Chain of Command & Authority - hierarchy of command
Agencies should consider how body worn cameras will meet their mission needs and requirements prior to procurement and use of the technology. To provide general guidance to law enforcement practitioners, NIJ, NIST and the FBI developed a table listing operating characteristics and associated functionality descriptions based on existing technical resources about criminal justice use of video.[5],[6] The operating characteristics and associated functionality descriptions in the table can help agencies determine what they need as they consider the commercial products available.
Printable Trafficsignspdf
[note 6] Scientific Working Group on Imaging Technology, Recommendations and Guidelines for Using Closed-Circuit Television Security Systems in Commercial Institutions, Version 3.0, June 8, 2012.
Trafficsignsactivities for preschoolers
[note 4] CrimeSolutions is the NIJ-funded federal clearinghouse of evaluation research, showing what works, what does not work, and what is promising across broad expanses of criminal and juvenile justice programs and practice. Learn more about CrimeSolutions.
According to the 2018 BJS report, the main reasons (about 80% each) that local police and sheriffs’ offices had acquired body-worn cameras were to improve officer safety, increase evidence quality, reduce civilian complaints, and reduce agency liability.
[note 3] Lum, C., et al, Research on body-worn cameras: What we know, what we need to know, Criminology & Public Policy, pp. 93 – 118, March 24, 2019
On the one hand, we can say that pedestrian safety is the responsibility of drivers, who should follow all the road rules, especially in school zones. But even when the pedestrian is in the ‘right,’ the damage caused by accidents can’t always be fixed. Or if it can, it take a long time (especially with cases like trauma).
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And here is a neat game with free printables using the “I spy” idea to teach road signs to kids (better to go on a walk for this one):
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Here is an idea we found on Pinterest, where you can make ‘people’ on popsicle sticks, and have them practice crossing a paper drawing of a cross walk:
Since we are in B.C., our car insurance provider, ICBC, is one of the resources we can use for traffic safety teaching resources. In fact, they have free materials specifically made for educators here:
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Teachers can also use the following poster for older kids (who can read), or send them home to parents of a preschool classroom, as constant reminders:
During circle time, you can also play traffic safety games with kids. For example, one kid can pretend to be the ‘traffic light,’ and hold up a green, yellow or red circle. Two other kids can hold hands (one can be the ‘adult), and cross only when the ‘traffic light kid’ gives them the green light. During an outside activity, or for physical exercise games, you can even set up an obstacle course doing this, with cones, crosswalk signs, sidewalks and more.
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VGA, HD 720P, and 1080 HD are predominant standard resolutions. The higher the resolution, the more storage is needed. Estimates below were created assuming H.264 compression with medium to high motion at 30 frames per second (fps) derived using a heuristic formula widely used in industry. Actual storage utilized is dependent on scene complexity and the motion of the video captured. Consider what sort of analysis may be conducted on the video before selecting a resolution. For example, if forensic video analysis is anticipated, a resolution less than VGA is not recommended.
Based on these reviews and the existing research on the impact of body-worn cameras use, it is clear that further research is essential to determine the value of body-worn cameras use and potentially the more effective ways body-worn cameras could be deployed. Given the growing use of body-worn cameras, it would be best to build in rigorous evaluations as law enforcement agencies expand their use of this technology.
Road signsworksheet pdf
And this article that goes with it, explaining how to create mini roadways with these signs, to teach a lesson about road signs:
Road signsfor Kids
On that note, for daycare, preschool or kindergarten classrooms, remember that it’s mostly the parents who will need to be reinforcing these lessons when kids are spending time outside the classroom. They’ll also need to help kids prepare things like reflective clothing, flash lights, rules when walking through parking lots, or map routes to school. So, it’s good to have resources ready for school newsletters that keep parents informed, too.
In November 2018, the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) published a report on the use of body-worn cameras by law enforcement agencies in the United States in 2016.[2] This report showed that:
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[note 1] RCTs provide the highest degree of confidence that observed effects are the result of the program and not of other factors.
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One easy thing to start with are road signs. You can use paper cut outs to show kids what a stop sign look like, and what it means. You can do the same with the crosswalk sign, the traffic lights, train crossing, and so on. You can even use a photo of the crosswalk traffic controller button, to show kids they can press it, and only ‘go’ when they get the signal to do so.
