Lumalier commercial AR (adjustable rack) Series UVC fixtures work invisibly at a wavelength of 253.7 nanometers inside existing HVAC systems without exposure to students or faculty.

At most wavelengths, however, the information carried by electromagnetic radiation is not directly detected by human senses. Natural sources produce EM radiation across the spectrum, and technology can also manipulate a broad range of wavelengths. Optical fiber transmits light that, although not necessarily in the visible part of the spectrum (it is usually infrared), can carry information. The modulation is similar to that used with radio waves.

In addition, creating a healthy classroom will help enhance students' and teachers' productivity and reduce absenteeism. It can also help maintain the school's equipment.

The Lumalier HW Series targets pathogen reduction in low-ceiling spaces, like corridors, hallways, or other long-narrow spaces leading to a classroom.

Microwaves are radio waves of short wavelength, from about 10 centimeters to one millimeter, in the SHF and EHF frequency bands. Microwave energy is produced with klystron and magnetron tubes, and with solid state devices such as Gunn and IMPATT diodes. Although they are emitted and absorbed by short antennas, they are also absorbed by polar molecules, coupling to vibrational and rotational modes, resulting in bulk heating. Unlike higher frequency waves such as infrared and visible light which are absorbed mainly at surfaces, microwaves can penetrate into materials and deposit their energy below the surface. This effect is used to heat food in microwave ovens, and for industrial heating and medical diathermy. Microwaves are the main wavelengths used in radar, and are used for satellite communication, and wireless networking technologies such as Wi-Fi. The copper cables (transmission lines) which are used to carry lower-frequency radio waves to antennas have excessive power losses at microwave frequencies, and metal pipes called waveguides are used to carry them. Although at the low end of the band the atmosphere is mainly transparent, at the upper end of the band absorption of microwaves by atmospheric gases limits practical propagation distances to a few kilometers.

Lumalier offers three ceiling-mounted, high-ceiling units for 360° upper-air coverage: GC Series, CDU Series, and PM Series:

In 1895, Wilhelm Röntgen noticed a new type of radiation emitted during an experiment with an evacuated tube subjected to a high voltage. He called this radiation "x-rays" and found that they were able to travel through parts of the human body but were reflected or stopped by denser matter such as bones. Before long, many uses were found for this radiography.

Maxwell's predicted waves included waves at very low frequencies compared to infrared, which in theory might be created by oscillating charges in an ordinary electrical circuit of a certain type. Attempting to prove Maxwell's equations and detect such low frequency electromagnetic radiation, in 1886, the physicist Heinrich Hertz built an apparatus to generate and detect what are now called radio waves. Hertz found the waves and was able to infer (by measuring their wavelength and multiplying it by their frequency) that they traveled at the speed of light. Hertz also demonstrated that the new radiation could be both reflected and refracted by various dielectric media, in the same manner as light. For example, Hertz was able to focus the waves using a lens made of tree resin. In a later experiment, Hertz similarly produced and measured the properties of microwaves. These new types of waves paved the way for inventions such as the wireless telegraph and the radio.

The pendant-mounted, louvered, upper-air design of the Lumalier PM Series allows for ceiling mounting in low ceiling areas (eight to ten feet). The fixture’s louvered design keeps the upper-air field of UVC in a straight line above the occupants’ heads, effectively neutralizing infectious pathogens in spaces up to 400 ft2.

Lumalier Upper-Air UVC fixtures improve Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) by targeting airborne pathogens in high-risk areas, like high and low ceilings, temporary spaces, and classrooms.

UVC light for classrooms provides a safe, disinfecting option for destroying the genetic material (DNA and RNA) in viruses, bacteria, and mold in the classroom's air, on surfaces, and even the students and teachers as they enter the classrooms.

Infraredradiation examples

To learn more about our science-based solutions to using UVC lights for classroom disinfection, please contact us today or call (901) 800-1709 to talk to our engineering, sales, and customer service teams!

Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 380 nm and 760 nm (400–790 terahertz) is detected by the human eye and perceived as visible light. Other wavelengths, especially near infrared (longer than 760 nm) and ultraviolet (shorter than 380 nm) are also sometimes referred to as light, especially when the visibility to humans is not relevant. White light is a combination of lights of different wavelengths in the visible spectrum. Passing white light through a prism splits it up into the several colours of light observed in the visible spectrum between 400 nm and 780 nm.

A clean classroom helps protect equipment from dust and dirt that can damage equipment performance and longevity. In addition, cleanliness promotes the efficient performance of HVAC equipment, with less maintenance.

For over 60 years, Lumalier's advanced UV Germicidal Disinfection products have provided schools with UV lights in classrooms - a science-based approach to safe classroom disinfection that improves indoor air quality, limits the spread of infectious agents, and reduces energy and HVAC maintenance. In addition, the EPA, ASHRAE, FEMA, the CDC, and many other health organizations also endorse UVC technology.

Infraredenergy

The engineering of upper-air UVC fixtures effectively cleans the coils and improves a classroom’s indoor air quality (IAQ) and energy efficiency.

Eliminates microbial growth on coils and drain pans that can cause coil fouling, odors, and early failure of air conditions equipment

In 1800, William Herschel discovered infrared radiation.[2] He was studying the temperature of different colours by moving a thermometer through light split by a prism. He noticed that the highest temperature was beyond red. He theorized that this temperature change was due to "calorific rays", a type of light ray that could not be seen. The next year, Johann Ritter, working at the other end of the spectrum, noticed what he called "chemical rays" (invisible light rays that induced certain chemical reactions). These behaved similarly to visible violet light rays, but were beyond them in the spectrum.[3] They were later renamed ultraviolet radiation.

The Lumalier FA (Forced Air) UVC disinfection series provides continuous eye-level air movement that neutralizes airborne infectious pathogens in spaces unable to use traditional upper-air or in-duct options(e.g., elevators, bunk houses, work stations, waiting rooms, interview rooms, conference rooms, and bathrooms). In addition, Lumalier completely encloses the FA fixture for the room occupants’ safety.

Lumalier’s fixed and portable surface disinfection UVC fixtures effectively disinfect contaminated surfaces in classrooms that can spread infection. Portable units are an ideal solution to disinfecting after a student discharge event (vomit, blood, diarrhea, etc.) and for difficult-to-disinfect surfaces, like keyboards, monitors, lab and cafeteria equipment, etc.

Next in frequency comes ultraviolet (UV). In frequency (and thus energy), UV rays sit between the violet end of the visible spectrum and the X-ray range. The UV wavelength spectrum ranges from 399 nm to 10 nm and is divided into 3 sections: UVA, UVB, and UVC.

Above infrared in frequency comes visible light. The Sun emits its peak power in the visible region, although integrating the entire emission power spectrum through all wavelengths shows that the Sun emits slightly more infrared than visible light.[15] By definition, visible light is the part of the EM spectrum the human eye is the most sensitive to. Visible light (and near-infrared light) is typically absorbed and emitted by electrons in molecules and atoms that move from one energy level to another. This action allows the chemical mechanisms that underlie human vision and plant photosynthesis. The light that excites the human visual system is a very small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. A rainbow shows the optical (visible) part of the electromagnetic spectrum; infrared (if it could be seen) would be located just beyond the red side of the rainbow whilst ultraviolet would appear just beyond the opposite violet end.

Radio waves are emitted and received by antennas, which consist of conductors such as metal rod resonators. In artificial generation of radio waves, an electronic device called a transmitter generates an alternating electric current which is applied to an antenna. The oscillating electrons in the antenna generate oscillating electric and magnetic fields that radiate away from the antenna as radio waves. In reception of radio waves, the oscillating electric and magnetic fields of a radio wave couple to the electrons in an antenna, pushing them back and forth, creating oscillating currents which are applied to a radio receiver. Earth's atmosphere is mainly transparent to radio waves, except for layers of charged particles in the ionosphere which can reflect certain frequencies.

There are no precisely defined boundaries between the bands of the electromagnetic spectrum; rather they fade into each other like the bands in a rainbow (which is the sub-spectrum of visible light). Radiation of each frequency and wavelength (or in each band) has a mix of properties of the two regions of the spectrum that bound it. For example, red light resembles infrared radiation in that it can excite and add energy to some chemical bonds and indeed must do so to power the chemical mechanisms responsible for photosynthesis and the working of the visual system.

