International, regional, and national classification and labelling systems are already established and tested in practice.  The United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods is widely recognized and used among the UN member states.  An example of a system that has been designed for use in several countries is the classification and labelling system of the European Communities (EC).  Several functioning national systems, such as those of Canada and USA, may also be used as models for national systems.  This guide could be used as training material or at places of work when individual labels are checked or prepared using the data on chemical substances listed in Annex 4. It may also serve as reference material, or as a manual, providing basic safety information on these substances. This guide describes the labelling system used in the countries of the European Union (EU) as an example and the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods is also briefly presented. This document consists of:  EU symbols and indications of danger  EU standard risk phrases (R-phrases)  EU standard safety phrases (S-phrases)  list of dangerous substances with the classification and labelling requirements  IARC list of cancer causing substances, carcinogens  list of chemicals with properties potential to cause major hazard  list of some substances and products which are subject to a ban or restrictions in EU countries  UN list of hazard classes for transport of dangerous goods  UN symbols for transport of dangerous goods  2. Identification and Classification The objective is to identify the hazardous properties of chemicals which may constitute a risk during normal handling or use, risks to health, property or the environment. The user of the chemicals is also to be introduced to the hazards they present and given the basic information, in a suitable manner, such as using a properly made label. In this document one component chemical is called a substance, a mixture composed of two or more substances is called a preparation. The hazards of preparations can be assessed using the information on hazards of their component substances. (See example 2.) For classification purposes the degree of hazard depends not only on the properties of a dangerous substance but also on the level of exposure. This refers to the concentration of hazardous components in the mixtures. In order to assess a preparation it is essential to know also the quantities of its hazardous minor components. The EU classification and labelling system used here as an example can be applied to dangerous substances and preparations. However, this system should not be applied to medical or veterinary products, cosmetics, munitions or explosives, pesticides specified elsewhere, waste and foodstuffs or animal feedstuffs in the finished stage. These have their own specifications and requirements for labelling. 3. What is a hazardous chemical ? The following properties contribute to risk to health resulting from acute, repeated or prolonged exposure:  very toxic or toxic  harmful  corrosive  irritant  cancer causing  hazards to reproduction  can cause non-heritable birth defects  sensitizing  Fire and explosion hazards may be classified as follows  explosive  oxidizing  extremely flammable  highly flammable  flammable  The following properties present a hazard to the environment and are:  toxic to living organisms  persistent in the environment  bioaccumulative  Also substances and preparations that cannot be classified by using the above system may be regarded as dangerous if they have properties which are hazardous to health, to living organisms or if they can damage property. 4. How to pass on the information to users? All chemicals, both substances and preparations, should have a clear marking to indicate their identity. The packages and containers of dangerous substances and preparations should, in addition to marking only, to have a label with required information. The label should draw attention to the inherent danger to persons handling or using the chemical. Symbols and pictograms have been established for each hazard category listed above. The symbol forms an integral part of the label and gives an immediate idea of the types of hazards that the substance or the preparation may cause. (Annex 1) To specify the type of danger pertinent standard risk phrases should also be included in the label. (Annex 2) Advice on the precautions necessary in the handling of chemicals are given with standard safety phrases also included in the label. (Annex 3) 5. Where to find information about hazardous chemicals? The chemical supplier, manufacturer or importer, should be able to provide detailed information and a Safety Data Sheet. In certain countries, such as those of the EU, the manufacturer or importer has the obligation to find and give adequate information about a chemical for assessment of the health and environmental hazards of his chemical for handling and for its labelling. Safety data sheets have been prepared on many dangerous substances and preparations by manufacturers. These should go together with the product to the occupational user. The information in these is not always validated or checked. On pure substances International Chemical Safety Cards are available. These contain validated basic information, which may be used also for preparing safety data sheets on chemical preparations or products. Lists of classified chemicals exist in several national legislations and regulations which provide information on local requirements in the handling of dangerous chemicals. The information for classification, and labels, may be obtained from tests, from literature, from practical experience and from information requirements by international rules on the transport of dangerous substances and wastes. Some sources of information are listed in the bibliography. 6. How to classify for a label? The label is the basic tool to keep the user informed on the classification and the most important safety precautions. This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

HEALTH and SAFETY COMMISSION, Information Approved for the Classification, Packing and Labelling of Dangerous Substances for Supply and Conveyance by Road, 2nd Ed., London 1988 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Code of Practice: Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1993 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Convention No. 170 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Recommendation No. 177 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol I - III, Geneva 1983 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Major Hazard Control, A Practical Manual, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Occupational Cancer: Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health Series 39, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1988 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

Healthhazard symbol

This document consists of:  EU symbols and indications of danger  EU standard risk phrases (R-phrases)  EU standard safety phrases (S-phrases)  list of dangerous substances with the classification and labelling requirements  IARC list of cancer causing substances, carcinogens  list of chemicals with properties potential to cause major hazard  list of some substances and products which are subject to a ban or restrictions in EU countries  UN list of hazard classes for transport of dangerous goods  UN symbols for transport of dangerous goods  2. Identification and Classification The objective is to identify the hazardous properties of chemicals which may constitute a risk during normal handling or use, risks to health, property or the environment. The user of the chemicals is also to be introduced to the hazards they present and given the basic information, in a suitable manner, such as using a properly made label. In this document one component chemical is called a substance, a mixture composed of two or more substances is called a preparation. The hazards of preparations can be assessed using the information on hazards of their component substances. (See example 2.) For classification purposes the degree of hazard depends not only on the properties of a dangerous substance but also on the level of exposure. This refers to the concentration of hazardous components in the mixtures. In order to assess a preparation it is essential to know also the quantities of its hazardous minor components. The EU classification and labelling system used here as an example can be applied to dangerous substances and preparations. However, this system should not be applied to medical or veterinary products, cosmetics, munitions or explosives, pesticides specified elsewhere, waste and foodstuffs or animal feedstuffs in the finished stage. These have their own specifications and requirements for labelling. 3. What is a hazardous chemical ? The following properties contribute to risk to health resulting from acute, repeated or prolonged exposure:  very toxic or toxic  harmful  corrosive  irritant  cancer causing  hazards to reproduction  can cause non-heritable birth defects  sensitizing  Fire and explosion hazards may be classified as follows  explosive  oxidizing  extremely flammable  highly flammable  flammable  The following properties present a hazard to the environment and are:  toxic to living organisms  persistent in the environment  bioaccumulative  Also substances and preparations that cannot be classified by using the above system may be regarded as dangerous if they have properties which are hazardous to health, to living organisms or if they can damage property. 4. How to pass on the information to users? All chemicals, both substances and preparations, should have a clear marking to indicate their identity. The packages and containers of dangerous substances and preparations should, in addition to marking only, to have a label with required information. The label should draw attention to the inherent danger to persons handling or using the chemical. Symbols and pictograms have been established for each hazard category listed above. The symbol forms an integral part of the label and gives an immediate idea of the types of hazards that the substance or the preparation may cause. (Annex 1) To specify the type of danger pertinent standard risk phrases should also be included in the label. (Annex 2) Advice on the precautions necessary in the handling of chemicals are given with standard safety phrases also included in the label. (Annex 3) 5. Where to find information about hazardous chemicals? The chemical supplier, manufacturer or importer, should be able to provide detailed information and a Safety Data Sheet. In certain countries, such as those of the EU, the manufacturer or importer has the obligation to find and give adequate information about a chemical for assessment of the health and environmental hazards of his chemical for handling and for its labelling. Safety data sheets have been prepared on many dangerous substances and preparations by manufacturers. These should go together with the product to the occupational user. The information in these is not always validated or checked. On pure substances International Chemical Safety Cards are available. These contain validated basic information, which may be used also for preparing safety data sheets on chemical preparations or products. Lists of classified chemicals exist in several national legislations and regulations which provide information on local requirements in the handling of dangerous chemicals. The information for classification, and labels, may be obtained from tests, from literature, from practical experience and from information requirements by international rules on the transport of dangerous substances and wastes. Some sources of information are listed in the bibliography. 6. How to classify for a label? The label is the basic tool to keep the user informed on the classification and the most important safety precautions. This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

As long as all conditions for NMI are met (including probe connection and probe spread), a current can flow through muscles and the attacker can lose control of said muscles.

