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This heightened responsibility encompasses practical waste management, including the comprehensive codification of the European Waste Catalogue (EWC) and extends to the management of temporary storage facilities.

We have understood what industrial waste is, the difference between it and municipal waste, and the regulations surrounding it. However, we have not yet delved into the specific categories of materials that fall under this classification of waste.

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In fact, we refer to these as “industrial waste assimilated to municipal waste” because they can be considered, in terms of management and disposal, similar to regular municipal waste. Examples include waste paper, cardboard, glass waste, and scrap glass.

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According to the 2021 report “National Waste Management Planning – PNGR,” the total volume of industrial waste managed in Italy amounts to 164.5 million tonnes. Of this total, 154.7 million tonnes (94%) constitute non-hazardous waste, while 9.8 million tonnes (6%) qualify as hazardous waste.

To gain a comprehensive understanding of what constitutes industrial waste, it is crucial to begin with the fundamental definition of waste, which differs from secondary raw material and by-product.

Before disposal, proper waste storage is crucial. Waste materials are stored within the producing facilities, following temporary storage guidelines, until they are transported to specialized disposal or recovery facilities.

In Italy, the EWC was incorporated on January 1, 2002, through Legislative Decree 152/2006, replacing the existing legislation (Directive 2000/532/EC).

Technological innovation and diversification of waste treatment methods have provided various options for disposal, including landfill storage, thermal treatment, and recycling at specialized centers.

The authority to assimilate industrial waste is granted to each municipality, in accordance with Article 198 of Legislative Decree 152/06, which assigns the responsibility for collection and proper management.

Included in this category are household waste items, which fall under the industrial waste disposal services provided by the Public Administration (PA).

For further details on how to complete the Waste Identification Form, exemptions from its completion, and other pertinent aspects addressed by the regulations, we recommend reading this comprehensive guide: The Waste Form: Legal Obligations, Sanctions, and Document Management.

To fully grasp the distinction between these two waste categories, our focus should not solely be on their physical or chemical composition, but rather on two specific aspects: their origin and the entities responsible for their management.

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However, the most significant innovation lies in the increased involvement of various stakeholders in materials and waste management, along with the expanded responsibility for disposal.

While the producer of the waste retains overall responsibility for its management, once it is delivered to authorized entities, they still maintain responsibility for the associated materials.

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The management of industrial waste is based on direct relationships between the waste producer (e.g., the producing company) and the service provider (e.g., the disposal plant or other stakeholders involved). As for Municipal Waste, the Public Administration is responsible for its management, through the provision of dedicated services.

In the case of industrial waste management, this responsibility falls on entities such as private companies, which are equipped with expertise and specific tools to effectively manage such types of waste.

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On the other hand, urban waste encompasses materials with domestic origins, meaning they are produced by citizens within their households.

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Hazardous industrial waste, also referred to as “toxic hazardous waste,” refers to waste derived from production processes that contain significant quantities of pollutants and toxic substances. As a result, it is crucial to mitigate their hazardous nature by handling them in a special manner.

This is the general classification of industrial waste. There is also a further important and specific subdivision according to regulations, which distinguishes between hazardous and non-hazardous industrial waste.

According to the latest update of Legislative Decree 25/2010, waste is defined as any substance or object that a holder discards, intends to discard, or is obligated to discard.

These classes correspond to the industrial sectors from which the substances originated. There are a total of twenty classes:

According to the report published by ISPRA (Institute for Environmental Protection and Research) for the year 2019, industrial waste in Italy originates from various sectors. Significantly the percentages of waste produced by each sector are as follows:

The second key aspect, as previously mentioned, pertains to the parties involved in managing industrial waste. In the case of urban waste, it is the public administration that oversees its management, as you may already be aware. Conversely, industrial waste is handled and disposed of by a network of authorized private companies. In this sense, Industrial Symbiosis is a key strategy to deal with industrial waste management in a sustainable way.

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The European Waste Catalogue (EWC) is a comprehensive list, established under Directive 75/442/EEC, that encompasses various types of waste.

The main objective of the EWC is to give common guidelines for identifying waste, a task that we recall is the responsibility of the waste producer, and for knowing in detail how to handle it, especially if it is industrial waste, even more so if it is hazardous.

Assimilable industrial waste refers to waste materials that can be disposed of in municipal waste facilities, while non-assimilable industrial waste cannot be disposed of in such facilities.

Primary sectors that contribute to the production of hazardous waste encompass construction, mining, household area waste, and waste management. According to the report, there has been a slight increase in overall hazardous waste production since 2008.

Regarding the first aspect, industrial waste refers to waste materials that result from specific manufacturing processes within industrial facilities.

While numerous waste prevention programs aim to reduce the generation of hazardous waste, they often receive less attention compared to waste management aspects and encounter limitations in terms of financial support. The report also sheds light on data quality issues resulting from changes in waste classification and the definition of hazardous waste, which can influence the formulation of national targets and indicators.

It’s important to note that the WIF is not the only relevant document for waste transportation. In the case of industrial hazardous waste, additional extensive documentation must be prepared, following the regulatory guidelines outlined in the Accord Dangereuses Route (ADR) and Regulation concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail (RID).

This legislative update was implemented to align with the European directives on Circular Economy, leading to a thorough review of various aspects outlined in the 2006 Environment Code (D. L. 152/2006).

The 2015 report by the European Environment Agency (Prevention of Hazardous Waste in Europe) focuses on the prevention of hazardous waste across Europe. It examines the current trends in hazardous waste quantities generated in both the European Union as a whole and individual member countries. The findings highlight that in 2012, hazardous waste accounted for nearly 4% of the total waste production in the EU.

Furthermore, the disposal process must adhere to specific criteria, such as avoiding any form of emission, effluent, or negative impact on human health and the environment, in comparison to the disposal process within dedicated municipal waste management facilities.

On the other hand, we have industrial non-hazardous waste. These are waste materials generated by industrial activities and businesses that do not contain infectious, toxic, mutagenic, or corrosive substances.

The hazardousness of waste is identified using the abbreviation “HP” (Hazardous Properties) and a number that corresponds to increasing levels of hazard.

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Industrial waste, also known as industrial waste, refers to production scraps resulting from the manufacturing processes of companies. Due to their unique characteristics, industrial waste requires specific management procedures and appropriate disposal methods. These waste materials are subject to precise classification in accordance with current regulations.

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The issue of disposing of industrial waste, especially hazardous waste, requires careful consideration. Specific disposal solutions exist for each category of industrial waste, which are constantly updated and developed.

The current legislation governing the management and disposal of industrial waste in Italy is Decree Law 116/2020. This decree serves as a comprehensive reference point for waste management practices throughout the country.

The Waste Identification Form is a crucial regulatory document that must accompany waste during transportation to ensure traceability.

While this guide itself provides a general overview of EWC codes, for a more in-depth understanding, we recommend reading the article on the Rifiutoo website titled “What is EWC?“.

Learn about the definition of industrial waste, the differences with municipal waste and the importance of its proper management. Learn more about EWC codes, industrial waste classes and current legislation.

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