“It was a terrible, nasty crime, but it was gratifying to see that with the help of the RTCC, we were able to bring the family some closure,” says Ricupero.

In some cases, police may be able to fly a drone without a warrant, such as in public areas where there is no expectation of privacy, but they still need to adhere to the applicable laws and regulations.

Under ideal conditions, a typical police drone can see 4,000 meters or more during the day, but at night it can only see people 50m away. If you go beyond that distance, you can only see a blurry figure. But if the police drone is equipped with a camera with night vision capabilities, it can see farther and more clearly.

Police dronesat night

Drones can zoom in on areas of interest and provide the team with detailed information about what is happening on the ground.

With more real time crime centers springing up around the country, and thanks to the National Real Time Crime Center Association, established in 2022, investigators from different agencies find it easier to network on a case-by-case basis and share information gathered at their RTCCs.

Furthermore, it boasts an impressive IP53 rating, making it dust and rain-resistant, allowing it to operate effectively in challenging conditions.

Police drones are not unique in the drone world, as they look the same as any drone in most cases. However, police drones are able to fly in neighborhoods and restricted airspace in a way that commercial drones cannot.

Police departments across the country are increasing the use of body-worn cameras (BWCs) to record interactions between police officers and the public.

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The cost of a police drone can vary widely depending on the model, features, and accessories. Generally, a basic police drone can cost anywhere from $500 to $50,000 USD. It's important to note that the cost of a police drone may also include additional expenses such as training, maintenance, and insurance.

Moreover, its arsenal of safety measures, including 6-directional sensing and positioning and an arm lock indicator, fortifies its reputation as a reliable companion for law enforcement missions.

NYPD’s real time crime center was the first to open in 2005 and is among the nation’s largest, with several thousand integrated public and private cameras. It serves 77 precincts and supports 36,000 officers.

Additionally, it offers accessory mounting options, an RTK module for centimeter-level navigation accuracy, and robust data security features.

These additions help supply essential items like food, medicine, and first aid kits during emergencies, like natural disasters.

Police drones can cover a large area in a short amount of time, which delivers important and useful information faster than multiple officers on the ground. This allows for helping first responders to respond to emergencies and respond to other incidents more effectively.

Further, RTCCs “provide the space and data and resources to bring together people from different units of an agency, from other agencies or from the community” — like social services or private and corporate security — to work on solving and reducing crimes, says Hollywood.

This article highlights the advantages of utilizing drones in law enforcement, their applications, and top police drone options.

It stands out with its MG-120E gimbal camera, offering 30x optical zoom, infrared capabilities, and AI recognition and tracking.

Flying around crime scenes, drones can collect photos at different heights and angles, allowing for complete coverage of an area.

Its standout feature is the exceptional video transmission range of 15km, ensuring officers can maintain a strong connection even in challenging environments.

In addition, drones can provide first responders with critical information about the routes that need to be taken during search and rescue operations.

Fitted with the latest high-definition cameras and thermal imaging technology, law enforcement drones are designed to serve a much different purpose than commercial drones, primarily to help cops find suspects and traffic violations more efficiently and safely.

If you want to spot a drone at night, you can look for its lights, follow its sound, or detect its radio frequencies. You can also send your own signal to the space where you suspect the drone is located, and use a device to analyze the signal that bounces back to confirm the drone's presence.

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Building an RTCC comes with multiple challenges, he says. “There’s procurement and funding. There’s logistics. And there’s a lot of detail that goes into creating policies.” Policies are critical as the RTCC is handling massive amounts of often sensitive data.

Drones can search large areas in a short period, reducing the time required to locate victims and the time required for subsequent intervention.

The use of weapons on drones by police is generally not allowed due to legal and safety reasons. In addition, many countries have strict laws and regulations regarding the use of force by law enforcement, and the use of weaponized drones could be in violation of these laws.

Today, he picks investigators for the RTCC from all backgrounds, adds Ricupero, who spent most of his career working patrol before joining the real time crime center in 2016.

