Her supervisor testified he felt her actions were wrong. Pointing in Warriner's face and standing in her personal space, for example, would have been "triggering," the supervisor said, adding video of the incident is now shown in hospital training.

Those scenes are part of the evidence that would have been heard at the trial of the guards charged in Warriner's death at Toronto General Hospital in May 2020.

Indeed

In the absence of footage from the moments on the ground, two eye witnesses testified the accused held the 125-pound woman down by her upper body despite their training warning of the risks of doing so.

As that happens, a second guard, Hutley, walks into view from the right and also begins putting on a gown. One more guard walks into view from the right and also dons PPE.

Once the electrodes hit their target, the Taser sends a pulse with about 50,000 volts and a few milliamps. On its standard setting, the pulse cycles for five seconds before shutting off. (The pulse continues for as long as you hold the trigger.) The five-second shock sends intense signals through the victim’s nervous system, which causes considerable pain and triggers a contraction in all his muscles. Temporary paralysis can set in, and most victims fall to the ground. Tasers can also be used like regular stun guns in what’s called “drive stun” mode. This causes more localized pain and less widespread muscle contraction.

"Decisions by the Crown to appeal are made in accordance with the Crown Prosecution Manual," said ministry spokesperson Maher Abdurahman. "After carefully considering the matter in accordance with this policy, the Crown decided not to appeal. The ministry has no further comment."

As they grappled on the ground, two witnesses testified Warriner was flailing her arms and legs, shouting as the two guards, Rojas-Silva and Hutley, took control of her limbs. A third guard applied handcuffs.

Around 6:38 a.m., Warriner is seen sitting in a chair near a pillar in the hospital lobby. A couple of metres in front of her, Rojas-Silva dons personal protective equipment with help from another guard, all the while appearing to speak to Warriner.

Asked about that decision, and whether Rojas-Silva and Hutley would be also be allowed to keep their jobs with the charges against them now dropped, University Health Network spokesperson Gillian Howard told CBC News, "UHN will not comment on a court's decision, nor do we comment on individual hiring decisions, or employee discipline."

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"It's not common for a judge to screen out a case before it's set for trial," Addario said. "The system is set up so after a preliminary inquiry, the cases are generally set on to trial because the bar to get a case sent on to trial is very low."

Until now, much of the evidence in Warriner's death has been covered by a publication ban. With the case quashed, CBC News can now report on the details that have never been made public and reveal the footage a jury will never see.

To see a judge decide to quash a case in this way is rare, said Toronto criminal lawyer Frank Addario, who isn't associated with the case.

Shanifa Nasser is a journalist with CBC Toronto interested in the justice system, mental health, national security and stories with a heartbeat. Her reporting on Canada's spy agency earned a 2020 Amnesty International Award and an RTDNA, and her investigative work has led to two documentaries at The Fifth Estate.

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At a preliminary hearing, the guard who turned the camera testified he did so because he "panicked" and "got really anxious."

Stun guns work by pressing a pair of electrodes against the victim in order to create an electric circuit. (Most use 9-volt batteries, or a handful of AAs.) Tasers differ from standard stun guns in that the electrodes are tethered to long, insulated wires and can be fired from the weapon with a burst of carbon dioxide. A standard stun gun or cattle prod can only be used at close range; Tasers can shoot someone from 20 feet away.

"My first reaction was shock, horror," Warriner's sister, Denise, told CBC News. "There's been no accountability and there's a gaping hole in my heart."

Instead, a security camera was purposely turned away as guards approached the 43-year-old, pushed her against a wall and restrained her on the ground before she lost consciousness — never to regain it.

In a statement to CBC News, the Ministry of the Attorney General confirmed the Crown won't appeal to have the case revived, but wouldn't comment on why.

The next day, Warriner left the COVID floor to get something to eat, according to a coroner's report, and was spotted by hospital staff in the lobby with her mask down around her neck.

But as for whether the guards used more force than necessary to gain a hold of Warriner, the judge concluded on Nov. 22 "there is no evidence that either accused applied any weight to the upper body … beyond that associated with gaining control of and holding her hands or arms while handcuffs were being applied."

That a case where guards facing trial for the death of her loved one could suddenly evaporate is "egregious," said Warriner's sister, Denise.

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Still, in quashing the case, Superior Court Justice Sean Dunphy noted, "There is evidence that death could have been the culmination of the factors he described."

"She was a very tiny woman who was clearly unwell, sitting, dealing with respiratory distress and they wrangled her to her death. There was no lawful reason for them to have ever put hands on her," she said she believes.

"But for her interaction with the Applicants, Ms. Warriner would likely be alive today," the forensic pathologist testified at the preliminary hearing, according to the Crown.

That's despite the available video footage, two security staff who testified the accused placed weight on her upper body while she was held chest down, a forensic pathologist who testified Warriner would still be alive had she not been restrained that day — and revelations one of the guards admitted he falsely claimed Warriner threw the first punch.

On May 10, Warriner, who suffered from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD, arrived in hospital with a cough and short of breath. It was early in the COVID-19 pandemic, and Warriner was presumptively treated as COVID-positive, though it was later found she tested negative for the virus.

