What is the definition of optics? - definition of optics
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Learn more about what you can do with a standard lens in: Standard Lens Techniques: Using the Point of View to Draw the Viewer In 50mm Portraits, My Style: Creating A Picture of a Memory
A shorter focal length… - Captures more of the scene (= has a wider angle of view) - Makes distant objects appear smaller (= has lower magnification)
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Also see: Why Is a Super Telephoto Lens Necessary for Sports Photography? What is the difference between a 200mm and 300mm telephoto lens?
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Zamboni, Jon. (2018, April 25). What Is The Function Of A Microscope?. sciencing.com. Retrieved from https://www.sciencing.com/function-microscope-6575328/
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Ultra-wide-angle lenses take in so much that they are perfect for capturing grand scenes and large objects that are right in front of you, especially in tight spaces where you cannot move further back.
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You need a very long focal length to capture a detailed close-up picture of the moon without cropping. The image above was captured at 1600mm using an 800mm lens and a 2x extender.
A standard or “normal” lens gives a perspective that is very close to that of human vision. Most kit lenses are standard zoom lenses. The popular RF50mm f/1.8 STM “nifty fifty” lens is a standard lens on a full-frame camera, whereas the RF28mm f/2.8 STM is a slightly wider standard lens on an APS-C camera.
We usually describe a lens by its focal length. What does it refer to and how does it affect your images? Find out in this article.
This focal length is measured when the lens is focused to infinity (far into the distance). This is because when the lens is focused to infinity, light rays enter the lens almost parallel. When focused on a nearby subject, they enter the lens at an angle.
Ultra-wide-angle lenses exaggerate perspective so distances between objects look bigger. When combined with the wide field of view, it can bring out a sense of space.
The microscope gets its name from the Greek words micro, meaning small, and skopion, meaning to see or look, and it literally is a machine for looking at small things. A microscope may be used to look at the anatomy of small organisms such as insects, the fine structure of rocks and crystals, or individual cells. Depending on the type of microscope, the magnified image may be two-dimensional or three-dimensional.
Learn composition techniques that leverage on the characteristics of different lenses in: Professional Composition Techniques (3): Making Good Use of Lenses
Any focal length above 135mm full-frame equivalent is considered telephoto. However, 70 to 135mm (full-frame equivalent) is considered short or medium telephoto. These are popular for portrait and product photography due to their natural perspective and comfortable working distance for close-up shots.
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Getting up close to birds and other wildlife requires a special type of telephoto lens: a super telephoto lens. You may want to combine it with an extender for even further reach.
The microscope is one of the most important tools used in chemistry and biology. This instrument allows a scientist or doctor to magnify an object to look at it in detail. Many types of microscopes exist, allowing different levels of magnification and producing different types of images. Some of the most advanced microscopes can even see atoms.
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Learn the best ways to create amazing images and videos, share your works with the community and be inspired by our community.
Zamboni, Jon. What Is The Function Of A Microscope? last modified March 24, 2022. https://www.sciencing.com/function-microscope-6575328/
Light entering the lens converges (crosses) on its way to the image sensor. This convergence point is known as the optical centre of the lens and has the sharpest focus. The focal length is the distance between this convergence point and the image sensor.
When picking a lens, one of the first things you must decide on is the focal length or focal range that you want. This is because the focal length describes the angle of view, i.e., it tells how much of the scene in front of you the lens can capture.
Imaging microscopes are significantly higher in resolution and magnification than optical microscopes, but are also much more expensive. Different types of imaging microscopes utilize beams of different types of radiation or particles to provide an image of a sample. Confocal microscopes use laser light, scanning acoustic microscopes use sound waves, and X-ray microscopes, predictably, use X-rays. Electron microscopes use electrons and can magnify a sample by up to 2 million times. The transmission electron microscope creates a two-dimensional image, while the scanning electron microscope creates a three-dimensional image.
Zamboni, Jon. "What Is The Function Of A Microscope?" sciencing.com, https://www.sciencing.com/function-microscope-6575328/. 25 April 2018.
Let’s look at what happens when we shoot at different focal lengths from the same position. Note: For ease of illustration, the angles shown in this article are the horizontal angle of view.
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Telephoto lenses provide an angle of view that is much narrower than human vision. 70-200mm lenses provide the classic telephoto focal range.
Learn more about how to make the most of wide-angle lenses in: Exploring Wide Angle Lenses Part 1: Photo Effects of Wide-Angle Lenses 24mm Closeups: 3 Simple Exercises for Mastering Wide-Angle Perspective
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A longer focal length… - Captures less of the scene (= has a narrower angle of view) - Makes distant objects appear bigger (= has a higher magnification)
Lenses are classified as wide-angle, standard, or telephoto depending on their focal lengths. Ultra-wide-angle lenses are a subset of wide-angle lenses, whereas medium telephoto and super telephoto lenses are subsets of telephoto lenses.
Depending on the scene and your intentions, you might not need to go ultra-wide to frame what you want to show perfectly.
The compound microscope is the most familiar form of optical microscope. A compound microscope utilizes multiple lenses to provide magnification. A typical compound microscope will include a viewing lens that magnifies an object 10 times, and four secondary lenses that magnify an object 10, 40, or 100 times. Light is placed below the sample and travels through one of the secondary lenses and the viewing lens, and is thus magnified twice. For instance, if you use the 40 magnification lens with the 10 magnification viewing lens, the object you're viewing will be magnified 10 times 40, or 400 times. While a compound microscope can provide large amounts of magnification, the image produced by visual light are usually of a lower resolution than those produced by other microscopes.
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Notice how the buildings don’t appear to converge towards the top. They would on a wide-angle lens due to perspective exaggeration.
Due to physics, a lens with a shorter focal length has a wider angle of view, and one with a longer focal length has a narrower angle of view. And that’s how we came to use focal length to describe the angle of view of a lens!
At 16mm, we can capture the entire façade of the fire station as well as the road and the hedge in the foreground. As the focal length increases, details appear bigger in the frame while more of the foreground and the building is cropped out. 200mm gives us a good close-up of the building name and the crests below it.
Another form of optical microscope is the dissection or stereo microscope. This microscope uses two different viewing lenses and produces three-dimensional images of the sample. But it has a much smaller maximum magnification than a compound microscope, and usually cannot magnify more than 100 times.
The mental image you probably have of an ordinary microscope is that of an optical microscope. These microscopes use lenses and visual light. You look through the eyepiece of the microscope at a sample in real time. In contrast, imaging microscopes use a beam of radiation or particles. This beam bounces off or passes through the sample and is measured and interpreted by a computer that creates and saves an image of the sample for later viewing.
A scanning probe microscope can create a computerized image of individual atoms. This type of microscope measures the surface texture of an object on a very small scale, and will note where individual atoms protrude from that structure.
When you look straight ahead with your bare eyes, the field of view in focus is around 50° to 60°. Wide-angle lenses are any lens that gives a field of view wider than that. Ultra-wide-angle lenses are a special kind of wide-angle lens.
The focal length also affects many other aspects of your image, such as perspective and depth of field. To find out more, see 4 Lens Concepts to Revolutionise Your Photos.