On the other hand, if you have a fixed focal length lens, in order to get the framing you want, you will very likely have to change the shooting position (get closer to or further from the subject) in order to fit the subject into the picture in the way that you want. With a short focal length (say 30mm), you may need to move closer, while with a longer focal length (say 100mm), you may need to move back.

Neither would be true. Perspective is, by definition, determined by the location from which you view a scene. That determines the size and spatial relationships among the objects in the scene. That does not change when you change the focal length. What changes is the angle of view; literally the frame that you use to include or exclude portions of the scene. There is no question that changing the field of view changes the impression given by a photograph, but it isn't correct to refer to that as "perspective".

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S = ( 1 / m + 1 + 1 + m ) * f Where m is magnification. Assuming m if large then 1/m ~ = 0 and S = ( 2 + m ) * f ~ = m * f

Remember m isn't really (scene size) / (sensor size) It's the (in focus part of the scene) / (how much of the sensor that takes up).

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m = subject.width.on.sensor/ real.subject.width = (sensor.width/2)/(scene.width/2) or, canceling the 2's: m = sensor.width/scene.width

If you have a general-purpose zoom (not necessarily a good idea) of something like 18 to 200 mm, you can shoot a wide range of different subjects while remaining in a fixed shooting position. (Though of course there's nothing to stop you from moving around and shooting from different positions).

Would it be a reasonable lay person summary to say, "Zooming in narrows your perspective whereas going wide(as the name suggests) widens/broadens your perspective ."

This shows the angle of view of the lens with your camera. You should be able to figure out how far away a subject ought to be from this.

You'll have to back into the distance based subject size result, but you should be able to get the info you want from the calculator on this page.

Neither would be true. Perspective is, by definition, determined by the location from which you view a scene. That determines the size and spatial relationships among the objects in the scene. That does not change when you change the focal length. What changes is the angle of view; literally the frame that you use to include or exclude portions of the scene. There is no question that changing the field of view changes the impression given by a photograph, but it isn't correct to refer to that as "perspective".

Neither would be true. Perspective is, by definition, determined by the location from which you view a scene. That determines the size and spatial relationships among the objects in the scene. That does not change when you change the focal length. What changes is the angle of view; literally the frame that you use to include or exclude portions of the scene. There is no question that changing the field of view changes the impression given by a photograph, but it isn't correct to refer to that as "perspective".

When we look at the world we judge distances by several methods - binocular vision, light intensity, apparent size compared to out total field of vision. That third thing is important: as long as it's the world we're looking at we have a frame of reference. But look at a photo and (a) we lose that frame of reference and (b) we lose both of the other factors completely. The result is that we are left with the direct comparison of items as they appear in the picture, with no way of assessing their true distance relationship.

Minimum focus distance is a different matter. For example a 50mm lens may have a minimum distance to the subject of about 14 inches, but you wouldn't want to shoot a portrait shot from that distance. For one thing you would probably only get part of the subject in the frame. For another, the proportions of the face change (in an unflattering way) when shooting from very close range. But that's a slightly different topic, not really what you were asking about I think.

Now, if I understood it correctly, the linear perspective does not change with changing the focal length.But, there are other perspective distortions seen with zooming a lens( for various reasons).

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For non-macro photography & a particular scene in the viewfinder the distance to the subject is proportional to focal length.

The bottom line is the same as stated before; the relative size of the image in the viewfinder or in the photo depends on two things. The focal length and the distance to the subject.

Does anyone know how far is approximately the subject disctance when using the following focal length so that the image is in focus ?

Would it be a reasonable lay person summary to say, "Zooming in narrows your perspective whereas going wide(as the name suggests) widens/broadens your perspective ."

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Perspective is the way things look smaller when they are further away. This is an illusion, of course, because they aren't really smaller - but it's a true illusion, that can be calculated precisely given sizes, distances and angles. So we might call this "true perspective".

Does anyone know how far is approximately the subject disctance when using the following focal length so that the image is in focus ?

It is also true that changing the angle of view (without changing the size of the sensor) changes the magnification, which is the ratio of the size of the image on the sensor to the actual size of the object. But it is also not correct to refer to that as "perspective".

The result is that looking at photos can create a second illusion: we might call this "apparent perspective". So while, as I said, I don't quarrel with the basics you've set out, from the position of the viewer different FLs do alter the apparent perspective.

For example, if you are shooting a home from the front yard and you are 40 feet away you would shoot with the 18mm, 35mm or the 50mm depending how large the home is and how much of the image you see in the view finder and by moving closer if image is small or backing up if image of home is too large in view finder.