For further information please contact the International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre at Tel: +41.22.799.6740, Fax: +41.22.799.8516 or E-mail: cis@ilo.org [ SafeWork Home | Protection Home ]

76/769/EEC Council Directive of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 88/364/EEC Council Directive of 9 June 1988 on the protection of workers by banning of certain specified agents and/or certain work activities (Fourth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 8 of Directive 80/1107/EEC) 91/339/EEC Council Directive of 18 June 1991 amending for 11th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 91/659/EEC Commission Directive of 3 December 1991 adapting to technical progress Annex I to Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations (asbestos) GARDNER and COOKE, Chemical Synonyms and Trade Names, Technical Press, London HEALTH and SAFETY COMMISSION, Information Approved for the Classification, Packing and Labelling of Dangerous Substances for Supply and Conveyance by Road, 2nd Ed., London 1988 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Code of Practice: Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1993 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Convention No. 170 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Recommendation No. 177 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol I - III, Geneva 1983 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Major Hazard Control, A Practical Manual, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Occupational Cancer: Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health Series 39, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1988 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

The key to have the symbol picture is in Annex 1. The key to have a sentence in words is for the risk phrases in Annex 2. and for the safety phrases in Annex 3.

GARDNER and COOKE, Chemical Synonyms and Trade Names, Technical Press, London HEALTH and SAFETY COMMISSION, Information Approved for the Classification, Packing and Labelling of Dangerous Substances for Supply and Conveyance by Road, 2nd Ed., London 1988 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Code of Practice: Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1993 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Convention No. 170 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Recommendation No. 177 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol I - III, Geneva 1983 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Major Hazard Control, A Practical Manual, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Occupational Cancer: Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health Series 39, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1988 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

The user of the chemicals is also to be introduced to the hazards they present and given the basic information, in a suitable manner, such as using a properly made label. In this document one component chemical is called a substance, a mixture composed of two or more substances is called a preparation. The hazards of preparations can be assessed using the information on hazards of their component substances. (See example 2.) For classification purposes the degree of hazard depends not only on the properties of a dangerous substance but also on the level of exposure. This refers to the concentration of hazardous components in the mixtures. In order to assess a preparation it is essential to know also the quantities of its hazardous minor components. The EU classification and labelling system used here as an example can be applied to dangerous substances and preparations. However, this system should not be applied to medical or veterinary products, cosmetics, munitions or explosives, pesticides specified elsewhere, waste and foodstuffs or animal feedstuffs in the finished stage. These have their own specifications and requirements for labelling. 3. What is a hazardous chemical ? The following properties contribute to risk to health resulting from acute, repeated or prolonged exposure:  very toxic or toxic  harmful  corrosive  irritant  cancer causing  hazards to reproduction  can cause non-heritable birth defects  sensitizing  Fire and explosion hazards may be classified as follows  explosive  oxidizing  extremely flammable  highly flammable  flammable  The following properties present a hazard to the environment and are:  toxic to living organisms  persistent in the environment  bioaccumulative  Also substances and preparations that cannot be classified by using the above system may be regarded as dangerous if they have properties which are hazardous to health, to living organisms or if they can damage property. 4. How to pass on the information to users? All chemicals, both substances and preparations, should have a clear marking to indicate their identity. The packages and containers of dangerous substances and preparations should, in addition to marking only, to have a label with required information. The label should draw attention to the inherent danger to persons handling or using the chemical. Symbols and pictograms have been established for each hazard category listed above. The symbol forms an integral part of the label and gives an immediate idea of the types of hazards that the substance or the preparation may cause. (Annex 1) To specify the type of danger pertinent standard risk phrases should also be included in the label. (Annex 2) Advice on the precautions necessary in the handling of chemicals are given with standard safety phrases also included in the label. (Annex 3) 5. Where to find information about hazardous chemicals? The chemical supplier, manufacturer or importer, should be able to provide detailed information and a Safety Data Sheet. In certain countries, such as those of the EU, the manufacturer or importer has the obligation to find and give adequate information about a chemical for assessment of the health and environmental hazards of his chemical for handling and for its labelling. Safety data sheets have been prepared on many dangerous substances and preparations by manufacturers. These should go together with the product to the occupational user. The information in these is not always validated or checked. On pure substances International Chemical Safety Cards are available. These contain validated basic information, which may be used also for preparing safety data sheets on chemical preparations or products. Lists of classified chemicals exist in several national legislations and regulations which provide information on local requirements in the handling of dangerous chemicals. The information for classification, and labels, may be obtained from tests, from literature, from practical experience and from information requirements by international rules on the transport of dangerous substances and wastes. Some sources of information are listed in the bibliography. 6. How to classify for a label? The label is the basic tool to keep the user informed on the classification and the most important safety precautions. This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

Each cartridge can only be fired once but can deliver multiple electrical cycles. That means that while the darts can only be projected at a target once, as long as the darts remain in the target after the initial 30-second electrical cycle, subsequent electrical cycles can be engaged.

ILO, International Labour Organisation, Convention No. 170 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Recommendation No. 177 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol I - III, Geneva 1983 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Major Hazard Control, A Practical Manual, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Occupational Cancer: Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health Series 39, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1988 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

The TASER Pulse+ device is being retired as of April 8th, 2022. The Pulse+ has been a valued product since 2018, and this end of life decision was made as part of our on-going product lifecycle management process. As TASER device technology continues to evolve, first generation products eventually reach the end of their useful life and components become increasingly harder to source, making support for these products no longer feasible. We will still offer the TASER Pulse and the TASER Bolt 2 as suggested replacements.

To specify the type of danger pertinent standard risk phrases should also be included in the label. (Annex 2) Advice on the precautions necessary in the handling of chemicals are given with standard safety phrases also included in the label. (Annex 3) 5. Where to find information about hazardous chemicals? The chemical supplier, manufacturer or importer, should be able to provide detailed information and a Safety Data Sheet. In certain countries, such as those of the EU, the manufacturer or importer has the obligation to find and give adequate information about a chemical for assessment of the health and environmental hazards of his chemical for handling and for its labelling. Safety data sheets have been prepared on many dangerous substances and preparations by manufacturers. These should go together with the product to the occupational user. The information in these is not always validated or checked. On pure substances International Chemical Safety Cards are available. These contain validated basic information, which may be used also for preparing safety data sheets on chemical preparations or products. Lists of classified chemicals exist in several national legislations and regulations which provide information on local requirements in the handling of dangerous chemicals. The information for classification, and labels, may be obtained from tests, from literature, from practical experience and from information requirements by international rules on the transport of dangerous substances and wastes. Some sources of information are listed in the bibliography. 6. How to classify for a label? The label is the basic tool to keep the user informed on the classification and the most important safety precautions. This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

This directive has four adaptations to the technical progress. 90/492/EEC Commission Directive of 5 September 1990 adapting to technical progress for the second time Council Directive 88/379/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the classification, packing and labelling of dangerous preparations 2455/92/EEC Council Regulation of 23 July 1992 concerning the export and import of certain dangerous chemicals 91/338/EEC Council Directive of 18 June 1991 amending for the 10th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 76/769/EEC Council Directive of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 88/364/EEC Council Directive of 9 June 1988 on the protection of workers by banning of certain specified agents and/or certain work activities (Fourth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 8 of Directive 80/1107/EEC) 91/339/EEC Council Directive of 18 June 1991 amending for 11th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 91/659/EEC Commission Directive of 3 December 1991 adapting to technical progress Annex I to Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations (asbestos) GARDNER and COOKE, Chemical Synonyms and Trade Names, Technical Press, London HEALTH and SAFETY COMMISSION, Information Approved for the Classification, Packing and Labelling of Dangerous Substances for Supply and Conveyance by Road, 2nd Ed., London 1988 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Code of Practice: Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1993 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Convention No. 170 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Recommendation No. 177 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol I - III, Geneva 1983 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Major Hazard Control, A Practical Manual, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Occupational Cancer: Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health Series 39, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1988 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

Advice on the precautions necessary in the handling of chemicals are given with standard safety phrases also included in the label. (Annex 3) 5. Where to find information about hazardous chemicals? The chemical supplier, manufacturer or importer, should be able to provide detailed information and a Safety Data Sheet. In certain countries, such as those of the EU, the manufacturer or importer has the obligation to find and give adequate information about a chemical for assessment of the health and environmental hazards of his chemical for handling and for its labelling. Safety data sheets have been prepared on many dangerous substances and preparations by manufacturers. These should go together with the product to the occupational user. The information in these is not always validated or checked. On pure substances International Chemical Safety Cards are available. These contain validated basic information, which may be used also for preparing safety data sheets on chemical preparations or products. Lists of classified chemicals exist in several national legislations and regulations which provide information on local requirements in the handling of dangerous chemicals. The information for classification, and labels, may be obtained from tests, from literature, from practical experience and from information requirements by international rules on the transport of dangerous substances and wastes. Some sources of information are listed in the bibliography. 6. How to classify for a label? The label is the basic tool to keep the user informed on the classification and the most important safety precautions. This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