Disinfecting classrooms with Lumalier UVC Lights provides a safer alternative to chemical disinfectants that will help protect students and teachers against airborne and surface infectious viruses, bacteria, etc., and ensure a safe and engaging classroom while complying with the new health standards.

After hard X-rays come gamma rays, which were discovered by Paul Ulrich Villard in 1900. These are the most energetic photons, having no defined lower limit to their wavelength. In astronomy they are valuable for studying high-energy objects or regions, however as with X-rays this can only be done with telescopes outside the Earth's atmosphere. Gamma rays are used experimentally by physicists for their penetrating ability and are produced by a number of radioisotopes. They are used for irradiation of foods and seeds for sterilization, and in medicine they are occasionally used in radiation cancer therapy.[17] More commonly, gamma rays are used for diagnostic imaging in nuclear medicine, an example being PET scans. The wavelength of gamma rays can be measured with high accuracy through the effects of Compton scattering.

The Lumalier EDU-C (Emergency Disinfection) Series provides mobile surface and air disinfection UVC for unoccupied spaces, like locker rooms, nurses' stations, or any areas prone to pathogens.

Lumalier offers three types of Hybrid units that combine the best features of the upper-air and surface disinfection products: ASD, FA, and MED Series:

The design of Lumalier UVS Series UVC units makes them ideal for personal classroom workspaces like desks, labs, computer stations, etc., that require constant and quick UVC disinfection of contaminated surfaces.

The study of electromagnetism began in 1820 when Hans Christian Ørsted discovered that electric currents produce magnetic fields (Oersted's law). Light was first linked to electromagnetism in 1845, when Michael Faraday noticed that the polarization of light traveling through a transparent material responded to a magnetic field (see Faraday effect). During the 1860s, James Clerk Maxwell developed four partial differential equations (Maxwell's equations) for the electromagnetic field. Two of these equations predicted the possibility and behavior of waves in the field. Analyzing the speed of these theoretical waves, Maxwell realized that they must travel at a speed that was about the known speed of light. This startling coincidence in value led Maxwell to make the inference that light itself is a type of electromagnetic wave. Maxwell's equations predicted an infinite range of frequencies of electromagnetic waves, all traveling at the speed of light. This was the first indication of the existence of the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

Electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter in different ways across the spectrum. These types of interaction are so different that historically different names have been applied to different parts of the spectrum, as though these were different types of radiation. Thus, although these "different kinds" of electromagnetic radiation form a quantitatively continuous spectrum of frequencies and wavelengths, the spectrum remains divided for practical reasons arising from these qualitative interaction differences.

In AHU & In Duct fixtures are installed inside ventilation systems and provide high-level, facility-wide disinfection of airborne pathogens.

Air Handler Units (AHU) and duct fixtures, like the Lumalier AR Series UVC, are installed inside a ventilation system to disinfect airborne pathogens.

The ceiling-mounted GC Series, for high ceilings, allows for 360° of UVGI to inactivate pathogens in high-risk, upper-air space, effectively above the heads of students and teachers. The Lumalier GC Series uses 1 or 2 Philips PL-L UV Lamps and comes in different models and wattages (36W, 60W, 95W) and can accommodate a variety of coverage areas.

The infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum covers the range from roughly 300 GHz to 400 THz (1 mm – 750 nm). It can be divided into three parts:[1]

Lumalier Surface Disinfection UV Fixtures disinfect contaminated surfaces, which can reduce the spread of infection and minimize risk management.

Schools can install upper-air UVC fixtures in classrooms, administrative buildings, hallways, cafeterias, and libraries.

If radiation having a frequency in the visible region of the EM spectrum reflects off an object, say, a bowl of fruit, and then strikes the eyes, this results in visual perception of the scene. The brain's visual system processes the multitude of reflected frequencies into different shades and hues, and through this insufficiently understood psychophysical phenomenon, most people perceive a bowl of fruit.