The idea of real time crime centers was in part inspired by London’s security cordon called Ring of Steel. In the 1990s, after a series of bombings by the Irish Republican Army, Britain’s capital put up video cameras in the historic City of London to help prevent terrorist attacks.

Other countries may have their own aviation authorities and regulations that police forces need to adhere to when operating drones. Additionally, police departments may also need to obtain permission from local authorities before flying drones in certain areas.

Canpoliceusedroneswithout a warrant

When flying at night, police drones may have lights attached to them to make them more visible to the operator and others in the area. These lights may be white, red, or green, and may be used to help the operator navigate the drone and identify objects in the dark.

The CW-15D VTOL Drone represents a cutting-edge aerial asset meticulously engineered to meet the precise demands of law enforcement agencies.

Once every few weeks, Lt. Michael Ricupero rushes from the second floor of One Police Plaza, NYPD’s iconic headquarters in Lower Manhattan, to join fellow cops at a nearby scene of a crime. He leaves a large room packed with wall-mounted monitors and multi-screen workstations, high-fives several patrol officers on his way down, jumps in a squad car and races to the scene he had just analyzed, armed with his service weapon — and tons of data.

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A conventional manned helicopter and fixed-wing drone require specialized ground crews, multiple shifts of pilots and co-pilots, and runways or helipads, which means they are expensive to acquire, equip, and maintain. By contrast, a drone doesn't even require paying staff to control and monitor it, nor does it require high maintenance costs.

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At NYPD, most data gathered in the RTCC is used to support patrol officers during 911 calls or help detectives solve cases, says Ricupero. He frequently engages in community events to keep the public informed about the work at the RTCC. Also, the city is required to publish major new technologies on its website and allow the public to comment.

Based on video feeds and LPR technology, they try to determine the make and model of the vehicle, if possible, get a partial license plate number, and then recreate the car’s vehicle identification number.

One example would be using AI to link live facial recognition software to weapons detection technology — an approach that has the potential to make arrests faster and safer, he says.

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The Matrice 300 RTK is replete with advanced mapping features, including Terrain Follow and Smart Oblique, streamlining data collection for investigative and strategic missions.

For NYPD’s real time crime center, the future is set for growth. Last November, the department revealed a new real time crime center van which replaced the older model. It’s equipped with the same technology as the RTCC and built to support officers and detectives in the field. The van has a 50-inch tablet with interactive mapping and video conferencing capabilities and an external screen that can display information for the public. In May, the city announced the launch of a real-time information platform that allows businesses to link their private CCTV cameras with the real-time crime center to share and integrate video feeds. The goal is to jointly combat retail theft and further improve efficiencies in policing.

Distinguished by a robust and weather-resistant design featuring an IP54 rating, this drone remains undaunted even in the face of adversarial climatic conditions.

Ricupero and his team worked the case. They ran facial recognition of all the videos. Scanned thousands of social media posts, “and it snowballed from there, a combination of smart technology and good basic police work.” One by one, 14 gang members were arrested, and five were later convicted of murder.

The JOUAV CW-30E VTOL Drone is a robust and versatile police drone tailored for extended surveillance and reconnaissance missions.

At NYPD, most data gathered in the RTCC is used to support patrol officers during 911 calls or help detectives solve cases.

“It’s amazing to see when it all comes together,” says the 19-year veteran of the New York City Police Department. Ricupero is in charge of investigations, facial recognition and special projects at the agency’s real time crime center.

In monitoring large gatherings and events, drone surveillance provides a broader view of crowd gatherings and transmits real-time data to crowd control teams.

The DJI Mavic 2 Enterprise Advanced is a compact and technologically advanced police drone designed to excel in a wide range of law enforcement operations.

“Some people think we have secret gadgets here,” Ricupero says, smiling. “We don’t. We want and need to gain the community’s trust, so we’ve got to be transparent.”

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NYPD’s real-time crime center was the first to open in 2005 and is among the nation’s largest, with several thousand integrated public and private cameras. It serves 77 precincts and supports 36,000 officers.

