If your downpipes have seen better days and it’s no longer economically viable for them to be repaired, Mr Plumber offers a downpipe replacement service. We have decades of experience with roof plumbing around south east Melbourne . We can

The new Cultural Change in Geoscience (C-ChanGe) project is inviting faculty teams to lead the way in making geoscience more inclusive and equitable, offering professional development, leadership training, and community-building resources.

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Radiation is a fairly general term that can be used to describe the transfer of energy through space away from a source. There are many types of radiation. When we talk about radiation as a danger to humans through the rest of this site, we will primarily be talking about 'Ionizing radiation'. Ionizing radiation is generated through nuclear reactions and can be very harmful to human health. Nuclear reactions can be naturally occurring, or artificial. There are three basic types of radiation. These include alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Each radiation source is unique in the type of radiation it emits, and its risk to humans.

We already know that the sun emits visible light. This part is easy because our eyes are adapted to see light that falls within the visible spectrum. You may have also noticed that even on a cold day if you stand out in the sun you feel warmer. This is because your skin is absorbing radiation from the sun that passes through the air. This is because in addition to visible light the sun is also emitting radiation from all areas of the electromagnetic spectrum from radio waves to gamma rays. The higher end of this spectrum (X-ray to gamma) is dangerous radiation to human health. (This is why you can get a sunburn, UV light is a form of ionizing radiation, and can burn your skin!). Most of the harmful radiation sent our way by the sun is reflected back into space by our protective atmosphere, but some of this radiation gets through and accounts for a large amount of the radiation you experience every day.

This case study is part of a collection of pages developed by students in the 2012 introductory-level Geology and Human Health course in the Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University. Learn more about this project.

Some of the elements that make up the human body have radioactive isotopes that can add to the amount of radiation you are exposed to while decaying inside your body. Carbon and potassium are two of these elements. C14 has a half life of over 5,000 years while potassium has a half life of about 1.25 billion years. Potassium accounts for the majority of the radiation inside your body. There are three naturally occurring isotopes of potassium. K39, K40, and K41. K40 decays to Ar40 by electron capture or positron emission (Beta decay)

As radon itself decays, it produces new radioactive elements called radon daughters or decay products. Unlike the gaseous radon itself, radon daughters are solids and stick to surfaces, such as dust particles in the air. If such contaminated dust is inhaled, these particles can stick to the airways of the lung and increase the risk of developing lung cancer.

A simple gutter leak repair might only take minutes, but leaving leaks go unfixed can cause property damage that costs a lot more time and money to fix. If your gutter has sprung a leak give us a call. We offer a 24/7 plumbing service and most gutter leak repairs can be done on the spot.

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Solar radiation exposure can be reduced simply by wearing sunscreen- even on cloudy days. UV radiation can penetrate clouds, and is made even worse by spending time near reflective surfaces such as snow or sand. These can reflect UV radiation which increases the amount you receive.

In some cases gutters have been damaged by falling trees or high winds. In this case, you’ll benefit from Mr Plumber’s roof gutter repair services. We’re usually able to match your gutters style and colour so once fixed, you’ll never know the difference.

Radiation is all around us and it comes from so many sources that there really is no escaping it. We can define how much a particular radioactive source is exposing us to radiation by examining its 'absorbed dose. Absorbed dose describes the amount of radiation absorbed by an object or person (that is, the amount of energy that radioactive sources deposit in materials through which they pass). The units for absorbed dose are the radiation absorbed dose (rad) and gray (Gy). 1 Gy = 100 rads. Equal doses of all types of ionizing radiation are not equally harmful. Alpha particles produce greater harm than do beta particles, gamma rays and x rays for a given absorbed dose. To account for this difference, radiation dose is expressed as equivalent dose in units of sievert (Sv). The dose in Sv is equal to "absorbed dose" multiplied by a "radiation weighting factor" (WR - see Table 2 below). Prior to 1990, this weighting factor was referred to as Quality Factor (QF).

× Show Caption Hide Radiation types image credit: http://www.nucellcanada.ca/store/media/cell-phone-radiation-spectru.gif Jocelyn Kirschenbaum

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It is currently thought that most damage from radiation comes from indirect action. That is, instead of string your DNA itself, a particle hits a water molecule and ionizes it producing what is known as a free radical. A free radical reacts very strongly with other molecules as it seeks to restore a stable configuration of electrons. This in turn can damage DNA and lead to mutations and cell death. Mutations in a cell's DNA and reproductive mechanisms are what can eventually lead to cancer.