Lumalier BLU Series fixtures mount on ceilings to disinfect high-risk, unoccupied areas that need multiple disinfection cycles throughout the day, like classrooms, operating rooms, laboratories, and food processing areas.

Lumalier ASD Series Hybrid UVC fixtures combine the best features of the upper-air (occupied) and surface (unoccupied) disinfection products to effectively kill airborne infectious pathogens in high-risk occupied spaces. These units can also achieve high-log surface (fomite) decontamination in unoccupied spaces.

Generally, electromagnetic radiation is classified by wavelength into radio wave, microwave, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. The behavior of EM radiation depends on its wavelength. When EM radiation interacts with single atoms and molecules, its behavior also depends on the amount of energy per quantum (photon) it carries.

Disinfecting classrooms creates a clean work environment which can boost teacher morale and improve productivity, because instead of spending their time before and after class cleaning and disinfecting their classrooms, they can plan lessons and grade homework.

Infrareduses

Clean and disinfected classrooms can minimize teacher sick days, and contribute to classroom continuity and student success.

Gamma rays, at the high-frequency end of the spectrum, have the highest photon energies and the shortest wavelengths—much smaller than an atomic nucleus. Gamma rays, X-rays, and extreme ultraviolet rays are called ionizing radiation because their high photon energy is able to ionize atoms, causing chemical reactions. Longer-wavelength radiation such as visible light is nonionizing; the photons do not have sufficient energy to ionize atoms.

The distinction between X-rays and gamma rays is partly based on sources: the photons generated from nuclear decay or other nuclear and subnuclear/particle process are always termed gamma rays, whereas X-rays are generated by electronic transitions involving highly energetic inner atomic electrons.[6][7][8] In general, nuclear transitions are much more energetic than electronic transitions, so gamma rays are more energetic than X-rays, but exceptions exist. By analogy to electronic transitions, muonic atom transitions are also said to produce X-rays, even though their energy may exceed 6 megaelectronvolts (0.96 pJ),[9] whereas there are many (77 known to be less than 10 keV (1.6 fJ)) low-energy nuclear transitions (e.g., the 7.6 eV (1.22 aJ) nuclear transition of thorium-229m), and, despite being one million-fold less energetic than some muonic X-rays, the emitted photons are still called gamma rays due to their nuclear origin.[10]

Natural convection currents create continuous air disinfection within defined spaces. Also available in fan-assisted models for added ventilation.

Infrared wavelengthrange in m

The design of the 2x2 fixture allows for installation into a suspended ceiling grid T-bar system, flush mounted to the ceiling (hardwired), or cable-suspended to blend into the ceiling.

The Lumalier GL Series is an open-style upper-air system that mounts on walls in rooms with ceilings 12 feet and higher, either permanently or temporarily.

Humans have always been aware of visible light and radiant heat but for most of history it was not known that these phenomena were connected or were representatives of a more extensive principle. The ancient Greeks recognized that light traveled in straight lines and studied some of its properties, including reflection and refraction. Light was intensively studied from the beginning of the 17th century leading to the invention of important instruments like the telescope and microscope. Isaac Newton was the first to use the term spectrum for the range of colours that white light could be split into with a prism. Starting in 1666, Newton showed that these colours were intrinsic to light and could be recombined into white light. A debate arose over whether light had a wave nature or a particle nature with René Descartes, Robert Hooke and Christiaan Huygens favouring a wave description and Newton favouring a particle description. Huygens in particular had a well developed theory from which he was able to derive the laws of reflection and refraction. Around 1801, Thomas Young measured the wavelength of a light beam with his two-slit experiment thus conclusively demonstrating that light was a wave.

At the middle range of UV, UV rays cannot ionize but can break chemical bonds, making molecules unusually reactive. Sunburn, for example, is caused by the disruptive effects of middle range UV radiation on skin cells, which is the main cause of skin cancer. UV rays in the middle range can irreparably damage the complex DNA molecules in the cells producing thymine dimers making it a very potent mutagen. Due to skin cancer caused by UV, the sunscreen industry was invented to combat UV damage. Mid UV wavelengths are called UVB and UVB lights such as germicidal lamps are used to kill germs and also to sterilize water.

