Police body cameras provide visual and audio evidence that can independently verify events. In Texas, a police officer was fired, charged with murder, and sentenced to a $10,000 fine and 15 years in prison after body-worn camera footage contradicted his initial statement in the Apr. 2017 shooting of an unarmed youth. [12][48]

Another privacy fear, according to the ACLU, is that police body cameras will be worn as “roving surveillance devices that track our faces, voices, and even the unique way we walk” that could be used “to track, classify, and discriminate against people based on their most personal, innate features.” [62]

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Officers in the United Kingdom and Queensland, Australia echoed this benefit, stating some abusers plead guilty because they knew there was video footage evidence against them. [52][53]

Equipping police departments with body cameras is extremely expensive, as forces have to budget not only for the camera but also for ancillary equipment (such as a car charger or mount), training, data storage facilities, extra staff to manage the video data, and maintenance costs. Baltimore Police entered a body-worn camera program in 2016 for $11.3 million. As of June 25, 2020, the costs had tripled to $35.1 million. [26][59]

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Former chief of police Ken Miller of Greensboro, North Carolina, says that if citizens “think that they are going to be recorded every time they talk to an officer, regardless of the context, it is going to damage openness and create barriers to important relationships.” [23]

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Assaults on police officers were 14% higher when body cameras were present. Some people may respond negatively or violently to being filmed by police, especially those who may be under the influence of drugs or alcohol, or who are suffering from mental health problems. [18]

University of Oklahoma professor of law Stephen E. Henderson states that the use of police body cameras may be psychologically damaging to officers because “nobody does well to be under constant surveillance.” [21]

While hard skills are certainly important, the course focuses on the “probable versus possible” contingencies while weighing the “risk versus service” components of executive protection. While an attack-on-principal is certainly a possibility, it is more probable for agents to deal with the daily challenges of vehicle collisions, vehicle maintenance issues, lost luggage, last minute travel modifications, non-attack medical emergencies, and a myriad of other considerations. EPA-301 focuses on these probable issues. Additionally, the emphasis in training is to focus on proactive soft/human skills so agents may remain “left of bang” and stay ahead of contingencies through solid executive protection program leadership, proper vetting and selection of security professionals, extensive mission planning, sound protective intelligence, and detailed advance work.

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Many police departments, especially smaller departments with smaller budgets, have suspended body-worn camera programs citing rising costs of the cameras, maintenance of the programs, employees, and data storage. [27][28][29][30][60]

Rather than training agents to operate in three-car motorcades and multi-agent details like the government model, the curriculum focuses on the more realistic mission profile typical of C-Suite UHNW executives. A common EP detail in today’s UHNW / corporate setting may include one to three agents and one or two motorcade vehicles in support. It’s more common in the corporate setting to see an agent providing a “loose follow” coverage of a principal rather than being an arm’s length away or part of a diamond formation around the principal, typical of the government EP model. This protection coverage is reflective of actual concepts being provided to current contracts of HNWI / Fortune 500 / Fortune 50 companies.

A trial in Edmonton, California, found that body-worn cameras had an insufficient battery length for daily policing, especially in cold weather when battery life diminished more quickly. [9]

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The cameras also protect police officers against false accusations of misconduct. In San Diego, California, the use of body cameras provided the necessary evidence to exonerate police officers falsely accused of misconduct. The number of severe misconduct allegations deemed false increased 2.4% with body camera footage, and the number of officers exonerated for less severe allegations related to conduct, courtesy, procedure, and service increased 6.5%. [11]

On June 7, 2021, U.S. Deputy Attorney General Lisa Monaco, directed the ATF, DEA, FBI, and U.S. Marshals “to develop and submit for review” body-worn camera policies in which agents wear cameras during “(1) a pre-planned attempt to serve an arrest warrant or other pre-planned arrest, including the apprehension of fugitives sought on state and local warrants; or (2) the execution of a search or seizure warrant or order.” [63]

Other potential health and safety issues include head and neck injuries, electric shock or burns from faulty or damaged equipment, and the spread of contagious infectious diseases if the units are shared. [20]

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Police body cameras are in use around the world from Australia and Uruguay to the United Kingdom and South Africa. [19][32][35][36]

Allied Universal® Executive Protection and Intelligence Services offers the Executive Protection Academy (EPA-301) training program in Las Vegas, Nevada. The comprehensive program culminates in a capstone, full mission profile situational training exercise (STX) in which students are evaluated on the entire spectrum of skills that encompass the course curriculum.

