If you notice discoloration of a cap before the container expiration date, contact the chemical manufacturer to provide the lot number and request a replacement cap.  Only a cap from the manufacturer may be used as a replacement.

All containers of concentrated, strongly oxidizing acids such as nitric and chromic acid must be labeled with the date received and an expiration date.  If there is no expiration date printed on the label, a 2-year expiration should be used for plastic bottles, and a 5-year expiration for glass bottles.  Dispose of the expired material as chemical waste through EHRS.

After prolonged storage, containers of concentrated acids such as nitric acid >50% will start to degrade.  This is especially true for the plastic caps provided with glass bottles and for containers made of plastic.  Damaged containers may result in spills, injury, and/or damage to storage cabinets.

No researcher may work independently with the hazardous material described in this SOP until the Principal Investigator (or their designee) has ensured that the researcher:

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Contact Penn Police (511) only if the spill involves a fire, imminent risk of fire, an injury requiring an ambulance, or if there is a hazard that may affect others in the building.

Consider the potential routes of exposure and health consequences when selecting personal protective equipment (PPE) for tasks involving corrosive chemicals.

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Decontaminate all surfaces that have come in contact with corrosive chemicals and clean-up small spills promptly.  See the chemical Safety Data Sheet or contact EHRS for assistance with determining an appropriate decontamination method.  See “Spills” below for instruction on what to do in the event of a large or hazardous spill of an corrosive chemical.

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In addition to the minimum lab apparel and PPE requirements, other protective equipment may be necessary to reduce risks.  When additional equipment (such as tight-fitting chemical splash goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, or disposable lab coats) are required, a Hazard Control Plan must be written to document the risk assessment and controls.

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All work that involves the handling or transfer of corrosive chemicals requires the approval of the P.I.  The P.I. must ensure that the person or team who will be working with the corrosive chemicals understands the hazards and has received adequate training and supervision for the procedure.

Emergency irrigation (safety shower, eyewash) must be accessible within a 10-second travel distance of the area where the work is performed.

For complete hazardous waste guidelines, see the waste section of the EHRS website: Laboratory Chemical Waste Management Guidelines

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Corrosive chemicals are substances that cause visible destruction or permanent changes in human skin tissue at the site of contact, or are highly corrosive to steel. Corrosive chemicals can be liquids, solids, or gases and can affect the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract.  The major classes of corrosives include strong acids, bases, and dehydrating agents.  Liquid corrosive chemicals are those with a pH of 4.0 or lower or a pH of 9 or higher. Solid chemicals are considered corrosive when in solution; they fall in the above pH range. A highly corrosive chemical has a pH of 2 or lower or a pH of 12.5 or higher. Injurious chemicals cause tissue destruction at the site of contact.

The fume hood is designed to capture chemical vapor and the hood sash acts as a shield in case of chemical splash.  The sash must be kept closed as much as feasible.

Specially designed corrosion-resistant cabinets should be used for the storage of corrosive materials. For new lab construction, renovations, and whenever possible in existing labs, the specifications for corrosive cabinets found in the Laboratory Design & Equipment section of the EHRS website should be followed.

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For any task that requires safety controls beyond those specified in this SOP, a task-specific Hazard Control Plan (HCP) must be written.  The HCP must be sent to EHRS for review.  EHRS will upload the HCP to the “documents” section of the lab’s BioRAFT page.

Proper storage and transport of Corrosive Chemicals must be determined by assessing all of the hazards and physical properties of the chemical.

To identify the chemicals with this hazard in your ChemTracker chemical inventory, use the instructions in EHRS Tip Sheet:  Completing a Hazard List Analysis.

Whenever feasible, work with corrosive chemicals in open or closed systems must be done in a designated area of a laboratory inside of a properly functioning chemical fume hood.  Work with some concentrated and highly toxic corrosive chemicals must always be performed in a chemical fume hood.  Contact EHRS if you are unsure of the ventilation requirements for your procedure.

Mechanical vacuum pumps must be protected using cold traps and, where appropriate, must include a filter to prevent particulate release.  The pump exhaust must be vented into an approved exhaust duct or chemical fume hood.

Any container that shows signs of damage, including cracks, leaks, distortion, ill-fitting caps, or discolored bottle or caps must also be disposed of as chemical waste through EHRS.  Do not move a container that appears to be compromised.  When placing the waste pick-up request, include a comment on the form with a detailed description of the location and condition of the bottle.

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If you or your lab has not worked with this hazard before and you are considering a procedure that requires you to do so, we recommend contacting EHRS for guidance.

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Alkali injuries to the eyes are more common than injury from an acid and can be more clinically challenging, with a significant potential for long-term morbidity.

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The minimum PPE requirements for all chemical handling tasks, and information about specialty PPE can be found in the "Personal Protective Equipment" section of Section V:  Chemical Handling in this CHP.

A list of recommended work practices for hazardous chemical handling is included in Section V: Chemical Handling in this CHP. Of particular relevance to corrosive chemical use:

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Additional work practices for reducing the risks of any lab procedure involving corrosive chemicals must be described in a written Hazard Control Plan.

Waste streams that include a mixture of corrosive liquids and peroxides (such as Piranha etch, Chromerge, and Nochromex) produce gas and require special waste procedures.  See the CHP Fact Sheet: Gas-Producing Waste for more information.

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A legible manufacturer’s label including hazard information must be present on all commercial containers of corrosive chemicals.

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Corrosive gases can burn and destroy body tissue (especially the eyes and respiratory tract) on contact.  The specific hazards and handling precautions for corrosive gases are detailed in the Chemical Hygiene Plan SOP Hazardous and Highly Toxic Gases.  Corrosive gas handling is not in the scope of this SOP on corrosive chemicals.

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If corrosive chemicals are transferred to another container for storage or to make stock solutions for later use, special labeling requirements apply.  See the “Researcher-Created Labels” section in Section IV:  Chemical Container Labeling in this CHP for a complete list of requirements.

All work with corrosive chemicals in open or closed systems must be done in a designated area of a laboratory inside of a properly functioning chemical fume hood.