Terahertz radiation or sub-millimeter radiation is a region of the spectrum from about 100 GHz to 30 terahertz (THz) between microwaves and far infrared which can be regarded as belonging to either band. Until recently, the range was rarely studied and few sources existed for microwave energy in the so-called terahertz gap, but applications such as imaging and communications are now appearing. Scientists are also looking to apply terahertz technology in the armed forces, where high-frequency waves might be directed at enemy troops to incapacitate their electronic equipment.[14] Terahertz radiation is strongly absorbed by atmospheric gases, making this frequency range useless for long-distance communication.

The Sun emits UV radiation (about 10% of its total power), including extremely short wavelength UV that could potentially destroy most life on land (ocean water would provide some protection for life there). However, most of the Sun's damaging UV wavelengths are absorbed by the atmosphere before they reach the surface. The higher energy (shortest wavelength) ranges of UV (called "vacuum UV") are absorbed by nitrogen and, at longer wavelengths, by simple diatomic oxygen in the air. Most of the UV in the mid-range of energy is blocked by the ozone layer, which absorbs strongly in the important 200–315 nm range, the lower energy part of which is too long for ordinary dioxygen in air to absorb. This leaves less than 3% of sunlight at sea level in UV, with all of this remainder at the lower energies. The remainder is UV-A, along with some UV-B. The very lowest energy range of UV between 315 nm and visible light (called UV-A) is not blocked well by the atmosphere, but does not cause sunburn and does less biological damage. However, it is not harmless and does create oxygen radicals, mutations and skin damage.

Near-infraredwavelength

Lumalier offers three portable surface UVC disinfection units that provide two mobile emergency response units for quick disinfection: The EDU and EDU-C Series:

UV is the lowest energy range energetic enough to ionize atoms, separating electrons from them, and thus causing chemical reactions. UV, X-rays, and gamma rays are thus collectively called ionizing radiation; exposure to them can damage living tissue. UV can also cause substances to glow with visible light; this is called fluorescence. UV fluorescence is used by forensics to detect any evidence like blood and urine, that is produced by a crime scene. Also UV fluorescence is used to detect counterfeit money and IDs, as they are laced with material that can glow under UV.

Traditionally, teachers used detergent to clean and chemicals to kill the germs on classroom surfaces. However, neither method protects the students and faculty from airborne pathogens. In addition, chemical disinfectants can cause allergy or asthma symptoms, breathing difficulties, skin burns, and eye damage.

Installing Lumalier AR Series UVC Fixtures into the HVAC system of a school provides several financial and environmental benefits:

The last portion of the electromagnetic spectrum was filled in with the discovery of gamma rays. In 1900, Paul Villard was studying the radioactive emissions of radium when he identified a new type of radiation that he at first thought consisted of particles similar to known alpha and beta particles, but with the power of being far more penetrating than either. However, in 1910, British physicist William Henry Bragg demonstrated that gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation, not particles, and in 1914, Ernest Rutherford (who had named them gamma rays in 1903 when he realized that they were fundamentally different from charged alpha and beta particles) and Edward Andrade measured their wavelengths, and found that gamma rays were similar to X-rays, but with shorter wavelengths.

The electromagnetic spectrum is the full range of electromagnetic radiation, organized by frequency or wavelength. The spectrum is divided into separate bands, with different names for the electromagnetic waves within each band. From low to high frequency these are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. The electromagnetic waves in each of these bands have different characteristics, such as how they are produced, how they interact with matter, and their practical applications.

Radio waves, at the low-frequency end of the spectrum, have the lowest photon energy and the longest wavelengths—thousands of kilometers, or more. They can be emitted and received by antennas, and pass through the atmosphere, foliage, and most building materials.

Disinfecting and cleaning classrooms to protect against dangerous microbes can boost students and faculty's productivity and morale, and will also work to keep them healthy. It can also help maintain the school's equipment.

Simple to operate, labor-free, and cost-effective to maintain. It replaces expensive, roll-in, portable surface disinfection robots.