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Keeping attention during circle time can mean introducing new games and concepts to kids. You can make one of those lessons about road safety.
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Free printableroad signsforPreschoolPDF
Developed by the NIJ-funded NLECTC Sensor, Surveillance and Biometric Technologies Center of Excellence, A Primer on Body-Worn Cameras for Law Enforcement provides an introduction to body-worn camera systems. The report discusses the functions and features of body-worn camera systems and highlights issues and factors that law enforcement organizations should consider before and during implementation.
Trafficsignsworksheets for kindergarten
There are plenty more on Pinterest, should you wish to do a search for these there (especially one containing signs that are used in your neighbourhood).
[note 2] Hyland, S., Body-Worn Cameras in Law Enforcement Agencies, 2016, Bureau of Justice Statistics, November 2018. Note that this survey excluded federal agencies, sheriffs’ offices with only jail or court duties, and special-purpose agencies such as transit police and campus police.
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You can also make felt shapes, and the kids can ‘stick’ their cars, people, bikes and road signs along a pretend road mat (like those rugs with road scenes on them, meant for playing with toy cars).
So, whether or not a child is following the rules, they still need to be street smart, by learning how to keep themselves safe and aware of traffic.
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Finally, you can teach street and road safety at preschool with an all-time favourite: crafts! These can also incorporate a lesson on geometry and shapes, since many street signs are based on these mathematical dimensions. Of course, that also brings up colours and word recognition, too.
[note 5] Home Office Centre for Applied Science and Technology, Body-Worn Video Technical Guidance (pdf, 10 pages), May 2014
Research does not necessarily support the effectiveness of body-worn cameras in achieving those desired outcomes. A comprehensive review of 70 studies of body-worn cameras use found that the larger body of research on body-worn cameras showed no consistent or no statistically significant effects.[3] This meta-analysis was rated by CrimeSolutions and resulted in a No Effects rating for the impact of body-worn cameras on use of force, assaults on officers, officer-initiated calls for service, arrests, traffic stops and tickets, and field interviews (i.e., stop and frisk). See Practice Profile: Body-Worn Cameras’ Effects on Police Officer Behavior. This profile is based on a meta-analysis published in 2020.
Sometimes, being safe is obvious to adults. But kids are not always aware of the ‘what if’ scenarios that we’ve become accustomed to. We may take for granted that there are street signs, crosswalks and sidewalks. And we know how to be alert to oncoming traffic. But kids need to be taught these skills. They also need to be taught how to use the tools available to them to prevent injuries on the street.
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You can use these popsicle sticks (or gingerbread men, or lego figurines, or Barbies, or dolls, or G.I. Joes), to play crossing the street on road rugs, cartoon maps, or your own crafted roads! For example, something like this paper road craft:
These mixed findings are further reflected in findings from evaluations of ten body-worn camera programs that have met the stringent criteria for inclusion in NIJ’s CrimeSolutions, see Table 1.[4] Across these evaluations, researchers looked at a range of outcomes, including use of force, citizen complaints, arrests, and assaults on officers. Four of the body-worn camera programs evaluated were found to have no, limited, or even negative effects.
The tips given by ICBC are fairly generic, and ‘common sense’ road rules for any jurisdiction, however. So even if you’re not in B.C., they can apply to you, too. They include tips like planning out routes with kids, so they know when they’ll need to stop at crosswalks, for instance. Or, wearing reflective clothing at night. And so on.
You know kids like screen time, so if it’s entertaining and educational, all the better. Thankfully, YouTube has educational channels for kids, which include videos on road safety.
These signs have symbols instead of words and the larger letters and numbers indicate the times and days parking limits apply.
Body-worn cameras are widely used by state and local law enforcement agencies in the United States. They are worn principally by officers in the performance of duties that require open and direct contact with the public. Despite their widespread and growing adoption, the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of body-worn cameras is mixed. Some studies suggest that body-worn cameras may offer benefits while others show either no impact or possible negative effects. The mixed results of these studies strongly imply that additional research is needed. In particular, more studies employing randomized control trials [1] are needed.