For simple downpipe cracks or leaks, it’s possible to use a downpipe repair kit which can be found at most hardware stores. However, there’s a line regarding how practical it is to use such kits. They can offer a quick and dirty solution to small downpipe damage and problems, but we’ve seen some horrible uses of these kits over the years, where people have gone around their whole house patching up their downpipes. Not only does it look horrible -- which decreases the appeal and value of a property, but the repair will only last so long as the brittle downpipes continue to collapse.When it comes to downpipe repairs, Sometimes it’s better just to do things properly and call a professional. Mr Plumber offers a quick and efficient downpipe repair service. We’ll fix your downpipes so that they look and function like new again -- retaining the value of your property.

The functions of living tissue are carried out by molecules, that is, combinations of different types of atoms united by chemical bonds. The proper functioning of these molecules depends upon their composition and also their structure. Altering chemical bonds may change composition or structure. Ionizing radiation is powerful enough to do this. There are several ways that radiation physically interacts with your body.

Flying often also increases how much solar radiation you are exposed to, and adds a significant amount to your background radiation dose. Avoid flying when possible. For a full list of things that add to your radiation exposure, see the link to calculate your annual radiation dose.

Radon is a chemical element. Its atomic number is 86. It lies within the noble gas column on the periodic table, which means it is inert and nonreactive. Radium is, however, radioactive. Radon occurs as an intermediate decay product from uranium or thorium as they decay to lead. The half life of radon is about 3.8 days. This means that it takes about 3.8 days for half of the radon available to decay. 3.8 days after this, 1/4 will be left, another half life and an 1/8 will be left and so on. Radon emits alpha particles, and is therefore ionizing radiation, and dangerous to human health. × Show Caption Hide Radon http://www.neradonsolutions.com/site/Welcome.html

Diagnostic radiation is a term used to describe the non-invasive procedures used to diagnose disease that rely upon radiation to produce images of internal structures. Some of the procedures that use diagnostic radiation include CT scans, MRI, mammography, radiography, and ultrasound.

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You may be thinking- potassium... we get that from bananas, does that mean that bananas are radioactive? The answer is yes. Like all organic material, bananas contain some radioactive isotopes of potassium. In fact, in order to come up with a unit that could easily be used to understand the severity of a radiation dose, the 'banana equivalent dose was introduced. Now, it is important to recognize that eating one banana... or even 2 or 3 or 7 for that matter is not going to kill you, however, like all organic materials, bananas do contain some radioactive isotopes. For every 1 grams of potassium, about 31 atoms will decay per second. Each banana contains about .5 grams of potassium,a dn therefore the radiation dose form eating one banana is about 15bq.

When we think of radiation we may immediately think of only dangerous and harmful things. In reality, the word radiation refers to any transfer of energy through space from a source. Some examples of radiation include sunlight, radio waves, x-rays, heat, alpha, beta, gamma ionizing radiation, and infrared, just to name a few. Not all of these types of radiation are harmful, in fact, in moderation, most radiation will not pose a health risk. Certain types of radiation, however, can be dangerous, even in small doses.

I'm glad you asked, radiation can come from many sources. Some of these sources are artificial, and some are natural. Let's go over a few of these sources.

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Beta decay is the emission of a positron or electron from an atom, allowing the atom to obtain an optimal (more stable) number of protons and neutrons. When an atom has too many protons or neutrons such that it is unstable, it can transform a neutron into a proton or a proton into a neutron. There are two types of beta decay, (-) beta decay in which a neutron decays into a proton, and (+) beta decay in which a proton decays into a neutron. The particles emitted for these reactions to take place (electrons, positrons) are what accounts for the radiation. × Show caption Hide Beta Decay image credit: http://www.nucellcanada.ca/store/media/cell-phone-radiation-spectru.gif

​There’s no two ways about it. The best way to fix a downpipe is to do it properly. Mr Plumber has a motto: It’s better to do something once properly than ten times over. If you’re trying to figure out how to fix a downpipe, before you reach for the tube of silastic, consider how the repairs will affect the aesthetics of your property and whether you’re doing a temporary repair that will have to be done again -- and again, or whether it might be wise just to get the downpipe fixed properly. Mr Plumber can repair your downpipes for you, making them like new for a very reasonable price.

Mr Plumber has awesome reviews. Our downpipe plumbing service is quick, efficient and always carried out by fully qualified, licenced roof plumbers.

Keep in mind that ionizing radiation emits small particles that can pass right through your body, and occasionally collide with one of the particles around an atom in your body. Ionizing radiation, by definition, "ionizes," that is, it pushes an electron out of its orbit around an atomic nucleus, causing the formation of electrical charges on atoms or molecules. If this electron comes from the DNA itself or from a neighboring molecule and directly strikes and disrupts the DNA molecule, the effect is called direct action.

For industrial boiler feed water systems, there are some expenses that are unnecessary - the boiler water feed valve, for example.