The information for classification, and labels, may be obtained from tests, from literature, from practical experience and from information requirements by international rules on the transport of dangerous substances and wastes. Some sources of information are listed in the bibliography. 6. How to classify for a label? The label is the basic tool to keep the user informed on the classification and the most important safety precautions. This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

For classification purposes the degree of hazard depends not only on the properties of a dangerous substance but also on the level of exposure. This refers to the concentration of hazardous components in the mixtures. In order to assess a preparation it is essential to know also the quantities of its hazardous minor components. The EU classification and labelling system used here as an example can be applied to dangerous substances and preparations. However, this system should not be applied to medical or veterinary products, cosmetics, munitions or explosives, pesticides specified elsewhere, waste and foodstuffs or animal feedstuffs in the finished stage. These have their own specifications and requirements for labelling. 3. What is a hazardous chemical ? The following properties contribute to risk to health resulting from acute, repeated or prolonged exposure:  very toxic or toxic  harmful  corrosive  irritant  cancer causing  hazards to reproduction  can cause non-heritable birth defects  sensitizing  Fire and explosion hazards may be classified as follows  explosive  oxidizing  extremely flammable  highly flammable  flammable  The following properties present a hazard to the environment and are:  toxic to living organisms  persistent in the environment  bioaccumulative  Also substances and preparations that cannot be classified by using the above system may be regarded as dangerous if they have properties which are hazardous to health, to living organisms or if they can damage property. 4. How to pass on the information to users? All chemicals, both substances and preparations, should have a clear marking to indicate their identity. The packages and containers of dangerous substances and preparations should, in addition to marking only, to have a label with required information. The label should draw attention to the inherent danger to persons handling or using the chemical. Symbols and pictograms have been established for each hazard category listed above. The symbol forms an integral part of the label and gives an immediate idea of the types of hazards that the substance or the preparation may cause. (Annex 1) To specify the type of danger pertinent standard risk phrases should also be included in the label. (Annex 2) Advice on the precautions necessary in the handling of chemicals are given with standard safety phrases also included in the label. (Annex 3) 5. Where to find information about hazardous chemicals? The chemical supplier, manufacturer or importer, should be able to provide detailed information and a Safety Data Sheet. In certain countries, such as those of the EU, the manufacturer or importer has the obligation to find and give adequate information about a chemical for assessment of the health and environmental hazards of his chemical for handling and for its labelling. Safety data sheets have been prepared on many dangerous substances and preparations by manufacturers. These should go together with the product to the occupational user. The information in these is not always validated or checked. On pure substances International Chemical Safety Cards are available. These contain validated basic information, which may be used also for preparing safety data sheets on chemical preparations or products. Lists of classified chemicals exist in several national legislations and regulations which provide information on local requirements in the handling of dangerous chemicals. The information for classification, and labels, may be obtained from tests, from literature, from practical experience and from information requirements by international rules on the transport of dangerous substances and wastes. Some sources of information are listed in the bibliography. 6. How to classify for a label? The label is the basic tool to keep the user informed on the classification and the most important safety precautions. This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

90/492/EEC Commission Directive of 5 September 1990 adapting to technical progress for the second time Council Directive 88/379/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the classification, packing and labelling of dangerous preparations 2455/92/EEC Council Regulation of 23 July 1992 concerning the export and import of certain dangerous chemicals 91/338/EEC Council Directive of 18 June 1991 amending for the 10th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 76/769/EEC Council Directive of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 88/364/EEC Council Directive of 9 June 1988 on the protection of workers by banning of certain specified agents and/or certain work activities (Fourth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 8 of Directive 80/1107/EEC) 91/339/EEC Council Directive of 18 June 1991 amending for 11th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 91/659/EEC Commission Directive of 3 December 1991 adapting to technical progress Annex I to Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations (asbestos) GARDNER and COOKE, Chemical Synonyms and Trade Names, Technical Press, London HEALTH and SAFETY COMMISSION, Information Approved for the Classification, Packing and Labelling of Dangerous Substances for Supply and Conveyance by Road, 2nd Ed., London 1988 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Code of Practice: Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1993 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Convention No. 170 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Recommendation No. 177 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol I - III, Geneva 1983 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Major Hazard Control, A Practical Manual, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Occupational Cancer: Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health Series 39, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1988 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

The hazard classification and labelling process is an essential tool for establishing an effective information transfer so that the degree of the hazard the chemical represents for man and the environment can be recognized, the correct preventive actions be chosen, and safe use achieved. The International Labour Organization (ILO) has adopted the Convention No. 170 and Recommendation No. 177 on `Safety in the use of chemicals at work' in 1990. International, regional, and national classification and labelling systems are already established and tested in practice.  The United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods is widely recognized and used among the UN member states.  An example of a system that has been designed for use in several countries is the classification and labelling system of the European Communities (EC).  Several functioning national systems, such as those of Canada and USA, may also be used as models for national systems.  This guide could be used as training material or at places of work when individual labels are checked or prepared using the data on chemical substances listed in Annex 4. It may also serve as reference material, or as a manual, providing basic safety information on these substances. This guide describes the labelling system used in the countries of the European Union (EU) as an example and the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods is also briefly presented. This document consists of:  EU symbols and indications of danger  EU standard risk phrases (R-phrases)  EU standard safety phrases (S-phrases)  list of dangerous substances with the classification and labelling requirements  IARC list of cancer causing substances, carcinogens  list of chemicals with properties potential to cause major hazard  list of some substances and products which are subject to a ban or restrictions in EU countries  UN list of hazard classes for transport of dangerous goods  UN symbols for transport of dangerous goods  2. Identification and Classification The objective is to identify the hazardous properties of chemicals which may constitute a risk during normal handling or use, risks to health, property or the environment. The user of the chemicals is also to be introduced to the hazards they present and given the basic information, in a suitable manner, such as using a properly made label. In this document one component chemical is called a substance, a mixture composed of two or more substances is called a preparation. The hazards of preparations can be assessed using the information on hazards of their component substances. (See example 2.) For classification purposes the degree of hazard depends not only on the properties of a dangerous substance but also on the level of exposure. This refers to the concentration of hazardous components in the mixtures. In order to assess a preparation it is essential to know also the quantities of its hazardous minor components. The EU classification and labelling system used here as an example can be applied to dangerous substances and preparations. However, this system should not be applied to medical or veterinary products, cosmetics, munitions or explosives, pesticides specified elsewhere, waste and foodstuffs or animal feedstuffs in the finished stage. These have their own specifications and requirements for labelling. 3. What is a hazardous chemical ? The following properties contribute to risk to health resulting from acute, repeated or prolonged exposure:  very toxic or toxic  harmful  corrosive  irritant  cancer causing  hazards to reproduction  can cause non-heritable birth defects  sensitizing  Fire and explosion hazards may be classified as follows  explosive  oxidizing  extremely flammable  highly flammable  flammable  The following properties present a hazard to the environment and are:  toxic to living organisms  persistent in the environment  bioaccumulative  Also substances and preparations that cannot be classified by using the above system may be regarded as dangerous if they have properties which are hazardous to health, to living organisms or if they can damage property. 4. How to pass on the information to users? All chemicals, both substances and preparations, should have a clear marking to indicate their identity. The packages and containers of dangerous substances and preparations should, in addition to marking only, to have a label with required information. The label should draw attention to the inherent danger to persons handling or using the chemical. Symbols and pictograms have been established for each hazard category listed above. The symbol forms an integral part of the label and gives an immediate idea of the types of hazards that the substance or the preparation may cause. (Annex 1) To specify the type of danger pertinent standard risk phrases should also be included in the label. (Annex 2) Advice on the precautions necessary in the handling of chemicals are given with standard safety phrases also included in the label. (Annex 3) 5. Where to find information about hazardous chemicals? The chemical supplier, manufacturer or importer, should be able to provide detailed information and a Safety Data Sheet. In certain countries, such as those of the EU, the manufacturer or importer has the obligation to find and give adequate information about a chemical for assessment of the health and environmental hazards of his chemical for handling and for its labelling. Safety data sheets have been prepared on many dangerous substances and preparations by manufacturers. These should go together with the product to the occupational user. The information in these is not always validated or checked. On pure substances International Chemical Safety Cards are available. These contain validated basic information, which may be used also for preparing safety data sheets on chemical preparations or products. Lists of classified chemicals exist in several national legislations and regulations which provide information on local requirements in the handling of dangerous chemicals. The information for classification, and labels, may be obtained from tests, from literature, from practical experience and from information requirements by international rules on the transport of dangerous substances and wastes. Some sources of information are listed in the bibliography. 6. How to classify for a label? The label is the basic tool to keep the user informed on the classification and the most important safety precautions. This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