This drone supports dual real-time streaming with low latency, making it ideal for real-time surveillance and data collection.

With up to 8 hours of flight time, a maximum cruising speed of 90km/h, and a 200km flight range, it excels in large-area surveillance.

These police drones are typically equipped with dual cameras, including a high-definition camera with powerful zoom capabilities and a thermal camera that can operate in low light and low-visibility conditions.

Its exceptional attributes encompass a prodigious flight endurance of up to 55 minutes and a remarkable operational ceiling of 7,000 meters, making it supremely suited for real-time monitoring and expansive surveillance tasks.

Deploying drones to investigate these highly volatile and dangerous scenarios not only keeps officers safe but expands the aerial industry and allows law enforcement to collect more informational data in real-time.

Drones can quickly acquire aerial data over large areas, which allows rescuers to map the entire search area and pinpoint where missing people may be trapped.

When it comes to police drones, the noise levels can vary. The smaller ones with electric motors make a buzzing or whirring sound that's pretty quiet, hard to hear from a distance. But those bigger ones with gasoline engines or fancy propulsion systems can be louder, like mini airplanes or helicopters.

Yes, in most countries, police forces need special permission to fly drones. They need to follow regulations and obtain the necessary certifications from the relevant aviation authorities. For instance, in the United States, police departments must comply with the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) regulations for flying drones, including obtaining a remote pilot certificate and following specific flight rules.

In the beginning, most investigators in the RTCC had a background as detectives, mainly warrant detectives, Ricupero says, “because they tap into every data source they can find, and they think outside of the box.” They also had to be tech-savvy, which was not a given in 2005.

All the available technology — from cameras to LPRs to gun detection technology — is helpful in and by itself, says Ricupero. But “it’s a game changer when it’s leveraged through data analytics,” he adds — scanned, processed and distilled so that patrol officers and detectives in the field can access the information on their phones or tablets as they respond to an incident or work a crime scene.

There have been several milestones in implementing new technologies over the past two decades at NYPD’s real time crime center. In 2011, the RTCC launched its facial identification unit. In 2013, the RTCC started its GPS tracking program due to an increase in robberies in pharmacies and has evolved into a program with devices installed at banks, ATMs and retail stores, and hidden in currency packs, cellphone boxes and pill bottles.

With a maximum speed of 45 mph (72 kph) and improved aerodynamic performance, it is built for agility and speed, allowing for rapid response in critical situations.

Furthermore, the inclusion of a Sonar Sensor for Collision Avoidance enhances safety during flights, and it supports multiple navigation systems, including GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo, ensuring precise and worry-free flying experiences.

The Parrot ANAFI USA is a compact and highly portable drone designed to meet the diverse needs of law enforcement agencies.

At RTCCs, police gather and analyze data in real or close to real time. The goal is to support officers and detectives in the field. Real time crime centers gather surveillance, intelligence and other data from multiple sources — including video, computer-aided dispatch (CAD), automated license plate readers (LPR), gunshot detection sensors, records management systems and GPS mapping — and integrate the data into one information ecosystem.

This camera system affords law enforcement a holistic, real-time visual perspective. Remarkably, the drone boasts an extended operational endurance, with a maximum flight time of up to 180 minutes, underpinned by an intelligent battery and charger system.

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Police drones are proving to be an essential tool for law enforcement agencies, enabling them to respond to emergencies safely, quickly, and efficiently.

In 2017, NYPD launched its vehicle identification group inside the RTCC — “facial recognition for automobiles,” as Ricupero calls it. Up to 10 investigators work in the unit at any given time. They are “passionate car people,” says the police lieutenant. One is a former engineer; another is a mechanic.

This is due in part to advances in drone technology and in part to the fact that drones are becoming more affordable and accessible.

A 2019 study, conducted by the RAND Corporation and funded by the federal Bureau of Justice Assistance, looked at several district-level real time crime centers in Chicago. The study found that having technology support hubs and analysts in place, combined with regular meetings led by command staff, resulted in higher levels of awareness, more rapid decision-making and responsive actions, says Hollywood, the lead author of the study. This led to “a significant drop in crime, especially robberies and burglaries,” he adds.