In Baltimore, Maryland, an officer was convicted of fabricating evidence and misconduct in office after being caught by body-worn cameras planting fake drug evidence. [14][49]

Recording police encounters with the public could lead to the public exposure of private medical conditions such as mental illness. Victims of crimes such as rape or domestic abuse may be further traumatized by recordings. Informants or witnesses may fear reprisal from criminals. People being arrested may fear the damage of public exposure, such as being fired from a job. [17][19][34]

This training program is open to public and private sector professionals, including federal, state, and local government; military; veteran; public safety (police, fire, EMS); and private security personnel. Allied Universal Executive Protection and Intelligence Services champions diversity in the executive protection industry and encourages qualified individuals of all backgrounds to apply. Graduates of this training program will be thoroughly qualified to lead, plan, coordinate, and conduct corporate executive protection operations under various environmental conditions while operating as a member of a single or multiple-agent executive protection detail.

A sheriff’s office in Virginia stopped using body cameras due to the unreliability of their on-off buttons and poor integration with their IT systems that resulted in the system inaccurately matching camera footage to the officer wearing the camera. [31]

Enhanced productivity for the principal is more than a byproduct of executive protection. This is a goal, and frequently the most tangible near and long-term benefit of best-in-class corporate executive protection programs.  Ultimately, the mission of Allied Universal® Executive Protection and Intelligence Services is Keeping our Clients Safe, Happy, and Productive®, and the goal of the EPA-301 training program is to help ensure that EP agents receive the proper tools to accomplish this critical mission.

One such barrier is fear of retaliation. A U.S. Justice Department report notes that some “people will be less likely to come forward to share information if they know their conversation is going to be recorded, particularly in high-crime neighborhoods where residents might be subject to retaliation if they are seen as cooperating with police.” [23]

Video recorded from police body cameras can be used to train new and existing officers in how to perform during difficult encounters with the public. The Miami Police Department has been using body cameras for training since 2012. Former police major Ian Moffitt states, “We can record a situation, a scenario in training, and then go back and look at it and show the student, the recruit, the officer what they did good, what they did bad, and [what they can] improve on.” [17]

As of Oct. 29, 2018, 36 states and the District of Columbia had specific legislation about the use of police body cameras. At that time, another four states had pending body camera legislation. However, by July 14, 2022, the most recently available survey, all but six states had body camera specific legislation: Alabama, Alaska, Maine, Mississippi, Rhode Island, and West Virginia. [45][64]

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In Phoenix, Arizona, complaints against officers wearing cameras decreased 23%, while complaints against officers not wearing cameras increased 10.6%. [13]

After the police shooting death of Michael Brown on Aug. 9, 2014, in Ferguson, Missouri, President Barack Obama requested $263 million to fund body camera programs and police training on Dec. 1, 2014. As a result the Department of Justice (DOJ)  implemented the Body-Worn Camera Policy and Implementation Program (BWC-PIP). Between fiscal year (FY) 2015 and FY 2019, the BWC-PIP gave over 493 awards worth over a collective $70 million to law enforcement agencies in 47 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Agencies in Maine, Montana, and North Dakota have not been awarded federal body camera funding. [38][40][42][43][44][46]

According to the Bureau of Justice Assistance, “[t]he video and audio recordings from BWCs [body-worn cameras] can be used by law enforcement to demonstrate transparency to their communities; to document statements, observations, behaviors, and other evidence; and to deter unprofessional, illegal, and inappropriate behaviors by both law enforcement and the public.” [41]

Police body worn cameras offer transparency and accountability to the public, which is an attempt to “mend that frayed relationship between the police and the community,” according to former New York Governor Andrew Cuomo. [56][57][58]

When an officer wearing a camera arrives at a domestic violence scene, the camera is able to record the immediate aftermath of the attack, including injuries the victim has suffered, as well as victim statements that may be more honest than later statements once victims remember emotional and financial ties to their abusers. Victims may also feel more secure in their testimony with video evidence backing up their statements. [51][52]

