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Successful implementation of automatic aircraft inspection should slash inspection time by over 50% and as a result shorten aircraft turnaround times and increase the number of sorties generated.

Equipped with electro optics, LIDARS (Light Detection And Ranging Sensors) and infrared sensors, the drones are able to fly over the runway and automatically detect size, and classify various types of damage to the runway. The LIDAR will enable the system to determine the depth of a crater, and infrared sensors enable all-weather operations. Damage is presented in various colours and the operator is able to further zoom into images of the crater. Currently, the system is able to geo-locate potholes as small as a drink can.

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He said: “Smart air bases means more automation, for simple aspects like security of the air base; more unmanned systems. But beyond that, you can even launch and recover the planes using automated systems. This will affect how you command and control, how you protect, how you have redundancy.”

Developed by the local Defense Science and Technology Agency, trials for automated inspection began in late 2017, with a single high-resolution camera mounted over the aircraft to detect and identify faults such as missing rivets and unlatched fasteners. Instead of image comparison, the system is based on object recognition, and to date has been able to differentiate between the F-15SG Eagle and F-16C or F-16D Fighting Falcons, and point out any relevant defects.

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Ultimately, the RSAF hopes to utilize multiple cameras on shelter roofs, as well as autonomous ground vehicles to inspect the lower half of the airframe, and abnormalities are plotted onto a three-dimensional aircraft image on the interface.

Chen Chuanren studies some interesting initiatives being rolled out for the Republic of Singapore Air Force’s smart air base roadmap

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The RSAF is also working towards a network centric base command post (BCP) at a later stage, supported by decision support systems to keep up with a faster tempo of operations at the air base.

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Today, pre-flight and post-flight aircraft inspection checks take between one to three hours when done manually, depending on the aircraft type and configuration. The RSAF hopes to further reduce this lengthy process by introducing automated aircraft inspection, powered by artificial intelligence.

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He added that these concepts could be implemented on Changi East and Tengah Air Bases, which will be expanded and redesigned to accommodate the decommissioning of Paya Lebar. Changi East is currently being rebuilt, concurrent with the work in progress on Changi’s Terminal 5, and Tengah will be expanded westwards by 106 hectares.

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Also in the pipeline, is a fleet management system that utilizes data analytics on aircraft information, and provides insights on aircraft performance, and proactively recommends maintenance activities before a system failure. The fleet management system will be able to broadcast relevant information to the various engineers at the base, and prioritises tasks at hand.

LIKE MANY modern and developed countries, Singapore faces an aging society and is starting to see dwindling numbers of personnel in their three armed services, which will have their manpower reduced by a third by 2030. Also to accommodate national development, Paya Lebar Air Base, the Republic of Singapore Air Force’s (RSAF) largest, will be closed during the same period.

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The RSAF hopes to widen the variety of defects the camera can detect, from hydraulic leaks and cracks to bird strikes; this requires further machine learning and algorithm development.

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This will not only reduce risk of personnel from follow-up attacks and unexpended munitions, but will also enable quicker decision-making to prioritize repairs and resources needed. Currently the team is studying scaling of such systems, which will have direct impact on time and effectiveness of damage assessment.

AIR International also understands the RSAF is studying the concept of a remote tower to optimize manpower and to enhance the survivability of the air base’s command and control function. Although little is known about RSAF plans, their civil counterparts, the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore, has already started trials with a remote tower with NATS, the UK’s air traffic service provider. The $7 million project will run for 22 months and will employ advanced camera and video stitching technologies.

As the aircraft manufacturers only stipulate what to inspect rather than the means and method, airworthiness approvals are only required and to be made by the RSAF.

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To mark the impending retirement of the last British Airways Boeing 757 in the December 2010 issue of Airliner World, Nathan Jones reviewed the airliner’s service with the UK carrier

Refractive index (μ):  Refractive Index is a value calculated from the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to that in a second medium of greater density.

The smart air base initiative is happening in various segments across all functions on the base. Amongst the first is the use of commercial off-the-shelf drones for runway inspection and damage assessment. Since January, the RSAF teamed up with local drone company Avetics to develop drones and algorithms for runway inspection, used especially in postattack scenarios.

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When commissioned, it will be used by RSAF civil engineering squadrons assigned to each base that are responsible for the maintenance of air base infrastructure, structures and runways. In peacetime, the drone will be used for normal runway inspection duties, including the detection of foreign object debris.

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