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Drones are being used by law enforcement around the world in many emergencies and tactical operations due to the following advantages:

They deployed drones 1,171 times, with 352 drones used after emergencies and 27 in response to disasters. This cost nearly $1 million.

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The RMUS Heavy Duty Police Drone is a cutting-edge aerial platform designed to cater specifically to the demanding needs of law enforcement agencies.

However, some countries, such as China and Russia, have reportedly developed military-grade drones that can be equipped with weapons, but these drones are not typically used for civilian law enforcement purposes.

NYPD recently launched a “drone as first responder” (DFR) program, which is gaining popularity among agencies across the nation. The idea is to have drones evaluate the scene and circumstances of a 911 call before officers arrive, making their response safer and more effective. NYPD’s new drone program is not yet tied into the RTCC, says Ricupero, but investigators can get access to the drone feeds if needed. “I would like to credit New York City Mayor Eric Adams, NYPD Police Commissioner Edward Caban and NYPD Deputy Commissioner of Operations Kaz Daughtry for getting this technology into the hands of NYPD officers,” notes Ricupero.

No, drones for law enforcement cannot see through walls with standard cameras because the light in the room does not penetrate the walls.

A typical police drone can stay in the air for 10 to 30 minutes, while high-end police drones can fly for even an hour or more. However, police drone hours depend on the types of drones (A fixed-wing drone provides a flight time greater than that of a multirotor), flight weight, battery capacity, battery operating temperature (when the battery temperature exceeds 20 degrees, the battery will consume more energy), and weather conditions (strong winds will shorten the battery capacity).

The police drones are equipped with high-definition cameras with powerful zoom capabilities, combined with thermal cameras that allow them to observe at night as if they were in daylight.

Yes, you can if you follow the drone laws set by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) or any regulatory agency with jurisdiction over your area. In a study conducted by the Bard Institute, more than 300 state and local law enforcement officials were found to already be using drones in some way.

Watchdog organizations and community representatives have raised concerns about privacy violations and the specter of “Big Brother.” That’s why law enforcement must be clear and transparent about what they do “with the data operationally, especially with information collected through surveillance,” says John Hollywood, senior researcher at the RAND Corporation and expert on the use of technology in policing.

“Over the last two years, our real time crime center was able to assist patrol in over 100 arrests thanks to the tracking going off,” according to Ricupero.

In 2018, 15-year-old Lesandro “Junior” Guzman-Feliz was killed in the Bronx in a case of mistaken identity by a Dominican-American gang. He was stabbed with large knives and machetes, and the murder was captured on CCTV and cellphone video.

But there are quiet drones out there! Yep, some manufacturers are working on creating drones that hardly make a peep. These innovative machines are designed to minimize noise, especially in urban areas or during sensitive operations. They fly with grace and efficiency while keeping the decibels down.

This drone also supports advanced AI features like intelligent route planning and obstacle avoidance, enhancing mission effectiveness.

In 2020, according to a report by the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension in 2021, law enforcement agencies in Minnesota used drones extensively.

The drone comes equipped with the E50 camera, featuring a 1-inch CMOS sensor and a 40mm equivalent lens, ensuring high-quality 4K video capture at 30fps.

As the name implies, police drones are drones that are owned and operated by various law enforcement agencies. These machines have multi-intelligence capabilities that can navigate and sense in multiple directions at any given time.

Yes, many professional drones can be equipped with infrared sensors that can help detect heat sources, including the human body and animals.

Today, NYPD’s real time crime center has a staff of full-time investigators who operate 24/7 across three shifts. All are sworn officers, unlike some agencies where civilian data analysts work alongside police.

Hollywood sees the short-term trend going in the direction of more cameras and more integration — city-mounted cameras, traffic cameras, security cameras by private businesses or homeowners, like Ring doorbell cameras — and more sophisticated analytics software to process the data.

