A contaminated site is one at which levels of some contaminant, typically a chemical (e.g., benzene) or a mix of chemicals (e.g., diesel fuel), found in the soil, water or air at the site are potentially harmful to people or living organisms.

Roadsigns andmeanings PDF

The first in a series of articles on remediation from Inogen Alliance written by Randall D. Shaw, Ph.D., Managing Director at Redlog Project Management Services LLC, helps breakdown the world of remediation. The first article explains some basic remediation terminology and different approaches as well as offers a response to the common question of remediation costing. This information will be useful to those who are looking for preliminary and “ballpark” estimates for timelines and site cleanup costs.

Most remediation projects are by necessity executed in a phased manner, generally with incremental increases in costs as we move through the phases of a typical remediation project:

An important aspect of remediation is reducing contaminant concentrations to levels below which the site is deemed “clean”, but the definition of what is meant by “clean” is not always straightforward.    In cases of common contaminants, regulators in many countries have developed their own standards for remediation; these may vary between countries and/or jurisdictions. These may include a range of standards or guideline values, based on factors such as soil matrix (e.g., coarse vs fine grained) and type of setting (e.g., industrial vs residential) and more. For mixtures of chemicals and less common contaminants, there may be no regulatory standards or guidelines; in those cases, the consultant may need to develop such criteria, for example, using toxicological data and risk assessment approaches (more on that later).

Alltraffic signs andmeanings

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Oregon roadsigns andmeanings

Road markings guide and warn drivers as well as regulate traffic. Markings may be red, blue, yellow or white. They may be used alone or in combinations. Each has a different meaning. Read the Signs, Signals and Markings section to learn about traffic control devices, road signs, signals at the intersections, road markings and right-of-way laws. This basic information will be the first step on the way to excellent driving.

Remediation is the process of minimizing the harmful effects of contamination to people and the environment, by removing the contaminant (e.g., by excavating contaminated soil for off-site treatment/disposal) and/or by reducing contaminant levels (e.g., by chemical amendments) to an acceptable level that is safe for people and the environment.

The main outcome here is a Scoping Report that summarizes available information, site conditions and sampling plan for site investigation.

DMV roadsigns andmeanings

The first step for most remediation projects is to carry out some sort of scoping study, which uses already available information to provide an overview of site conditions, issues and a general plan for project phases. This may be done as a desktop study, or if more information is needed, with the addition of a site visit or meetings with key stakeholders. A typical scoping study can be completed in one to two weeks.

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Traffic signals, signs and pavement markings are used for traffic control to provide a smooth, orderly flow of traffic. Traffic signals apply to drivers, motorcycle riders, bicyclists, moped-riders and pedestrians. They convey important information about the road conditions, potential hazards and other obstacles.

To read the full article, including the rest of the phases and approaches for remediation head over to the Inogen Alliance website.