Lumalier advanced engineering 2x2 upper-air UVC units combine dynamic and passive UVC disinfection for high-risk areas like classrooms, libraries, offices, etc. The 2x2 Series provides 360° coverage within a disinfection space, 1200 ft2, and 8+ ceiling height.

Lumalier offers four wall-mounted units that provide 180° upper-air coverage within a space: the GL, HW, WM, and CM Series:

Surface disinfection UV fixtures are engineered for high-level disinfection of contaminated surfaces that can spread infection.

After UV come X-rays, which, like the upper ranges of UV are also ionizing. However, due to their higher energies, X-rays can also interact with matter by means of the Compton effect. Hard X-rays have shorter wavelengths than soft X-rays and as they can pass through many substances with little absorption, they can be used to 'see through' objects with 'thicknesses' less than that equivalent to a few meters of water. One notable use is diagnostic X-ray imaging in medicine (a process known as radiography). X-rays are useful as probes in high-energy physics. In astronomy, the accretion disks around neutron stars and black holes emit X-rays, enabling studies of these phenomena. X-rays are also emitted by stellar corona and are strongly emitted by some types of nebulae. However, X-ray telescopes must be placed outside the Earth's atmosphere to see astronomical X-rays, since the great depth of the atmosphere of Earth is opaque to X-rays (with areal density of 1000 g/cm2), equivalent to 10 meters thickness of water.[16] This is an amount sufficient to block almost all astronomical X-rays (and also astronomical gamma rays—see below).

The region of the spectrum where a particular observed electromagnetic radiation falls is reference frame-dependent (due to the Doppler shift for light), so EM radiation that one observer would say is in one region of the spectrum could appear to an observer moving at a substantial fraction of the speed of light with respect to the first to be in another part of the spectrum. For example, consider the cosmic microwave background. It was produced when matter and radiation decoupled, by the de-excitation of hydrogen atoms to the ground state. These photons were from Lyman series transitions, putting them in the ultraviolet (UV) part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Now this radiation has undergone enough cosmological red shift to put it into the microwave region of the spectrum for observers moving slowly (compared to the speed of light) with respect to the cosmos.

The Lumalier EDU (Emergency Disinfection) Series 360° disinfection UVC fixture can move between unoccupied spaces for quick disinfection of surfaces - a superior solution for an emergency response for discharge events or regular cleanings that achieves 99.9 percent cleaner surfaces in a matter of minutes. The unit includes a delayed start timer, an adjustable disinfection timer, and a motion sensor.

In AHU & In Duct fixtures are installed inside ventilation systems and provide high-level, facility-wide disinfection of airborne pathogens.

Radio waves are extremely widely used to transmit information across distances in radio communication systems such as radio broadcasting, television, two way radios, mobile phones, communication satellites, and wireless networking. In a radio communication system, a radio frequency current is modulated with an information-bearing signal in a transmitter by varying either the amplitude, frequency or phase, and applied to an antenna. The radio waves carry the information across space to a receiver, where they are received by an antenna and the information extracted by demodulation in the receiver. Radio waves are also used for navigation in systems like Global Positioning System (GPS) and navigational beacons, and locating distant objects in radiolocation and radar. They are also used for remote control, and for industrial heating.

Infraredfrequency

Surface disinfection UV fixtures are engineered for high-level disinfection of contaminated surfaces that can spread infection.

A lack of disinfecting and cleanliness in a classroom can increase respiratory illness due to bacteria, viruses, and allergens by 50 to 370 percent, particularly in spaces with low ventilation rates. Fortunately, systematic disinfecting of classroom surfaces can decrease absenteeism during the peak flu season by 53 percent.

Typically, a classroom requires adequate ventilation, air filtering, cleaning (physically removing dirt, germs, etc.), and disinfecting (killing germs) to guarantee a pathogen-free indoor environment that will help protect the health of the students and teachers.

The use of the radio spectrum is strictly regulated by governments, coordinated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) which allocates frequencies to different users for different uses.

