435 nm) to red (625-740 nm). UV light is divided into UV-A (315-400 nm), UV-B (280-315 nm), and UV-C (180-280 nm) but covers a region of the electromagnetic spectrum that is as low as 10 nm. Visible light curing adhesives typically cure from 385nm to 415nm, depending on the formulation. Today, many UV cure adhesives use 365 nm light.

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PAS is the leading supplier of Headwall Photonics products in Australia and New Zealand. They have a wide range of hyperspectral sensors for mining and other industries.

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Chromatic aberration can severely affect results and make images completely unsuitable for analysis. There are two kinds of chromatic aberration.

A: Metal halide lamps use more energy, but some UV/light cure adhesives need them in order to cure quickly and with all of an adhesive’s end-use properties. Plus, a standard 365 nm metal halide lamp covers a broad spectrum ranging from visible light to UV-B. Yet, metal halide lamps have a shorter life than LED lamps. Metal halide curing lamps also degrade with first use and may have power issues even when they light-up. This can contribute to inadequate curing.

A: UV/light cure adhesives typically do not come in colors, although some are available in black. Clarity counts because color absorbs light and can affect curing. Consequently, most UV cure adhesives are clear, translucent, or opaque. For glass or plastic surfaces where the coating or bonding layer should not be visible, such as in optical applications, choose an adhesive with the same refractive index as the substrate material itself. Not all data sheets list optical specifications, however.

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A: No. The key is to use a lamp with a spectral output and intensity that matches the requirements of the adhesive. The lamps used for UV/light curing are specified by size or cure area, spectral output or wavelength, and power in W/cm2. Some adhesive formulations are curable with a black light, a relatively inexpensive lamp that emits UV-A; however, the time needed for curing is too long for most production schedules. More powerful lamps can cure adhesives more quickly.

Chromaticaberration in games

Hyperspectral imaging is used widely in mining and food industries because it can facilitate detailed analysis and predictions without having to collect and destroy physical samples.

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Chromatic aberration is an optical problem in cameras and some sensors that can distort hyperspectral images and make data unusable.

This means colours travel at different speeds through the lens, known as dispersion, and they blur the image. Colours can appear to bleed into each other, or from the ‘fringes’ of objects in the image.

Spherical aberration

A: The main advantages are reduced energy consumption, faster assembly times, low levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for fewer environmental health and safety (EH&S) concerns, and the ability to form flexible, stress-absorbing bonds between similar or dissimilar substrates. UV/light cure adhesives also allow for the proper alignment of components before bonding, which typically occurs in seconds. In addition, it’s easy to scale-up production by adding more lamps to an assembly line.

A: Glass is one of the most popular substrate materials for UV/light cure adhesives and can form high-strength, load-bearing bonds between glass-and-glass, glass-and-plastic, or glass-and-metal. Optical plastics can be joined as well, but materials with low surface energy may produce joints with insufficient strength. With Teflon, for example, a surface treatment such as chemical etching can increase surface energy and contribute to the formation of non-structural bonds.

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A: Microwave-powered, or excited, UV curing lamps have a longer life than traditional metal halide lamps but are more expensive. They are available in commonly used wavelengths and feature an electrodeless bulb that has a long lifetime and applies less heat to the substrate. Microwave-powered UV lamps with integrated blowers are sometimes used in laboratories or other facilities where space is limited.

Unlike longitudinal aberration, the fringing won’t appear around the object, but towards the edges of the image instead. Despite this difference, both cause issues with signature assignment and are a threat to accurate data when aberration occurs in hyperspectral imaging.

How to fixchromaticaberration

Hyperspectral imaging technology is an integral part of mining in Australia. Images taken at high resolutions can reveal astonishing amounts of data without needing physical samples.

A: Lamps need to be installed at the proper distance and, depending on the application, may need to provide either flood or focused light. For example, if an adhesive is dispensed onto a printed circuit board (PCB) to bond a small electronic component, a high-intensity spot lamp may be a better choice than a UV/visible conveyor or flood lamp.

Chromaticaberration in eyes

Please test and evaluate materials carefully to ensure compliance with all specifications and requirements of your application.

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A: Strength is especially important. Manufacturers list this information on an adhesive’s data sheet in terms of pounds per square inch (psi) or its metric equivalent. Shear strength, a property that describes an adhesive’s resistance against a shear load before failure, is typically measured with an Instron. Speed of cure and depth of cure are also critical because engineers need adhesives that cure quickly but completely. Viscosity is application-dependent and determines whether an adhesive spreads easily or remains in a bead. Typically, depth of cure and viscosity are more important for pottants and encapsulants than for bonding or conformal coatings.

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A: Sometimes, manufacturers use lamps that emit the wrong type of light for the specific adhesive formulation. Manufacturing processes can also leave inadequate cure time. If a UV/light cure adhesive is stored improperly, such as in a clear bottle that receives sunlight, premature curing may occur. Like other materials, UV/light cure adhesives also have a shelf life beyond which a product becomes unfit for use. If an adhesive fails to stick, however, it’s often because it was the wrong choice for the substate.

Chromatic aberration, which is commonly referred to as colour fringing, occurs when a lens can’t accommodate all the wavelengths of colour on a focal plane, or if the colours are focused in different positions.

A: Because light energy is required for curing, UV or visible light must reach the bond area. This requires an unobstructed path between the light source and at least one substrate. Part designs that lack fillets or similar geometries may experience “shadowing” and require an adhesive with a secondary moisture cure for complete adhesion. For bonding magnets to metals, an activator that initiates the adhesive reaction may be required. To bond silicone, a UV cure adhesive with a silicone chemistry may be needed.

If you are in an industry that uses hyperspectral sensors, read this article for an explanation and solution for chromatic aberration.

Adhesive dispensing can be done automatically but is often done manually instead. For higher production volumes, a robotic dispenser can provide a relatively quick return on investment (ROI). Even a simple desktop robot offers advantages in terms of speed, consistency, and reliability. For spot dispensing, a robot equipped with a light wand can be used for curing – if the light is shielded from the dispense tip, to prevent curing in the tip.

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