If an exposure incident with a specific client leads to a positive test result for HIV, HBV or HCV, midwives are legally obligated to report the result to Public Health. After the exposure incident, midwives also have an ethical obligation to inform the client that their testing revealed a positive serologic status. The CMO requires that this information be reported to the client so they may seek appropriate care and prevent further transmission. The CMO also requires that members report positive serologic status to the College as soon as reasonably possible4. Finally, to reduce the risk of transmission to other clients, midwives have an ethical obligation to seek advice on appropriate measures to prevent transmission in their clinical practice.

You can make decisions regarding the use of PeP in consultation with the occupational health team or the physician to whom you have been referred. You and your physician will determine if unknown viral status should be treated as positive or if PeP should be initiated based on risk factors

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(e.g., sharps injury, pathogen contact with mucous membranes (including the eye) or contact with skin that is abraded, inflamed or otherwise not intact). If PeP is necessary, rapid response increases its potential for effectiveness.

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If you have been exposed to blood borne pathogens, consult with a physician as soon as possible. The physician can provide a risk assessment on the likelihood of pathogen transmission and the potential need for post-exposure prophylaxis (PeP). PeP is medication that you take after exposure to a pathogen to prevent becoming infected.

To assess your exposure risk, it is essential to determine the type of bodily fluid you have been exposed to. Some bodily fluids are considered potentially infectious for pathogens such as HIV, HBV and HCV, while others are not2.

AS 1319 specifies that Fire Signs should advise the location of fire alarms and fire fighting facilities. Fire Signs shall comprise a red rectangul...

1. Ontario Hospital Association and Ontario Medical Association. Blood Borne Diseases Surveillance Protocol For Ontario Hospitals. [Internet]. 2018. [cited 2019 June 19]. Retrieved from https://www.oha.com/Documents/Blood%20Borne%20Diseases%20Protocol%20(November%202018).pdf

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AS 1319 specifies that Fire Signs should advise the location of fire alarms and fire fighting facilities. Fire Signs shall comprise a red rectangul...

Fire extinguisher discs are used to label different types of fire extinguishers and communicate the type of fire that they can be used for.

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HIROC, midwives’ Professional Liability Insurance provider, provides supplementary coverage for all HIV positive individuals who are working for midwifery practice group. To obtain payment, HIROC requires that the notice of positive test result be filed within 90 days of first learning of the incident.

AS 1319 specifies that Fire Signs should advise the location of fire alarms and fire fighting facilities. Fire Signs shall comprise a red rectangul...

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4. College of Midwives of Ontario. Standard on Blood Borne Pathogens. [Internet]. Toronto; 2014 [Cited 2019 Apr 10]. Retrieved from: http://www.cmo.on.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Blood-Borne-Pathogens.pdf

AS 1319 specifies that Fire Signs should advise the location of fire alarms and fire fighting facilities. Fire Signs shall comprise a red rectangul...

Transmission of a blood borne pathogen requires exposure to an infectious bodily fluid via a portal of entry (i.e., non-intact skin, percutaneous injury, mucous membrane). If a blood borne pathogen has no portal of entry into the body, there is no risk of transmission. Occupational exposures most commonly occur as a result of sharps injuries1. Although HIV, HBV and HCV can be transmitted through blood or other bodily fluids, their estimated risk of transmission following percutaneous (sharps) exposure is2:

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AS 1319 specifies that Fire Signs should advise the location of fire alarms and fire fighting facilities. Fire Signs shall comprise a red rectangul...

When health-care workers are exposed to bodily fluids at work, they face the risk of occupational exposure and infection1. Occupational exposure occurs when bodily fluids come into contact with a health-care worker’s non-intact skin via abrasions, mucous membranes such as the mouth, nose and eyes, and percutaneous injuries from needlesticks or sharp objects.

If the viral status of the client/source is unknown, it is important to obtain baseline testing for HIV, HBV and HCV immediately after exposure. Follow-up testing should be arranged at six weeks and four months for HIV, and at three months and six months for HBV and HCV1.

AS 1319 specifies that Fire Signs should advise the location of fire alarms and fire fighting facilities. Fire Signs shall comprise a red rectangul...

AS 1319 specifies that Fire Signs should advise the location of fire alarms and fire fighting facilities. Fire Signs shall comprise a red rectangul...

Fire extinguisher signs indicate to the public the location of a fire extinguisher in case of an emergency. They are recognised by a white symbol on a red background with the words ‘FIRE EXTINGUISHER’, and should be secured to the wall two metres from the ground for clear visibility.

Safetysigns.com.au is Australian owned & operated. All our products are of a very high standard and comply with all applicable Australian Standards.

3. Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario). Provincial Infectious Diseases Advisory Committee (PIDAC). Infection Prevention and Control for Clinical Office Practice. 2 ed. [Internet] Toronto, ON: Queen’s Printer for Ontario. April 2015. [cited 2019 Apr 10]

Although there are a number of pathogens that health-care workers could be exposed to during an occupational exposure, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) rank as the most critical when considering exposure prevention and management.

2. St. Michael’s Hospital. Pocket P.E.P. Clinical management of non-occupational and occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens: A pocket reference [Internet]. Toronto; 2013 [Updated 2019; cited 2019 Apr 10]. Retrieved from: http://www.stmichaelshospital.com/pdf/programs/pocket-pep.pdf