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While the radiation involved in these scans can cause cancer, it is important to weight the benefits and risks to make an informed decision. When the risk of cancer s small compared to the condition potentially being diagnosed, the procedure is very worth the risk.

Describe the secondary search. • Describe how to ensure fire fighter safety during a search. • Describe ladder rescue techniques.

Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation, as opposed to alpha and beta radiation which are in the form of particles. (electrons, positrons, neutrons, protons). Gamma radiation is the highest energy radiation of the three types. Gamma rays are emitted from radioactive elements, but differ from alpha and beta decay in that it does not alter the number of protons or neutrons in the nucleus but instead has the effect of moving the nucleus from a higher to a lower energy state.

Mr Plumber is trained and equipped to deal with all kinds of roof repairs relating to downpipes. We’re licenced to deal with any kind of roof plumbing situation. We’ve taken care of the roof plumbing needs of businesses and homes around south east Melbourne for decades. We will leave your home clean and keep the environment safe while we work. Whether you need roof gutter repair, gutter leak repair or a full gutter replacement, we’re up to the task. Contact us today to book and inspection and quote for your downpipe or gutter needs.

The treatment of cancer using certain types of radiation can be highly effective. Radiation can be targeted to mostly effect cancer cells while only delivering a small dose of radiation to other tissues that the radiation must pass through to get to the cancer tissue.

Antiques, building products, smoke detectors, fertilizers, tobacco products and many other products that we use and are exposed to every day may contain small amounts of radioactive materials. This does not account for a large radiation dose compared to the other sources that we have talked about, but it is significant enough to mention.

​If your downpipes are damaged, your gutters will not perform as they are designed. At best, your property will sustain pools of water or flooding that can be unsightly and inconient. At worst, your broken downpipes could be causing structural damage to your home or business. Downpipe repair is a reasonably straightforward process, so if your gutters and downpipes are not performing as they should be, they should be repaired as soon as possible by a reputable plumber. Mr Plumber routinely carries out downpipe repairs throughout south east Melbourne. If you need a roof plumber give us a call.

An alpha particle has two protons and two neutrons, so it has a positive charge. An alpha particle is a helium nucleus. The '2' on the bottom left of the He refers to the number of protons. The '4' represents the combined number of protons and neutrons. As an atom 'decays' it can emit protons, neutrons, or electrons. The number and type of particles it emits gives rise to the type of radiation being emitted. In the case of alpha decay, a helium nucleus (two protons, and two neutrons) are emitted. This is the lowest energy radiation type, but it is none the less dangerous to human health. Here is an example of the alpha decay process. Here, Uranium is decaying to Thorium. The number of protons in Uranium (92) is reduced to 90, making a new element- Thorium. The two protons do not simply disappear however, the protons that are emitted are what alpha radiation consists of.

The image above gives a breakdown of the many sources that can expose humans to radiation. Four major groups from which humans recieve doses of radiation include Radon, sources inside the human body, rocks and soil, and the sun. These are all natural sources. Other sources of radiation include medical diagnostic tools, nuclear medicine, and consumer products.

NAGT members Porché Spence and Kari O'Connell received the 2024 Commitment to Human Diversity in Ecology Award and the 2024 Eugene P. Odum Award for Excellence in Ecology Education respectively at the Ecological Society of America (ESA) annual meeting in Long Beach, California.

We already discussed that radon, a dense gas that is radioactive naturally occurs in soils. This is due to the fact that Uranium and thorium, (other radioactive elements) also occur naturally in soils. Some parts of the world naturally have higher concentrations of these elements in soils than others. It is important to remember that this is not from any kind of human contamination. Just like oxygen, nitrogen, carbon or hydrogen, Uranium and thorium are elements that were present in the nebular cloud that eventually formed the solar system and our earth. They were present in trace amounts compared to other elements, but none the less present. Below is a map of uranium concentrations in soils in the United States.

There comes a time when gutters have simply reached their use by date and it’s time to simply replace the gutters. Sagging or rusted gutters, apart from being detrimental to the integrity of your property, are simply not good to look at. If you need new gutters, Mr Plumber is up to the task. We’ve installed new gutters all over Melbourne for decades. We’re proud of the fantastic reputation we have in the industry.

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The effects of being exposed to large doses of radiation at one time (acute exposure) vary with the dose. Here are some examples:

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One thing that can be done to protect from radiation is reducing radon exposure. Radon enters homes through basement areas exposed to underground soils. If a house is tightly sealed, this can cause radon to build up. Ventilation in homes is important if radon is detected. Radon detectors can be purchased to determine if radon is a concern in your home.

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Another cool tool is a real time radiation map of the US, showing where radiation levels are high right now at Interactive realtime radiation map http://radiationnetwork.com/