By about 6:41 a.m., the guards are seen wheeling Warriner down the hall, her body slumped and legs splayed, not moving. They turn left into an elevator bay and disappear from view.

Court heard that Rojas-Silva knew Warriner had left the hospital against medical advice before, and repeatedly told her to put on her mask from a distance before approaching her. The defence argued Warriner refused, swore at Rojas-Silva and threatened to have her fired.

"Later on, Mr. Hutley began sobbing and admitted he had not been truthful in the report, saying 'I'm sorry. I would have never said the things I said in there if I knew there was a video,'" the document says.

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They deliver a lot of volts, but very few amps. Stun guns shoot an electrical pulse that’s designed to go through clothing and skin and give someone a nasty shock. A very high voltage ensures that the pulse will reach its target, and the very low amperage keeps it from doing any lasting damage. It’s helpful to analogize these measures with water pressure: A high voltage is akin to water that’s flowing at high pressure, while a low amperage is like water that’s not flowing very quickly. The injury inflicted by an electric shock depends on the interaction between the “pressure” and “flow rate” of the electricity. (The area and duration of contact also make a difference.)

It is a priority for CBC to create products that are accessible to all in Canada including people with visual, hearing, motor and cognitive challenges.

Court heard it was there that Rojas-Silva noticed something was wrong and started checking for a pulse. The guards removed Warriner's handcuffs as Rojas-Silva called a "Code Blue" and began doing chest compressions.

Amanda Rojas-Silva, 42, and Shane Hutley, 35, had been charged with manslaughter and criminal negligence in Warriner's death — charges they denied, saying they used only the force necessary to gain a hold of her.

In a document filed by her lawyer, Rojas-Silva claims she took Warriner to the wall "as a last resort, after extensive efforts to verbally de-escalate an aggressive patient."

Now, that won't happen. In a surprise move by an Ontario judge on Nov. 22, the case against the guards has been quashed and the trial that was supposed to begin this May struck from the docket.

Danielle Stephanie Warriner sits alone in a Toronto hospital lobby, wearing little more than a pale blue medical gown. Moments later, she's wheeled away by guards, her slight frame slumped in a wheelchair, her legs dangling from the edge.

It's a fight she says has consumed her, but one she feels compelled to continue not only for her sister, but for others who are marginalized and vulnerable as well.  All the while, she says, the memories of her sister with her family at the dinner table are interrupted by those of her final conscious moments with the guards alone.

"Mr. Hutley went as far as to claim that Ms. Warriner delivered several overhand and underhand punches to Ms. Rojas-Silva's face and was kicking her feet," says a court document by the Crown.

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Amnesty International contends that Taser shocks may be implicated in the deaths of more than 150 people since 2001, and coroners have cited stun-gun shocks as a factor in more than 20 deaths over that period. Researchers who Tasered anesthetized pigs have found little permanent damage, and there’s  scant evidence that the shocks would be fatal for healthy adults. Victims who are intoxicated or have pre-existing heart conditions may be at greater risk. Repeated shocks from a Taser may also be more dangerous.

Warriner was the younger of two sisters, "tiny but mighty" and "loved hard," her sister recalls. She also struggled with bipolar disorder, substance abuse and in the months leading up to her death, found herself living in a shelter after a break up.

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According to UHN policy documents seen at the preliminary hearing, guards can use force only when all other interventions fail. As well, they're required to use only the amount of force necessary to control a situation and only in "extreme emergencies" such as in self-defence, defence of others or under the direction of medical staff.

In the aftermath of the incident, both guards claimed Warriner repeatedly assaulted Rojas-Silva before she went hands on.

By this time, Warriner is seen on her feet and appears to briefly raise her right arm before Rojas-Silva takes her to a nearby wall, with Hutley approaching from behind.

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The manufacturer warns that Taser shocks may cause breathing problems, skin irritation, small puncture wounds, or minor burns, and that the violent muscle contractions can result in “athletic-type injuries.” Police officers are also instructed to “avoid weapon confusion”; i.e., don’t mistake your handgun for a stun gun.

Independent investigators will look into last Tuesday’s incident on the UCLA campus, in which a student was subjected to five Taser shocks by the university police. (Here’s a video.) Meanwhile, Taser International Inc. has filed lawsuits in Ohio and Indiana against coroners who have cited “electrical pulse incapacitation” as a cause of death. How do these things work, anyway?

Bonus Explainer: How do lightning strikes compare to Taser blasts? Lightning kills its victims 10 percent to 20 percent of the time. The bolts send a much nastier shock—a few milliseconds at 300,000 volts and tens of thousands of amps—but only a small portion of their energy actually penetrates the skin. (The rest runs over the surface of the body, in what’s called lightning “flashover.”) Taser pulses, which have only the tiniest fraction of this amperage, deliver a more efficient shock to the victim via the electrodes. Even so, Taser shocks do little or no lasting damage. Lightning strikes often cause heart attacks, severe burns, and long-term neurological problems.

"There is a risk of positional restraint asphyxia due to the person's body weight pressing down on their chest and the fact that the patient cannot support herself when her hands are handcuffed behind her back," the Crown noted, citing testimony from the guards' supervisor.

Now, those charges have been dropped after a judge concluded there wasn't enough evidence to take the case to trial — a decision CBC News has learned the Crown won't appeal.