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so a particular scene in the viewfinder at 18mm would look exactly the same* if you changed the lens to 36mm and moved back twice as far.

It is also true that changing the angle of view (without changing the size of the sensor) changes the magnification, which is the ratio of the size of the image on the sensor to the actual size of the object. But it is also not correct to refer to that as "perspective".

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The result is that looking at photos can create a second illusion: we might call this "apparent perspective". So while, as I said, I don't quarrel with the basics you've set out, from the position of the viewer different FLs do alter the apparent perspective.

It is also true that changing the angle of view (without changing the size of the sensor) changes the magnification, which is the ratio of the size of the image on the sensor to the actual size of the object. But it is also not correct to refer to that as "perspective".

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thank you for the feedback, I was asking the question because i read that using prime lenses with fixed focal length, we need to adjust our position to the subject.

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S = ( 1 / m + 1 + 1 + m ) * f Where m is magnification. Assuming m if large then 1/m ~ = 0 and S = ( 2 + m ) * f ~ = m * f

For a portrait of an adult where a 9" head fills the screen in portrait mode, the magnification is about 1/10, so the distances are about

So,, you could say that "zooming in narrows your angle of view and frames the subject more tightly, and increases magnification; where as zooming out widens the angle of view and decreases magnification. Changing the shooting position relative to the objects in the scene changes the perspective on the scene."

Does anyone know how far is approximately the subject disctance when using the following focal length so that the image is in focus ?

Focal length has nothing to do with subject distance. Lenses with any focal length can be focused to a wide range of distances, the exact limits depend on the mechanical design of the focusing system.

If the subject is too small in the viewfinder you've got only two choices - decrease the distance to the subject or increase the focal length.

focal lengths determine your field of view ... standing in one place, you can take a picture of a flower using 18mm, 135mm, or any other focal length and you'll still be able to get the flower ... the difference between focal lengths is how much more "scene" there is around the flower ...

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Say the subject is 5 feet wide and occupies 1/2 of a 10 foot wide scene. this scene's image is cast onto the sensor so the ratio of the subject width on sensor to real subject size is

the scene width would be identical, people the same size, etc but the perspective would be different.... Perspective depends only on how far the camera is from the scene.

Would it be a reasonable lay person summary to say, "Zooming in narrows your perspective whereas going wide(as the name suggests) widens/broadens your perspective ."

Does anyone know how far is approximately the subject disctance when using the following focal length so that the image is in focus ?

Perspective is the way things look smaller when they are further away. This is an illusion, of course, because they aren't really smaller - but it's a true illusion, that can be calculated precisely given sizes, distances and angles. So we might call this "true perspective".

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Does anyone know how far is approximately the subject disctance when using the following focal length so that the image is in focus ?

Would it be a reasonable lay person summary to say, "Zooming in narrows your perspective whereas going wide(as the name suggests) widens/broadens your perspective ."

When we look at the world we judge distances by several methods - binocular vision, light intensity, apparent size compared to out total field of vision. That third thing is important: as long as it's the world we're looking at we have a frame of reference. But look at a photo and (a) we lose that frame of reference and (b) we lose both of the other factors completely. The result is that we are left with the direct comparison of items as they appear in the picture, with no way of assessing their true distance relationship.

All those focal lengths would have a minimum focus distance and the the maximum would be infinity. Think of these focal lengths as being magnification. Think of 35mm to 55mm to be about the same magnification as your eyes. 135mm would be like a telescope. 18mm would be wide angle and would be the opposite of magnification. Things look farther away. The focus has nothing to do with this.

Finally, m's actually the INVERSE (in focus part of the scene) / (how much of the sensor that takes up). Which turns out to be the same as sensor.width/scene.width (by scene width I mean the width of the in-focus plane - the plane that contains the subject.)

Does anyone know how far is approximately the subject disctance when using the following focal length so that the image is in focus ?

thank you for the feedback, I was asking the question because i read that using prime lenses with fixed focal length, we need to adjust our position to the subject.

It doesn't matter depending on the subject you are shooting and the distance between you and the subject. All those lenses will focus on any subject. You are in control of the subject distance by getting closer are moving back away.

Body shot 2meters high in portrait mode m= .024/2 ~ 1/80 Lens...... distance 18mm....1440mm 35mm....2800mm 50mm....4000mm 135mm..10800mm

Remember m isn't really (scene size) / (sensor size) It's the (in focus part of the scene) / (how much of the sensor that takes up).

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thank you for the feedback, I was asking the question because i read that using prime lenses with fixed focal length, we need to adjust our position to the subject.

If you are photographing a person outside from a distance, the 135mm lens would be better by moving closer or further away depending on your composition.