ILO, International Labour Organisation, Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol I - III, Geneva 1983 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Major Hazard Control, A Practical Manual, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Occupational Cancer: Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health Series 39, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1988 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

Lists of classified chemicals exist in several national legislations and regulations which provide information on local requirements in the handling of dangerous chemicals. The information for classification, and labels, may be obtained from tests, from literature, from practical experience and from information requirements by international rules on the transport of dangerous substances and wastes. Some sources of information are listed in the bibliography. 6. How to classify for a label? The label is the basic tool to keep the user informed on the classification and the most important safety precautions. This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

Hazard symbol

The International Labour Organization (ILO) has adopted the Convention No. 170 and Recommendation No. 177 on `Safety in the use of chemicals at work' in 1990. International, regional, and national classification and labelling systems are already established and tested in practice.  The United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods is widely recognized and used among the UN member states.  An example of a system that has been designed for use in several countries is the classification and labelling system of the European Communities (EC).  Several functioning national systems, such as those of Canada and USA, may also be used as models for national systems.  This guide could be used as training material or at places of work when individual labels are checked or prepared using the data on chemical substances listed in Annex 4. It may also serve as reference material, or as a manual, providing basic safety information on these substances. This guide describes the labelling system used in the countries of the European Union (EU) as an example and the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods is also briefly presented. This document consists of:  EU symbols and indications of danger  EU standard risk phrases (R-phrases)  EU standard safety phrases (S-phrases)  list of dangerous substances with the classification and labelling requirements  IARC list of cancer causing substances, carcinogens  list of chemicals with properties potential to cause major hazard  list of some substances and products which are subject to a ban or restrictions in EU countries  UN list of hazard classes for transport of dangerous goods  UN symbols for transport of dangerous goods  2. Identification and Classification The objective is to identify the hazardous properties of chemicals which may constitute a risk during normal handling or use, risks to health, property or the environment. The user of the chemicals is also to be introduced to the hazards they present and given the basic information, in a suitable manner, such as using a properly made label. In this document one component chemical is called a substance, a mixture composed of two or more substances is called a preparation. The hazards of preparations can be assessed using the information on hazards of their component substances. (See example 2.) For classification purposes the degree of hazard depends not only on the properties of a dangerous substance but also on the level of exposure. This refers to the concentration of hazardous components in the mixtures. In order to assess a preparation it is essential to know also the quantities of its hazardous minor components. The EU classification and labelling system used here as an example can be applied to dangerous substances and preparations. However, this system should not be applied to medical or veterinary products, cosmetics, munitions or explosives, pesticides specified elsewhere, waste and foodstuffs or animal feedstuffs in the finished stage. These have their own specifications and requirements for labelling. 3. What is a hazardous chemical ? The following properties contribute to risk to health resulting from acute, repeated or prolonged exposure:  very toxic or toxic  harmful  corrosive  irritant  cancer causing  hazards to reproduction  can cause non-heritable birth defects  sensitizing  Fire and explosion hazards may be classified as follows  explosive  oxidizing  extremely flammable  highly flammable  flammable  The following properties present a hazard to the environment and are:  toxic to living organisms  persistent in the environment  bioaccumulative  Also substances and preparations that cannot be classified by using the above system may be regarded as dangerous if they have properties which are hazardous to health, to living organisms or if they can damage property. 4. How to pass on the information to users? All chemicals, both substances and preparations, should have a clear marking to indicate their identity. The packages and containers of dangerous substances and preparations should, in addition to marking only, to have a label with required information. The label should draw attention to the inherent danger to persons handling or using the chemical. Symbols and pictograms have been established for each hazard category listed above. The symbol forms an integral part of the label and gives an immediate idea of the types of hazards that the substance or the preparation may cause. (Annex 1) To specify the type of danger pertinent standard risk phrases should also be included in the label. (Annex 2) Advice on the precautions necessary in the handling of chemicals are given with standard safety phrases also included in the label. (Annex 3) 5. Where to find information about hazardous chemicals? The chemical supplier, manufacturer or importer, should be able to provide detailed information and a Safety Data Sheet. In certain countries, such as those of the EU, the manufacturer or importer has the obligation to find and give adequate information about a chemical for assessment of the health and environmental hazards of his chemical for handling and for its labelling. Safety data sheets have been prepared on many dangerous substances and preparations by manufacturers. These should go together with the product to the occupational user. The information in these is not always validated or checked. On pure substances International Chemical Safety Cards are available. These contain validated basic information, which may be used also for preparing safety data sheets on chemical preparations or products. Lists of classified chemicals exist in several national legislations and regulations which provide information on local requirements in the handling of dangerous chemicals. The information for classification, and labels, may be obtained from tests, from literature, from practical experience and from information requirements by international rules on the transport of dangerous substances and wastes. Some sources of information are listed in the bibliography. 6. How to classify for a label? The label is the basic tool to keep the user informed on the classification and the most important safety precautions. This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

2455/92/EEC Council Regulation of 23 July 1992 concerning the export and import of certain dangerous chemicals 91/338/EEC Council Directive of 18 June 1991 amending for the 10th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 76/769/EEC Council Directive of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 88/364/EEC Council Directive of 9 June 1988 on the protection of workers by banning of certain specified agents and/or certain work activities (Fourth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 8 of Directive 80/1107/EEC) 91/339/EEC Council Directive of 18 June 1991 amending for 11th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 91/659/EEC Commission Directive of 3 December 1991 adapting to technical progress Annex I to Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations (asbestos) GARDNER and COOKE, Chemical Synonyms and Trade Names, Technical Press, London HEALTH and SAFETY COMMISSION, Information Approved for the Classification, Packing and Labelling of Dangerous Substances for Supply and Conveyance by Road, 2nd Ed., London 1988 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Code of Practice: Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1993 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Convention No. 170 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Recommendation No. 177 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol I - III, Geneva 1983 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Major Hazard Control, A Practical Manual, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Occupational Cancer: Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health Series 39, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1988 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

88/364/EEC Council Directive of 9 June 1988 on the protection of workers by banning of certain specified agents and/or certain work activities (Fourth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 8 of Directive 80/1107/EEC) 91/339/EEC Council Directive of 18 June 1991 amending for 11th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 91/659/EEC Commission Directive of 3 December 1991 adapting to technical progress Annex I to Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations (asbestos) GARDNER and COOKE, Chemical Synonyms and Trade Names, Technical Press, London HEALTH and SAFETY COMMISSION, Information Approved for the Classification, Packing and Labelling of Dangerous Substances for Supply and Conveyance by Road, 2nd Ed., London 1988 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Code of Practice: Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1993 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Convention No. 170 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Recommendation No. 177 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol I - III, Geneva 1983 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Major Hazard Control, A Practical Manual, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Occupational Cancer: Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health Series 39, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1988 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

On pure substances International Chemical Safety Cards are available. These contain validated basic information, which may be used also for preparing safety data sheets on chemical preparations or products. Lists of classified chemicals exist in several national legislations and regulations which provide information on local requirements in the handling of dangerous chemicals. The information for classification, and labels, may be obtained from tests, from literature, from practical experience and from information requirements by international rules on the transport of dangerous substances and wastes. Some sources of information are listed in the bibliography. 6. How to classify for a label? The label is the basic tool to keep the user informed on the classification and the most important safety precautions. This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

Generally, no account needs to be taken of substances if they are present in following amounts, unless another lower limit has been specifically given:  less than 0.1% by weight for substances classified as very toxic T+, or toxic T  less than 1% for substances classified as harmful Xn, corrosive C, irritant Xi,  Information such as "non-toxic", "not harmful" should not be used in the labels. The pictorial symbol indicating danger is drawn in black and the background colour should be orange. The dimensions of the label:

