Polarization

P-polarized light, or transverse magnetic (TM) mode, refers to the polarization component that is parallel to the plane of incidence. This means that when the light is incident upon a surface, the electric field of p-polarized light lies entirely in the plane of incidence, oscillating in a direction parallel to this plane. This orientation contrasts with s-polarization where the electric field is perpendicular to the plane of incidence.

S-polarized light, also known as transverse electric (TE) mode, refers to the polarization component of an electromagnetic wave that is perpendicular to the plane defined by the direction of propagation and the normal to the reflecting surface (the plane of incidence). When light hits a surface and is s-polarized, the electric field oscillates in a direction perpendicular to the plane of incidence, and no component of this field lies in that plane.

Circularlypolarized light

The understanding of s and p polarization is crucial in many optical applications such as designing polarizers, optical coatings, and laser systems. These polarization states can affect the reflectivity, refractive behavior, and transmission through different materials and are often taken into account when designing optics for specific applications.

Polarization is a property of waves that can oscillate with more than one orientation. Electromagnetic waves, such as light, exhibit this property. In the context of polarization, 'S' stands for 'senkrecht' meaning perpendicular, and 'P' for 'parallel', indicating their respective orientations with respect to the plane of incidence when light is reflected or transmitted at a boundary.