Real time crime centers, or RTCCs, have been around for almost two decades but started to boom in the past few years. Today, over 300 police departments across the U.S. have a centralized technology hub, according to the National Real-Time Crime Center Association.

The VIO positioning system ensures safe returns even in GPS-deprived or adverse weather conditions, while the RTK module provides centimeter-level accuracy.

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Lt. Michael Ricupero leads the NYPD’s real time crime center. “Some people think we have secret gadgets here,” Ricupero says, smiling. “We don’t. We want and need to gain the community’s trust, so we’ve got to be transparent.”

Police drones come in different sizes depending on their intended use. The smallest police drones can fit in the palm of your hand and weigh less than 250 grams, while larger ones can have wingspans of up to 2 meters (6.5 feet) or more and weigh over 25 kilograms (55 pounds). The size of a police drone depends on its payload capacity, flight time, and other specifications required for its specific policing tasks.

Equipped with a night-vision FPV camera, it excels in nocturnal operations, substantially augmenting operational safety and efficacy.

The Yuneec H520E is a versatile and dependable police drone designed to meet the demanding requirements of law enforcement agencies.

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The flight range of a police drone can vary depending on its design, battery life, and other factors. In general, most police drones can fly up to several kilometers (typically between 3-7 kilometers or 2-4 miles) from the operator, although some high-end models can have a drone range of up to 15 kilometers (9 miles) or more.

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The open architecture and comprehensive SDK application development platform facilitate extensive customization, rendering the CW-15D adaptable to the nuanced requirements of diverse missions.

It may be difficult for police officers on the ground to assess the causes and dynamics of traffic congestion, but a drone can easily solve this problem by flying overhead to determine the cause of traffic jams.

Its six-rotor hexacopter design provides stability and agility, making it well-suited for various surveillance and reconnaissance missions.

This navigable drone 3D model allows the team to view and perform every angle of the scene, study vehicle damage up close, and gather important insights such as skid marks, and distances of each vehicle.

Over the past two decades, felonies and misdemeanors in the Big Apple have been on a decline, according to NYPD crime statistics — including murder, robbery, assault, property theft and criminal trespass. The reasons are multi-faceted, but the real time crime center certainly plays a role in the downward trend, says Ricupero.

The maximum altitude and drone altitude limits of police drones are influenced by their size and capabilities. Their rated operating altitude can range from 1,200 feet above the ground to a flight level of more than 22,000 feet, and their service ceiling can range from 50 to 60,000 feet. However, according to the FAA, the maximum allowable flight altitude for commercial high-altitude drones is 400 feet above the ground.

Drones have become an important tool for crash scene investigation, which can capture aerial images and generate a 3D model of the crash scene.

Advanced flight control features, including autonomous obstacle avoidance, further enhance its capabilities, while cloud-based management software provides comprehensive control and data sharing for collaborative operations.

The DJI Matrice 300 RTK epitomizes excellence in the realm of law enforcement drones, delivering unparalleled performance and unwavering reliability.

Real-time technology integration can also improve officer safety, says RAND researcher Hollywood. Immediately available information about the area, the site and the suspects can increase officers’ situational awareness as they respond to a call.

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According to the latest statistics from Atlas of Surveillance, a project of the EFF and the University of Nevada, at least 1,172 police departments across the country are using drones.

With more real-time crime centers springing up around the country, and thanks to the National Real-Time Crime Center Association, established in 2022, investigators from different agencies find it easier to network on a case-by-case basis and share information gathered at their RTCCs.

In most countries, the use of drones by police without a warrant is subject to legal restrictions and limitations. Police may only use drones for specific purposes, such as search and rescue missions, traffic management, or in emergency situations, and they must follow legal and ethical guidelines when doing so.

The drone's thermal sensor boasts a 30Hz refresh rate and utilizes radiometric technology, enabling precise temperature measurement during flight.

Depends on the make and model of the drone. Most commercial drones can reach 60km/h with ease, with the latest JOUAV CW-30E VTOL drone doing around 90km/h. According to the FAA Rules and Regulations, if you have no special waiver, you can only fly during daylight hours, no faster than 160 miles per hour.