91/338/EEC Council Directive of 18 June 1991 amending for the 10th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 76/769/EEC Council Directive of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 88/364/EEC Council Directive of 9 June 1988 on the protection of workers by banning of certain specified agents and/or certain work activities (Fourth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 8 of Directive 80/1107/EEC) 91/339/EEC Council Directive of 18 June 1991 amending for 11th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 91/659/EEC Commission Directive of 3 December 1991 adapting to technical progress Annex I to Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations (asbestos) GARDNER and COOKE, Chemical Synonyms and Trade Names, Technical Press, London HEALTH and SAFETY COMMISSION, Information Approved for the Classification, Packing and Labelling of Dangerous Substances for Supply and Conveyance by Road, 2nd Ed., London 1988 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Code of Practice: Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1993 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Convention No. 170 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Recommendation No. 177 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol I - III, Geneva 1983 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Major Hazard Control, A Practical Manual, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Occupational Cancer: Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health Series 39, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1988 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

The EU classification and labelling system used here as an example can be applied to dangerous substances and preparations. However, this system should not be applied to medical or veterinary products, cosmetics, munitions or explosives, pesticides specified elsewhere, waste and foodstuffs or animal feedstuffs in the finished stage. These have their own specifications and requirements for labelling. 3. What is a hazardous chemical ? The following properties contribute to risk to health resulting from acute, repeated or prolonged exposure:  very toxic or toxic  harmful  corrosive  irritant  cancer causing  hazards to reproduction  can cause non-heritable birth defects  sensitizing  Fire and explosion hazards may be classified as follows  explosive  oxidizing  extremely flammable  highly flammable  flammable  The following properties present a hazard to the environment and are:  toxic to living organisms  persistent in the environment  bioaccumulative  Also substances and preparations that cannot be classified by using the above system may be regarded as dangerous if they have properties which are hazardous to health, to living organisms or if they can damage property. 4. How to pass on the information to users? All chemicals, both substances and preparations, should have a clear marking to indicate their identity. The packages and containers of dangerous substances and preparations should, in addition to marking only, to have a label with required information. The label should draw attention to the inherent danger to persons handling or using the chemical. Symbols and pictograms have been established for each hazard category listed above. The symbol forms an integral part of the label and gives an immediate idea of the types of hazards that the substance or the preparation may cause. (Annex 1) To specify the type of danger pertinent standard risk phrases should also be included in the label. (Annex 2) Advice on the precautions necessary in the handling of chemicals are given with standard safety phrases also included in the label. (Annex 3) 5. Where to find information about hazardous chemicals? The chemical supplier, manufacturer or importer, should be able to provide detailed information and a Safety Data Sheet. In certain countries, such as those of the EU, the manufacturer or importer has the obligation to find and give adequate information about a chemical for assessment of the health and environmental hazards of his chemical for handling and for its labelling. Safety data sheets have been prepared on many dangerous substances and preparations by manufacturers. These should go together with the product to the occupational user. The information in these is not always validated or checked. On pure substances International Chemical Safety Cards are available. These contain validated basic information, which may be used also for preparing safety data sheets on chemical preparations or products. Lists of classified chemicals exist in several national legislations and regulations which provide information on local requirements in the handling of dangerous chemicals. The information for classification, and labels, may be obtained from tests, from literature, from practical experience and from information requirements by international rules on the transport of dangerous substances and wastes. Some sources of information are listed in the bibliography. 6. How to classify for a label? The label is the basic tool to keep the user informed on the classification and the most important safety precautions. This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

Flammablesymbol

91/659/EEC Commission Directive of 3 December 1991 adapting to technical progress Annex I to Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations (asbestos) GARDNER and COOKE, Chemical Synonyms and Trade Names, Technical Press, London HEALTH and SAFETY COMMISSION, Information Approved for the Classification, Packing and Labelling of Dangerous Substances for Supply and Conveyance by Road, 2nd Ed., London 1988 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Code of Practice: Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1993 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Convention No. 170 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Recommendation No. 177 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol I - III, Geneva 1983 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Major Hazard Control, A Practical Manual, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Occupational Cancer: Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health Series 39, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1988 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

Noonlight’s service is available to residents of the contiguous United States, Alaska, and Hawaii. For more details, please refer to Noonlight’s own terms here.

The hazards of preparations can be assessed using the information on hazards of their component substances. (See example 2.) For classification purposes the degree of hazard depends not only on the properties of a dangerous substance but also on the level of exposure. This refers to the concentration of hazardous components in the mixtures. In order to assess a preparation it is essential to know also the quantities of its hazardous minor components. The EU classification and labelling system used here as an example can be applied to dangerous substances and preparations. However, this system should not be applied to medical or veterinary products, cosmetics, munitions or explosives, pesticides specified elsewhere, waste and foodstuffs or animal feedstuffs in the finished stage. These have their own specifications and requirements for labelling. 3. What is a hazardous chemical ? The following properties contribute to risk to health resulting from acute, repeated or prolonged exposure:  very toxic or toxic  harmful  corrosive  irritant  cancer causing  hazards to reproduction  can cause non-heritable birth defects  sensitizing  Fire and explosion hazards may be classified as follows  explosive  oxidizing  extremely flammable  highly flammable  flammable  The following properties present a hazard to the environment and are:  toxic to living organisms  persistent in the environment  bioaccumulative  Also substances and preparations that cannot be classified by using the above system may be regarded as dangerous if they have properties which are hazardous to health, to living organisms or if they can damage property. 4. How to pass on the information to users? All chemicals, both substances and preparations, should have a clear marking to indicate their identity. The packages and containers of dangerous substances and preparations should, in addition to marking only, to have a label with required information. The label should draw attention to the inherent danger to persons handling or using the chemical. Symbols and pictograms have been established for each hazard category listed above. The symbol forms an integral part of the label and gives an immediate idea of the types of hazards that the substance or the preparation may cause. (Annex 1) To specify the type of danger pertinent standard risk phrases should also be included in the label. (Annex 2) Advice on the precautions necessary in the handling of chemicals are given with standard safety phrases also included in the label. (Annex 3) 5. Where to find information about hazardous chemicals? The chemical supplier, manufacturer or importer, should be able to provide detailed information and a Safety Data Sheet. In certain countries, such as those of the EU, the manufacturer or importer has the obligation to find and give adequate information about a chemical for assessment of the health and environmental hazards of his chemical for handling and for its labelling. Safety data sheets have been prepared on many dangerous substances and preparations by manufacturers. These should go together with the product to the occupational user. The information in these is not always validated or checked. On pure substances International Chemical Safety Cards are available. These contain validated basic information, which may be used also for preparing safety data sheets on chemical preparations or products. Lists of classified chemicals exist in several national legislations and regulations which provide information on local requirements in the handling of dangerous chemicals. The information for classification, and labels, may be obtained from tests, from literature, from practical experience and from information requirements by international rules on the transport of dangerous substances and wastes. Some sources of information are listed in the bibliography. 6. How to classify for a label? The label is the basic tool to keep the user informed on the classification and the most important safety precautions. This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

ILO, International Labour Organisation, Major Hazard Control, A Practical Manual, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Occupational Cancer: Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health Series 39, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1988 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

ILO, International Labour Organisation, Recommendation No. 177 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol I - III, Geneva 1983 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Major Hazard Control, A Practical Manual, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Occupational Cancer: Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health Series 39, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1988 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

hazardsymbols意思

ILO, International Labour Organisation, Occupational Cancer: Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health Series 39, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1988 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

No problem. Simply cancel by responding with your 4-digit Noonlight PIN when contacted via text or call from a Noonlight dispatcher. You can also cancel your alarm by entering your 4-digit Noonlight PIN inside the Noonlight app. We’re never upset about a false alarm because it means you’re safe.

