X-ray imaging works using x-ray photons, which are passed through a material and collected on the other side. The x-ray photons pass through materials differently based on their physical properties, including atomic weight, density and thickness.

With magnification and the capability to change the viewing angle, x-ray machines can be used to find these problems and more. Even better, all of these problems may be identified during a single inspection because, unlike medical imaging, operators do not need to worry about radiation dose during operation and can use the equipment for as long as they need.

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Generally, heavier elements absorb more x-ray photons, making them easier to image, while lighter elements are more transparent. Because different materials behave uniquely, differing amounts of photons are collected on the other side of the object, resulting in an image. Components in a PCB typically consist of heavier elements, making them easy to see on an x-ray image.

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PCB x-ray inspection systems can be divided into two sets of categories. Systems may be 2D or 3D and may be operated offline or online. These are explained in more detail below:

Selecting the best system for your operation must be carefully done — choosing a 2D or 3D system with online or offline capabilities will depend on the quantity of product inspected, the desired inspection quality and the amount of time available to complete the inspection process.

Inspection is an essential step in bringing a product to market. Thorough inspections can prevent costly failures and recalls and save the reputation of your business. For this reason, it’s crucial to partner with a PCB manufacturer that can offer quality x-ray inspections. EMSG can help.

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The increasing density, decreasing size and more complex placement of PCBs and their components have made it nearly impossible for traditional inspection methods to find faults thoroughly. Optical, ultrasonic and thermal imaging methods are relatively ineffective due to the density of modern PCBs.

X-ray inspection technology, also referred to as automated x-ray inspection, is a technology that can find hidden features within a target object. From the medical industry to aerospace manufacturing, x-ray inspection is a widely used method to identify manufacturing errors. It is especially prevalent in PCB inspection, as x-rays are an excellent way to test PCB quality and find hidden defects without risking damage to the board. In this guide, we’ll discuss what x-ray inspection is, how it works and what it’s benefits are, so you understand how to leverage PCB x-ray inspection for your company’s purposes.

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However, x-ray inspection can collect detailed images where these other methods cannot. X-ray has the ability to penetrate layers of PCB to inspect inner layers and packaging, making it more useful for inspecting the solder joints of complex PCB assemblies. For this reason, PCB inspection with x-ray technology is becoming increasingly popular.

To understand what x-ray PCB inspection is, you first need to know how x-ray inspection works. All x-ray inspection devices are made up of three basic features:

Electronics manufacturing has consistently become more sophisticated over the past several decades, with electronics in industrial, communication, military and aerospace industries advancing in ways that make inspection significantly more difficult. Some of the most significant trends that negatively affect inspection include:

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EMSG offers inspection as part of our PCB manufacturing services, and we pride ourselves on providing consistent quality. From consumer goods and telecom to utilities and maritime applications, EMSG can be your one-stop PCB manufacturing solution.

In x-ray images of PCBs, the metal is dark while other materials like glass, plastic and ceramics are transparent. This makes it easy to see metallic components. Combined with magnification capabilities, this allows inspectors to see various metallic parts on a board during PCB inspection with x-ray equipment. The x-ray will enable inspectors to see multiple qualities of a printed circuit and identify a range of potential problems, including:

At EMSG, we understand the importance of excellent quality control. We are a full-service supplier of inspection and testing solutions with 20,000 square feet of space and 4,000 square feet of office and engineering areas. Our testing area includes an x-ray inspection station featuring an x-ray source with digital controls, image identifiers and an X-Y table for adjustment. No matter your industry, EMSG can provide quality PCB inspection that meets the demands of your industry standards.

One specific example of how x-ray is used is in a ball grid array (BGA) inspection. A BGA is a surface mount device that uses an array of metal spheres made of solder to make connections. This type of device is popular, as it enables high-density connections without complicating the PCB layouts. The difficulty with BGAs, however, is that the connections are made on the underside of the BGA chip. This feature, as well as the density of the solder balls, makes it difficult to solder and de-solder and increases the likelihood of forming solder bridges. The location also makes BGA chip solder joints particularly difficult to inspect. X-ray simplifies the inspection process by looking through the device to see the solder joints underneath, easily identifying bridges.

Learn more about our capabilities today by requesting a quote or giving our offices a call at 717-764-0002 to speak with one of our knowledgeable representatives.