This community is not edited and does not necessarily reflect the views of Springer Nature. Springer Nature makes no representations, warranties or guarantees, whether express or implied, that the content on this community is accurate, complete or up to date, and to the fullest extent permitted by law all liability is excluded.

IMDG Code

Dangerous goods, (often called hazardous materials in the USA), may be pure chemicals, mixtures of substances, manufactured products or articles which can pose a risk to people, animals or the environment if not properly handled in use or in transport.

Whilst the CLASS defines the type of danger which a substance presents, a second classification, called the PACKING GROUP (PG) defines just how dangerous it is. There are three Packing Groups; PG I is the most dangerous, PG II represents a moderate danger and PG III is the least dangerous. Packing Groups are always written in Roman numerals to differentiate them from the Class numbers.

These symbols only relate to the hazards in use of the product and do not automatically mean that it is dangerous in transport. However, it must not be assumed that all substances which are packed in small or retail packaging are not subject to the transport regulations, since the classification criteria are different.

The transport of dangerous goods is regulated in order to prevent, as far as possible, accidents involving people or property, damage to the environment, to the means of transport employed or to other goods being transported.  Each mode of transport, (air, sea, road, rail and inland waterway) has its own regulations but they are now largely harmonized with the Model Regulations, published by United Nations Economic and Social Council’s Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods.

Dangerousgoods

The manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the results obtained from radon concentrations in the ground and their correlation with earthquakes over the past fifty years in Greece. It highlights the intriguing correlation and presents potential future research in this area.

Many products which we encounter on a daily basis can be hazardous to our health if we come into contact with them too often or for too long.

The UN Model Regulations use a classification system in which each dangerous substance or article is assigned to a CLASS, depending on the nature of the danger it presents. There are 9 Classes, some of which are sub-divided:

Un 1993 flammable liquid nos contains a mixture of different solventsclass3 8 pgii

We use cookies to ensure the functionality of our website, to personalize content and advertising, to provide social media features, and to analyze our traffic. If you allow us to do so, we also inform our social media, advertising and analysis partners about your use of our website. You can decide for yourself which categories you want to deny or allow. Please note that based on your settings not all functionalities of the site are available.

Inspired by such suggestions, the Artemis project has been developed to advance large–scale monitoring of radon and other observables in groundwater in the Abruzzi region, Italy, the Ionian Islands, Greece, and selected sites in Switzerland. The project intends to produce a sensor network of about 100 units – the detection based on gamma-ray measurements in groundwater using a novel sensor of CsI developed in SGI, Germany and calibrated in JURO, Czech Republic. The radon concentration, temperature, barometric–hydraulic pressure, conductivity, and pH will be measured with a vision of prolonged monitoring duration. The data time series will be analysed using A.I. to obtain correlation results between the radon signal, the earthquake's precursor time and magnitude, and the building of an early public warning system.

The Vehicle Certification Agency uses essential cookies and similar technologies that allow the site to work properly. It also uses website usage cookies that can be switched on or off. Closing this box will disable website usage cookies.

Class 9 includes items such as asbestos, automotive airbags, lithium batteries and environmentally hazardous substances which don’t fit into any of the other 8 classes.

It is possible for a substance to appear in more than one Packing Group, depending on its concentration. For example, concentrated sulphuric acid is Class 8, PG II. A mild solution of the same acid, which might be marketed as a domestic drain cleaner, is still allocated to Class 8, but because of its lesser corrosivity could be PG III.

The packaging of substances such as household cleaning fluids and gardening products will often carry what are known as Risk and Safety phrases together with one or more small square orange symbols which describe the nature of the hazard and the actions that should be taken if the substance is accidentally spilled or swallowed. The Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations, known as CHIP, require suppliers to provide this information to their customers.

These trackers are used for activities that are strictly necessary to operate or deliver the service you requested from us and, therefore, do not require you to consent.

DGClass

Substances and materials which are dangerous for transport range from those which present obvious risks, such as explosives and fuming acids, through to more frequently encountered products such as paints, solvents and pesticides.

GHS06

These trackers help us to provide a personalized user experience by improving the quality of your preference management options, and by enabling the interaction with external networks and platforms.

Radon signals in soil gas associated with earthquake occurrence in Greece: review and perspective - Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

The experience gained after seven decades of research shows that large–scale sampling points in each area of interest and over an extended time are required to collect a statistically more robust data sample, meaning that numerous sensor networks for radon are required to give a new level of statistical significance of the measurements. The advanced machine learning algorithms for time series combined with computational power will enable a deeper analysis of the parameters affecting radon and other observations. The prospect is to learn which radon anomalies can be associated with earthquakes. Technically, there should be no obstacle to building extensive radon networks along seismic fault zones supporting increased public awareness.

The following allows you to customize your consent preferences for any tracking technology used to help us achieve the features and activities described below. To learn more about how these trackers help us and how they work, refer to the cookie policy. You may review and change your preferences at any time.

Division 4.1 Flammable solids Division 4.2 Substances liable to spontaneous combustion Division 4.3 Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases

These trackers help us to deliver personalized marketing content to you based on your behaviour and to operate, serve and track social advertising.

The manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the results that have been obtained from radon concentrations in the ground, particularly their correlation with earthquakes, over the past fifty years in Greece. Data collection methods have evolved from solid-state nuclear track detectors to more advanced continuous monitoring devices. The influence of meteorological parameters was eliminated through time series analysis, revealing correlations between radon signals and earthquakes M3.5–6.5. Anomalies persisted for days to weeks, depending on the faulting type. The review concludes with a discussion and evaluation of the results, highlighting the potential for future research on this intriguing correlation between radon and earthquakes.