This directive has been amended seven times and has eighteen adaptations to technical progress. 91/325/EEC Commission Directive of 1 March 1991 adapting to technical progress of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packing and labelling of dangerous substances 92/32/EEC Council Directive of 30 April 1992 amending for the seventh time Directive 67/548/EEC on approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packing and labelling of dangerous substances 88/379/EEC Council Directive of 7 June 1988 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the classification, packing and labelling of dangerous preparations This directive has four adaptations to the technical progress. 90/492/EEC Commission Directive of 5 September 1990 adapting to technical progress for the second time Council Directive 88/379/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the classification, packing and labelling of dangerous preparations 2455/92/EEC Council Regulation of 23 July 1992 concerning the export and import of certain dangerous chemicals 91/338/EEC Council Directive of 18 June 1991 amending for the 10th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 76/769/EEC Council Directive of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 88/364/EEC Council Directive of 9 June 1988 on the protection of workers by banning of certain specified agents and/or certain work activities (Fourth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 8 of Directive 80/1107/EEC) 91/339/EEC Council Directive of 18 June 1991 amending for 11th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 91/659/EEC Commission Directive of 3 December 1991 adapting to technical progress Annex I to Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations (asbestos) GARDNER and COOKE, Chemical Synonyms and Trade Names, Technical Press, London HEALTH and SAFETY COMMISSION, Information Approved for the Classification, Packing and Labelling of Dangerous Substances for Supply and Conveyance by Road, 2nd Ed., London 1988 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Code of Practice: Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1993 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Convention No. 170 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Recommendation No. 177 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol I - III, Geneva 1983 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Major Hazard Control, A Practical Manual, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Occupational Cancer: Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health Series 39, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1988 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

The label should draw attention to the inherent danger to persons handling or using the chemical. Symbols and pictograms have been established for each hazard category listed above. The symbol forms an integral part of the label and gives an immediate idea of the types of hazards that the substance or the preparation may cause. (Annex 1) To specify the type of danger pertinent standard risk phrases should also be included in the label. (Annex 2) Advice on the precautions necessary in the handling of chemicals are given with standard safety phrases also included in the label. (Annex 3) 5. Where to find information about hazardous chemicals? The chemical supplier, manufacturer or importer, should be able to provide detailed information and a Safety Data Sheet. In certain countries, such as those of the EU, the manufacturer or importer has the obligation to find and give adequate information about a chemical for assessment of the health and environmental hazards of his chemical for handling and for its labelling. Safety data sheets have been prepared on many dangerous substances and preparations by manufacturers. These should go together with the product to the occupational user. The information in these is not always validated or checked. On pure substances International Chemical Safety Cards are available. These contain validated basic information, which may be used also for preparing safety data sheets on chemical preparations or products. Lists of classified chemicals exist in several national legislations and regulations which provide information on local requirements in the handling of dangerous chemicals. The information for classification, and labels, may be obtained from tests, from literature, from practical experience and from information requirements by international rules on the transport of dangerous substances and wastes. Some sources of information are listed in the bibliography. 6. How to classify for a label? The label is the basic tool to keep the user informed on the classification and the most important safety precautions. This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

67/548/EEC Council Directive of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packing and labelling of dangerous substances This directive has been amended seven times and has eighteen adaptations to technical progress. 91/325/EEC Commission Directive of 1 March 1991 adapting to technical progress of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packing and labelling of dangerous substances 92/32/EEC Council Directive of 30 April 1992 amending for the seventh time Directive 67/548/EEC on approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packing and labelling of dangerous substances 88/379/EEC Council Directive of 7 June 1988 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the classification, packing and labelling of dangerous preparations This directive has four adaptations to the technical progress. 90/492/EEC Commission Directive of 5 September 1990 adapting to technical progress for the second time Council Directive 88/379/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the classification, packing and labelling of dangerous preparations 2455/92/EEC Council Regulation of 23 July 1992 concerning the export and import of certain dangerous chemicals 91/338/EEC Council Directive of 18 June 1991 amending for the 10th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 76/769/EEC Council Directive of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 88/364/EEC Council Directive of 9 June 1988 on the protection of workers by banning of certain specified agents and/or certain work activities (Fourth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 8 of Directive 80/1107/EEC) 91/339/EEC Council Directive of 18 June 1991 amending for 11th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 91/659/EEC Commission Directive of 3 December 1991 adapting to technical progress Annex I to Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations (asbestos) GARDNER and COOKE, Chemical Synonyms and Trade Names, Technical Press, London HEALTH and SAFETY COMMISSION, Information Approved for the Classification, Packing and Labelling of Dangerous Substances for Supply and Conveyance by Road, 2nd Ed., London 1988 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Code of Practice: Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1993 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Convention No. 170 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Recommendation No. 177 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol I - III, Geneva 1983 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Major Hazard Control, A Practical Manual, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Occupational Cancer: Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health Series 39, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1988 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

Irritantsymbol

92/32/EEC Council Directive of 30 April 1992 amending for the seventh time Directive 67/548/EEC on approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packing and labelling of dangerous substances 88/379/EEC Council Directive of 7 June 1988 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the classification, packing and labelling of dangerous preparations This directive has four adaptations to the technical progress. 90/492/EEC Commission Directive of 5 September 1990 adapting to technical progress for the second time Council Directive 88/379/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the classification, packing and labelling of dangerous preparations 2455/92/EEC Council Regulation of 23 July 1992 concerning the export and import of certain dangerous chemicals 91/338/EEC Council Directive of 18 June 1991 amending for the 10th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 76/769/EEC Council Directive of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 88/364/EEC Council Directive of 9 June 1988 on the protection of workers by banning of certain specified agents and/or certain work activities (Fourth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 8 of Directive 80/1107/EEC) 91/339/EEC Council Directive of 18 June 1991 amending for 11th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 91/659/EEC Commission Directive of 3 December 1991 adapting to technical progress Annex I to Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations (asbestos) GARDNER and COOKE, Chemical Synonyms and Trade Names, Technical Press, London HEALTH and SAFETY COMMISSION, Information Approved for the Classification, Packing and Labelling of Dangerous Substances for Supply and Conveyance by Road, 2nd Ed., London 1988 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Code of Practice: Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1993 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Convention No. 170 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Recommendation No. 177 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol I - III, Geneva 1983 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Major Hazard Control, A Practical Manual, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Occupational Cancer: Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health Series 39, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1988 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

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Hazardsymbols and meanings

The Safe Escape Product Replacement Guarantee will still be available for the life of the device, and TASER Pulse+ cartridges will continue to be sold at TASER.com. Service warranties will continue to be honored for 365 days after the product shipping date.

This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

The Pulse+ uses two replaceable CR123 batteries, found in most places batteries are sold. Watch our Senior Trainer Sara replace Pulse+ Batteries here . If your battery housing is malfunctioning, fill out the RMA form in our Help section for to begin the repair process.

IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

2. Workplace label:must appear on all products produced in a workplace or transferred to other containers by the employer; may appear in placard form on products received in bulk.

In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

Safety data sheets have been prepared on many dangerous substances and preparations by manufacturers. These should go together with the product to the occupational user. The information in these is not always validated or checked. On pure substances International Chemical Safety Cards are available. These contain validated basic information, which may be used also for preparing safety data sheets on chemical preparations or products. Lists of classified chemicals exist in several national legislations and regulations which provide information on local requirements in the handling of dangerous chemicals. The information for classification, and labels, may be obtained from tests, from literature, from practical experience and from information requirements by international rules on the transport of dangerous substances and wastes. Some sources of information are listed in the bibliography. 6. How to classify for a label? The label is the basic tool to keep the user informed on the classification and the most important safety precautions. This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

Some sources of information are listed in the bibliography. 6. How to classify for a label? The label is the basic tool to keep the user informed on the classification and the most important safety precautions. This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