Elliott Knetsch, prosecutor for the city of Burnsville, Minnesota, whose police department uses body-worn cameras, states, “When the cops are called and come through the door, the victim is very happy and relieved to see them. They feel safe. They tell the officer what happened. That statement given right at that moment is more likely to be the truth than what comes out even half an hour later, when the implications of what has happened start to set in.” [51]

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Pat Lynch, president of the Police Benevolent Association of the city of New York, state officers “are already weighed down with equipment like escape hoods [gas masks], Mace, flashlights, memo books, ASPs [batons], radio, handcuffs and the like. Additional equipment becomes an encumbrance and a safety issue for those carrying it.” [17]

Amid the Black Lives Matter protests after the death of George Floyd, a June 2020 Reuters/Ipsos poll found 92% of Americans wanted federal police officers to wear body cams. A July 2020 University of Maryland School of Public Policy survey found 90% support for all police officers being required to wear body cameras, including 85% of Republicans, 86% of independents, and 94% of Democrats. [54][55]

A RAND study found that use of force by police officers dropped if the officers wearing cameras kept the cameras recording for the officers’ whole shift. In Miami-Dade County, Florida, researchers found a 19% reduction in police officers using physical force against citizen resistance, and civil cases against the police department for use of force dropped 74%. [50][47]

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Police body cameras (also called body-worn cameras) are small cameras worn on a law enforcement officer’s chest or head to record interactions between the officer and the public. The cameras have a microphone to capture sound and internal data storage to save video footage for later review. [37][41]

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Former Spokane, Washington police chief Frank Straub notes that “every day we are exposing persons challenged by mental illness, autism, developmental disabilities, addiction, etc. We are creating and making public recordings of their illness and potentially creating life-long consequences.” [22]

Many training academies focus on the government executive protection model of the U.S. Secret Service, U.S. Department of State, and other federal and state-level organizations. However, the curriculum of EPA-301 is focused on training our agents to support private sector C-Suite ultra-high-net-worth (UHNW) embedded clients, domestically and internationally.

The ten-day/80-plus hour course is a modular training program that utilizes a hybrid combination of live, instructor-led instruction combined with web-based/online components. The training program is designed to deliver a very comprehensive blend of both human/soft and hard skills for executive protection professionals of all experience levels, including entry-level, novice, and seasoned practitioners currently protecting Fortune 500 principals, C-Suite ultra-high-net-worth (UHNW) individuals, and public figures.

In the six months since body cameras were deployed in Burnsville, police recorded video for almost every domestic violence case, something former chief deputy of the Dakota County Attorney’s Office, Phil Prokopowicz, finds useful. He states that camera footage “can be influential in resolving the case in terms of negotiations. The defendant gets to see the act and know what will be displayed in front of the jury. The documenting of those first moments is very critical to those types of cases, as well as any admissions that may occur as officers are entering.” [51]

EPA-301 strives to instruct students on the “why” behind executive protection practices. It is not enough for students to be able to simply perform the concepts, but to be able to persuade, defend, and instruct clients, principals, and others on industry standard best practices. The curriculum is meant to equip students with recent / relevant training to prepare them to seamlessly apply these concepts to the corporate setting. This training program recognizes the “primary learning” concept, which is, an individual will fall back to the primary learning concepts they first received. For this reason, EPA-301 curriculum recognizes the importance of instilling “best practices” which are directly applicable to the environment the agents will be operating in and will avoid training scars.

Executive protection (EP) is a service which boosts productivity and mitigates the elevated and ever-changing personal risks, threats, and vulnerabilities of individuals due to their prominence, wealth, occupation, reputation, travel destinations, or other factors. Services include secure travel logistics, close personal protection, intelligence analysis, and related measures to ensure the productivity and safety of the principal wherever and whenever necessary. In addition to providing peace of mind for prominent individuals and their families, corporate boards mandate executive protection for CEOs and other Principals. This mandate fulfills duty-of-care requirements to safeguard shareholder interests which are often contingent upon the wellbeing of these principals.

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In a perhaps extreme but cautionary example, in Oct. 2018 a Staten Island, New York, officer’s body camera burst into flames while the officer was wearing the device. He was luckily not injured, but the department was forced to recall thousands of cameras. [61]