RTCCs can also support joint security efforts during high-profile events, like political conventions, protests and riots, or major sports tournaments.

In today's active time of shootings and terrorist attacks, more and more police forces are using drones to safely and quickly apprehend suspects.

The dual cameras, including infrared thermal imaging with a resolution of 640x512 at 30fps, enable the capture of highly detailed imagery, making it ideal for search and rescue operations.

His main advice for agencies considering building a real-time crime center is to start small, set realistic goals, and expand in clearly defined increments. They should always “stay innovative and curious,” says Ricupero — and occasionally get out into the field to see how the ever-smarter technology applies in the real world of policing.

The Autel EVO II Dual 640T Enterprise is a high-performance police drone designed to handle demanding law enforcement tasks.

“It was a one-of-a-kind creation and a very innovative idea back then,” says Ricupero. What started in New York spread across the country and eventually the world.

For most police work, drones that provide high-quality live video, are both user-friendly, reliable, and safe are the most popular.

One of its standout features is the dual camera system, which includes a standard visual (zoom) camera and a FLIR thermal camera with impressive resolution and thermal zoom capabilities.

What sets the H520E apart is its interchangeable gimbal system, allowing for quick switching between different gimbal options, making it adaptable for diverse scenarios.

In the U.S., fusion centers have been around for decades. They were designed for law enforcement agencies to share intelligence at a federal level. After 9/11, New York City officials looked into localizing the concept of fusion centers, with the idea to create a live picture of crime in the city. Funded by a $11 million grant from the New York City Police Foundation, NYPD built a Grand Data Warehouse and giant intelligence search engine with access to 35 different data sources. It also integrated a sprawling network of CCTV cameras and license plate readers.

Also, a camera connected to the RTCC at the call location allows investigators to “basically surveil the scene where the officers are operating and respond in real-time,” says Hollywood, for example, by sending backup.

Importantly, positive “hits” on pictures of people run through facial recognition software do not give investigators probable cause to arrest any suspect, they simply point talented investigators in the right direction — as in the Guzman-Feliz killing.

Drones are small and compact, and these design features allow them to be deployed quickly. Law enforcement officers can have them in the air in minutes and allow them to monitor and capture video and images of the incident in question.

Ricupero says he sees the benefits of the RTCC every day, but one example where all the elements of integrated, real-time technology came together was the Junior Guzman case.

Its standout feature is the MG-120E gimbal camera, an optical marvel that seamlessly integrates a 30x zoom optical camera, a 640*512 infrared camera, and a 3-axis gimbal, further bolstered by AI recognition and tracking capabilities.

This information can help make critical decisions for the control team. In the event of an emergency, in-depth situational awareness helps the team respond effectively and promptly.

However, he encourages agencies considering implementing the technology to not just look at it as a real-time response tool. They should also use video feeds and map displays to identify and understand crime patterns in their jurisdictions.

Compared to traditional human forensics, the speed with which drones can move from place to place and collect an uninterrupted stream of data is unparalleled.

Drones can enter a dangerous environment and provide decision-makers with a real-time view of what is happening. The appropriate team members are then dispatched afterward, helping you and your officers avoid dangerous situations.

Distinguished by its vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) capabilities, this drone excels in environments characterized by spatial constraints, such as densely wooded terrains and rugged mountainous landscapes.

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When a disaster strikes, a rapid and effective response is critical to assisting people, reducing the number of victims, and mitigating the economic impact.

Ricupero expects AI to play a big role in the future of policing, especially in the real time crime center, “as long as we use it in a responsible and transparent way, and as long as there’s always a human behind the AI,” he says.

Data security is ensured with AES-256 encryption, and its VTOL design enables vertical take-off and landing in confined spaces and on moving surfaces like ships and vehicles.

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These models enable investigators to measure things and analyze data, such as determining the impact force between objects or confirming the precise location of evidence items in the field.