Toxicsymbol

The first and most essential step leading to safe use of chemicals is to know their identity, to their hazards to health and the environment and the means to control them. This knowledge should be available with reasonable effort and cost. Furthermore, this inherently complex knowledge must be organized in such a way that essential information on the hazards and corresponding protective measures can be identified and conveyed to the user in a form that is easy to understand. The hazard classification and labelling process is an essential tool for establishing an effective information transfer so that the degree of the hazard the chemical represents for man and the environment can be recognized, the correct preventive actions be chosen, and safe use achieved. The International Labour Organization (ILO) has adopted the Convention No. 170 and Recommendation No. 177 on `Safety in the use of chemicals at work' in 1990. International, regional, and national classification and labelling systems are already established and tested in practice.  The United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods is widely recognized and used among the UN member states.  An example of a system that has been designed for use in several countries is the classification and labelling system of the European Communities (EC).  Several functioning national systems, such as those of Canada and USA, may also be used as models for national systems.  This guide could be used as training material or at places of work when individual labels are checked or prepared using the data on chemical substances listed in Annex 4. It may also serve as reference material, or as a manual, providing basic safety information on these substances. This guide describes the labelling system used in the countries of the European Union (EU) as an example and the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods is also briefly presented. This document consists of:  EU symbols and indications of danger  EU standard risk phrases (R-phrases)  EU standard safety phrases (S-phrases)  list of dangerous substances with the classification and labelling requirements  IARC list of cancer causing substances, carcinogens  list of chemicals with properties potential to cause major hazard  list of some substances and products which are subject to a ban or restrictions in EU countries  UN list of hazard classes for transport of dangerous goods  UN symbols for transport of dangerous goods  2. Identification and Classification The objective is to identify the hazardous properties of chemicals which may constitute a risk during normal handling or use, risks to health, property or the environment. The user of the chemicals is also to be introduced to the hazards they present and given the basic information, in a suitable manner, such as using a properly made label. In this document one component chemical is called a substance, a mixture composed of two or more substances is called a preparation. The hazards of preparations can be assessed using the information on hazards of their component substances. (See example 2.) For classification purposes the degree of hazard depends not only on the properties of a dangerous substance but also on the level of exposure. This refers to the concentration of hazardous components in the mixtures. In order to assess a preparation it is essential to know also the quantities of its hazardous minor components. The EU classification and labelling system used here as an example can be applied to dangerous substances and preparations. However, this system should not be applied to medical or veterinary products, cosmetics, munitions or explosives, pesticides specified elsewhere, waste and foodstuffs or animal feedstuffs in the finished stage. These have their own specifications and requirements for labelling. 3. What is a hazardous chemical ? The following properties contribute to risk to health resulting from acute, repeated or prolonged exposure:  very toxic or toxic  harmful  corrosive  irritant  cancer causing  hazards to reproduction  can cause non-heritable birth defects  sensitizing  Fire and explosion hazards may be classified as follows  explosive  oxidizing  extremely flammable  highly flammable  flammable  The following properties present a hazard to the environment and are:  toxic to living organisms  persistent in the environment  bioaccumulative  Also substances and preparations that cannot be classified by using the above system may be regarded as dangerous if they have properties which are hazardous to health, to living organisms or if they can damage property. 4. How to pass on the information to users? All chemicals, both substances and preparations, should have a clear marking to indicate their identity. The packages and containers of dangerous substances and preparations should, in addition to marking only, to have a label with required information. The label should draw attention to the inherent danger to persons handling or using the chemical. Symbols and pictograms have been established for each hazard category listed above. The symbol forms an integral part of the label and gives an immediate idea of the types of hazards that the substance or the preparation may cause. (Annex 1) To specify the type of danger pertinent standard risk phrases should also be included in the label. (Annex 2) Advice on the precautions necessary in the handling of chemicals are given with standard safety phrases also included in the label. (Annex 3) 5. Where to find information about hazardous chemicals? The chemical supplier, manufacturer or importer, should be able to provide detailed information and a Safety Data Sheet. In certain countries, such as those of the EU, the manufacturer or importer has the obligation to find and give adequate information about a chemical for assessment of the health and environmental hazards of his chemical for handling and for its labelling. Safety data sheets have been prepared on many dangerous substances and preparations by manufacturers. These should go together with the product to the occupational user. The information in these is not always validated or checked. On pure substances International Chemical Safety Cards are available. These contain validated basic information, which may be used also for preparing safety data sheets on chemical preparations or products. Lists of classified chemicals exist in several national legislations and regulations which provide information on local requirements in the handling of dangerous chemicals. The information for classification, and labels, may be obtained from tests, from literature, from practical experience and from information requirements by international rules on the transport of dangerous substances and wastes. Some sources of information are listed in the bibliography. 6. How to classify for a label? The label is the basic tool to keep the user informed on the classification and the most important safety precautions. This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

As probe connection and probe spread are the primary conditions for NMI, a probe deployment's ability to induce NMI does not depend on the target's mental state.

In certain countries, such as those of the EU, the manufacturer or importer has the obligation to find and give adequate information about a chemical for assessment of the health and environmental hazards of his chemical for handling and for its labelling. Safety data sheets have been prepared on many dangerous substances and preparations by manufacturers. These should go together with the product to the occupational user. The information in these is not always validated or checked. On pure substances International Chemical Safety Cards are available. These contain validated basic information, which may be used also for preparing safety data sheets on chemical preparations or products. Lists of classified chemicals exist in several national legislations and regulations which provide information on local requirements in the handling of dangerous chemicals. The information for classification, and labels, may be obtained from tests, from literature, from practical experience and from information requirements by international rules on the transport of dangerous substances and wastes. Some sources of information are listed in the bibliography. 6. How to classify for a label? The label is the basic tool to keep the user informed on the classification and the most important safety precautions. This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

Corrosivesymbol

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91/325/EEC Commission Directive of 1 March 1991 adapting to technical progress of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packing and labelling of dangerous substances 92/32/EEC Council Directive of 30 April 1992 amending for the seventh time Directive 67/548/EEC on approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packing and labelling of dangerous substances 88/379/EEC Council Directive of 7 June 1988 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the classification, packing and labelling of dangerous preparations This directive has four adaptations to the technical progress. 90/492/EEC Commission Directive of 5 September 1990 adapting to technical progress for the second time Council Directive 88/379/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the classification, packing and labelling of dangerous preparations 2455/92/EEC Council Regulation of 23 July 1992 concerning the export and import of certain dangerous chemicals 91/338/EEC Council Directive of 18 June 1991 amending for the 10th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 76/769/EEC Council Directive of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 88/364/EEC Council Directive of 9 June 1988 on the protection of workers by banning of certain specified agents and/or certain work activities (Fourth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 8 of Directive 80/1107/EEC) 91/339/EEC Council Directive of 18 June 1991 amending for 11th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 91/659/EEC Commission Directive of 3 December 1991 adapting to technical progress Annex I to Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations (asbestos) GARDNER and COOKE, Chemical Synonyms and Trade Names, Technical Press, London HEALTH and SAFETY COMMISSION, Information Approved for the Classification, Packing and Labelling of Dangerous Substances for Supply and Conveyance by Road, 2nd Ed., London 1988 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Code of Practice: Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1993 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Convention No. 170 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Recommendation No. 177 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol I - III, Geneva 1983 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Major Hazard Control, A Practical Manual, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Occupational Cancer: Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health Series 39, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1988 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

The pictorial symbol indicating danger is drawn in black and the background colour should be orange. The dimensions of the label:

IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

ILO, International Labour Organisation, Code of Practice: Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1993 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Convention No. 170 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Recommendation No. 177 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol I - III, Geneva 1983 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Major Hazard Control, A Practical Manual, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Occupational Cancer: Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health Series 39, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1988 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

The darts can penetrate clothing and the electricity can also jump up to two inches of combined distances between the probes and the skin.

In this document one component chemical is called a substance, a mixture composed of two or more substances is called a preparation. The hazards of preparations can be assessed using the information on hazards of their component substances. (See example 2.) For classification purposes the degree of hazard depends not only on the properties of a dangerous substance but also on the level of exposure. This refers to the concentration of hazardous components in the mixtures. In order to assess a preparation it is essential to know also the quantities of its hazardous minor components. The EU classification and labelling system used here as an example can be applied to dangerous substances and preparations. However, this system should not be applied to medical or veterinary products, cosmetics, munitions or explosives, pesticides specified elsewhere, waste and foodstuffs or animal feedstuffs in the finished stage. These have their own specifications and requirements for labelling. 3. What is a hazardous chemical ? The following properties contribute to risk to health resulting from acute, repeated or prolonged exposure:  very toxic or toxic  harmful  corrosive  irritant  cancer causing  hazards to reproduction  can cause non-heritable birth defects  sensitizing  Fire and explosion hazards may be classified as follows  explosive  oxidizing  extremely flammable  highly flammable  flammable  The following properties present a hazard to the environment and are:  toxic to living organisms  persistent in the environment  bioaccumulative  Also substances and preparations that cannot be classified by using the above system may be regarded as dangerous if they have properties which are hazardous to health, to living organisms or if they can damage property. 4. How to pass on the information to users? All chemicals, both substances and preparations, should have a clear marking to indicate their identity. The packages and containers of dangerous substances and preparations should, in addition to marking only, to have a label with required information. The label should draw attention to the inherent danger to persons handling or using the chemical. Symbols and pictograms have been established for each hazard category listed above. The symbol forms an integral part of the label and gives an immediate idea of the types of hazards that the substance or the preparation may cause. (Annex 1) To specify the type of danger pertinent standard risk phrases should also be included in the label. (Annex 2) Advice on the precautions necessary in the handling of chemicals are given with standard safety phrases also included in the label. (Annex 3) 5. Where to find information about hazardous chemicals? The chemical supplier, manufacturer or importer, should be able to provide detailed information and a Safety Data Sheet. In certain countries, such as those of the EU, the manufacturer or importer has the obligation to find and give adequate information about a chemical for assessment of the health and environmental hazards of his chemical for handling and for its labelling. Safety data sheets have been prepared on many dangerous substances and preparations by manufacturers. These should go together with the product to the occupational user. The information in these is not always validated or checked. On pure substances International Chemical Safety Cards are available. These contain validated basic information, which may be used also for preparing safety data sheets on chemical preparations or products. Lists of classified chemicals exist in several national legislations and regulations which provide information on local requirements in the handling of dangerous chemicals. The information for classification, and labels, may be obtained from tests, from literature, from practical experience and from information requirements by international rules on the transport of dangerous substances and wastes. Some sources of information are listed in the bibliography. 6. How to classify for a label? The label is the basic tool to keep the user informed on the classification and the most important safety precautions. This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

Noonlight is an app and connected safety platform on a mission to protect and comfort people so they can live freely–connecting its users and their smart devices to advanced emergency response. Backed by real, caring dispatchers, Noonlight will send emergency services (police, fire, or emergency medical services) when you manually trigger an alarm using the Noonlight app, or when one of your connected devices detects an emergency (car accident, heavy smoke or CO, break-in, and more). Additionally, Noonlight will share vital information from your profile directly with first responders to ensure you get the right help, right away. For help setting up Noonlight go here.