Throughout most of the electromagnetic spectrum, spectroscopy can be used to separate waves of different frequencies, so that the intensity of the radiation can be measured as a function of frequency or wavelength. Spectroscopy is used to study the interactions of electromagnetic waves with matter.[1]

Electromagnetic waves are typically described by any of the following three physical properties: the frequency f, wavelength λ, or photon energy E. Frequencies observed in astronomy range from 2.4×1023 Hz (1 GeV gamma rays) down to the local plasma frequency of the ionized interstellar medium (~1 kHz). Wavelength is inversely proportional to the wave frequency,[1] so gamma rays have very short wavelengths that are fractions of the size of atoms, whereas wavelengths on the opposite end of the spectrum can be indefinitely long. Photon energy is directly proportional to the wave frequency, so gamma ray photons have the highest energy (around a billion electron volts), while radio wave photons have very low energy (around a femtoelectronvolt). These relations are illustrated by the following equations:

Lumalier FL Series UVC fixtures permanently mount on the wall 18 inches from the occupied area's floor to provide continuous, daily disinfection of a floor's surface, which limits occupants' contact with pathogens - an ideal for schools, food manufacturing, and healthcare applications.

It can treat multiple rooms simultaneously without recurring high labor costs, ongoing annual high maintenance fees, storage, or damage issues.

Lumalier AR Series UVC fixtures work 24/7 to create a safe, comfortable indoor environment that neutralizes and eliminates airborne infectious pathogens that cause respiratory illness and disease.

The wave-particle debate was rekindled in 1901 when Max Planck discovered that light is absorbed only in discrete "quanta", now called photons, implying that light has a particle nature. This idea was made explicit by Albert Einstein in 1905, but never accepted by Planck and many other contemporaries. The modern position of science is that electromagnetic radiation has both a wave and a particle nature, the wave-particle duality. The contradictions arising from this position are still being debated by scientists and philosophers.

Infrared light wavelengthand frequency

Spectroscopy can detect a much wider region of the EM spectrum than the visible wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm in a vacuum. A common laboratory spectroscope can detect wavelengths from 2 nm to 2500 nm.[1] Detailed information about the physical properties of objects, gases, or even stars can be obtained from this type of device. Spectroscopes are widely used in astrophysics. For example, many hydrogen atoms emit a radio wave photon that has a wavelength of 21.12 cm. Also, frequencies of 30 Hz and below can be produced by and are important in the study of certain stellar nebulae[4] and frequencies as high as 2.9×1027 Hz have been detected from astrophysical sources.[5]

According to a study by the Center for Facilities Research at APPA (an association promoting leadership in educational facilities), when exposed to clean and disinfected environments, students achieve higher grades and graduation rates than in less maintained or clean schools.

Today, schools face the significant challenge of providing all children with a quality education from kindergarten through twelfth grade. School administrators must also ensure a safe and engaging classroom while complying with the new health standards that prevent the spreading of infectious diseases.

Infrared wavelengthrange in nm

The convention that EM radiation that is known to come from the nucleus is always called "gamma ray" radiation is the only convention that is universally respected, however. Many astronomical gamma ray sources (such as gamma ray bursts) are known to be too energetic (in both intensity and wavelength) to be of nuclear origin. Quite often, in high-energy physics and in medical radiotherapy, very high energy EMR (in the > 10 MeV region)—which is of higher energy than any nuclear gamma ray—is not called X-ray or gamma ray, but instead by the generic term of "high-energy photons".

Lumalier offers four options of fixed (permanent) surface UVC units for daily disinfection: BLU, FL, UVS, and ASD Series:

Whenever electromagnetic waves travel in a medium with matter, their wavelength is decreased. Wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, whatever medium they are traveling through, are usually quoted in terms of the vacuum wavelength, although this is not always explicitly stated.

Ventilation, through open doors, windows, vents, and fans, brings fresh, outdoor air into a classroom which helps keep pathogens from accumulating inside the space and infecting the students and teachers. Filtering air through the HVAC system can remove pollutants and pathogens.

Lumalier’s air handler unit (AHU) and duct fixture, the AR Series UVC, can improve a classroom's indoor air quality and energy efficiency. It installs inside a ventilation system to provide facility-wide, high-level disinfection of the airborne infectious pathogens that can cause respiratory disease and infection.