91/339/EEC Council Directive of 18 June 1991 amending for 11th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 91/659/EEC Commission Directive of 3 December 1991 adapting to technical progress Annex I to Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations (asbestos) GARDNER and COOKE, Chemical Synonyms and Trade Names, Technical Press, London HEALTH and SAFETY COMMISSION, Information Approved for the Classification, Packing and Labelling of Dangerous Substances for Supply and Conveyance by Road, 2nd Ed., London 1988 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Code of Practice: Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1993 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Convention No. 170 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Recommendation No. 177 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol I - III, Geneva 1983 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Major Hazard Control, A Practical Manual, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Occupational Cancer: Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health Series 39, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1988 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

Symbols and pictograms have been established for each hazard category listed above. The symbol forms an integral part of the label and gives an immediate idea of the types of hazards that the substance or the preparation may cause. (Annex 1) To specify the type of danger pertinent standard risk phrases should also be included in the label. (Annex 2) Advice on the precautions necessary in the handling of chemicals are given with standard safety phrases also included in the label. (Annex 3) 5. Where to find information about hazardous chemicals? The chemical supplier, manufacturer or importer, should be able to provide detailed information and a Safety Data Sheet. In certain countries, such as those of the EU, the manufacturer or importer has the obligation to find and give adequate information about a chemical for assessment of the health and environmental hazards of his chemical for handling and for its labelling. Safety data sheets have been prepared on many dangerous substances and preparations by manufacturers. These should go together with the product to the occupational user. The information in these is not always validated or checked. On pure substances International Chemical Safety Cards are available. These contain validated basic information, which may be used also for preparing safety data sheets on chemical preparations or products. Lists of classified chemicals exist in several national legislations and regulations which provide information on local requirements in the handling of dangerous chemicals. The information for classification, and labels, may be obtained from tests, from literature, from practical experience and from information requirements by international rules on the transport of dangerous substances and wastes. Some sources of information are listed in the bibliography. 6. How to classify for a label? The label is the basic tool to keep the user informed on the classification and the most important safety precautions. This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1:

No. Once paired and Emergency Response is toggled “On”, your TASER Pulse+ is monitored 24/7–even if your Noonlight app is closed. However, please be sure your Pulse+ is within connection range of your phone (usually ~30 meters) to ensure you’re always protected. Users may also have to configure privacy settings to allow Noonlight to monitor the Pulse+.

88/379/EEC Council Directive of 7 June 1988 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the classification, packing and labelling of dangerous preparations This directive has four adaptations to the technical progress. 90/492/EEC Commission Directive of 5 September 1990 adapting to technical progress for the second time Council Directive 88/379/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the classification, packing and labelling of dangerous preparations 2455/92/EEC Council Regulation of 23 July 1992 concerning the export and import of certain dangerous chemicals 91/338/EEC Council Directive of 18 June 1991 amending for the 10th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 76/769/EEC Council Directive of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 88/364/EEC Council Directive of 9 June 1988 on the protection of workers by banning of certain specified agents and/or certain work activities (Fourth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 8 of Directive 80/1107/EEC) 91/339/EEC Council Directive of 18 June 1991 amending for 11th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations 91/659/EEC Commission Directive of 3 December 1991 adapting to technical progress Annex I to Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the restrictions on the marketing of certain dangerous substances and preparations (asbestos) GARDNER and COOKE, Chemical Synonyms and Trade Names, Technical Press, London HEALTH and SAFETY COMMISSION, Information Approved for the Classification, Packing and Labelling of Dangerous Substances for Supply and Conveyance by Road, 2nd Ed., London 1988 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Code of Practice: Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1993 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Convention No. 170 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Recommendation No. 177 Concerning Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work, Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol I - III, Geneva 1983 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Major Hazard Control, A Practical Manual, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1990 ILO, International Labour Organisation, Occupational Cancer: Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health Series 39, 2nd Ed., Geneva 1988 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Chemical Safety, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology, Training Module No 1, Geneva 1992 IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria Series IPCS, International Programme on Chemical Safety and CEC, Commission of the European Communities, International Chemical Safety Cards National Board of Labour Protection, Finland, Dangerous Chemicals Classification, Warning Labelling, Material Safety Data Sheets, 1991 SAX N.I. and LEWIS R.J.Sr, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, VII ed., Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1988 UNITED NATIONS, Transport of Dangerous Goods, 8th Ed., New York 1993  Table of contents | Previous Chapter| Next Chapter

The packages and containers of dangerous substances and preparations should, in addition to marking only, to have a label with required information. The label should draw attention to the inherent danger to persons handling or using the chemical. Symbols and pictograms have been established for each hazard category listed above. The symbol forms an integral part of the label and gives an immediate idea of the types of hazards that the substance or the preparation may cause. (Annex 1) To specify the type of danger pertinent standard risk phrases should also be included in the label. (Annex 2) Advice on the precautions necessary in the handling of chemicals are given with standard safety phrases also included in the label. (Annex 3) 5. Where to find information about hazardous chemicals? The chemical supplier, manufacturer or importer, should be able to provide detailed information and a Safety Data Sheet. In certain countries, such as those of the EU, the manufacturer or importer has the obligation to find and give adequate information about a chemical for assessment of the health and environmental hazards of his chemical for handling and for its labelling. Safety data sheets have been prepared on many dangerous substances and preparations by manufacturers. These should go together with the product to the occupational user. The information in these is not always validated or checked. On pure substances International Chemical Safety Cards are available. These contain validated basic information, which may be used also for preparing safety data sheets on chemical preparations or products. Lists of classified chemicals exist in several national legislations and regulations which provide information on local requirements in the handling of dangerous chemicals. The information for classification, and labels, may be obtained from tests, from literature, from practical experience and from information requirements by international rules on the transport of dangerous substances and wastes. Some sources of information are listed in the bibliography. 6. How to classify for a label? The label is the basic tool to keep the user informed on the classification and the most important safety precautions. This information must be given if the preparation contains at least one substance classified as dangerous to man or the environment or if the preparation is otherwise regarded as dangerous, e.g. flammable, explosive. (Annex 4) In EU countries the label must clearly show  the trade name  the name and the address, including telephone number, of the manufacturer, the importer or the distributor  the chemical name of the substance (in the case of a preparation, the chemical names of the hazardous components)  danger symbols  risk phrases (R-phrases)  safety phrases (S-phrases)  the quantity of the contents of the package or container  The labels should be in the national, official language(s). The label should show the chemical names of substances that are primarily responsible for the hazards. As a general rule a maximum of four chemical names on the label should be sufficient. In some cases, more than four names may be necessary; for example all cancer causing substances in the preparation must be identified and the corresponding R- and S-phrases presented on the label. If the preparation contains one or more of the substances requiring the following R-phrases, both the name of the substance and the R-phrase should be mentioned in the label:  R39, R40, R42, R43, R42/43, R45, R46, R47, R48, R49, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64  As a general rule a maximum of four R-phrases and four S- phrases should suffice to describe the risks and to formulate the most appropriate safety advice. Symbols showing the most serious hazards should be chosen where more than one danger symbol has to be assigned. As a general rule a maximum of two danger symbols are used. The explanation of the letter symbols appearing in the attached lists are given below. Each letter symbol refers to a danger symbol or pictogram in Annex 1: