What is Lens Distortion? - what is barrel distortion in a lens
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Professional optical instruments usually allow the easy exchange of oculars and the use of oculars with different parameters. One can often modify the magnification of an instrument that way, and at the same time other parameters such as the field of view and the image brightness can change. Instruments normally have a standardized kind of barrel (sleeve) for insertion of an ocular. There is also a mounting thread with which the eyepiece can be fixed after insertion.
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by BS Valentina · 2015 · Cited by 18 — Optical aberrations lead to defects in image-forming, the image obtained being imperfect and thereby decreasing the quality of vision. When an optic system ...
There is a wide range of optical designs of oculars. In the simplest case, there is only a biconvex lens or alternatively (for Galilean telescopes) a biconcave (negative) lens. Other designs contain two or more lenses; for example, the Huygens eyepiece and the Ramsden eyepiece contain two planar-convex lenses, namely a field lens and an eye lens. Other designs contain achromatic lenses for reducing chromatic aberrations. Further designs, which are optimized in various respects like a field of view and image distortions, are named after Georg Simon Plössl, Ernst Abbe and others.
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What is objectivelens in microscope
There are complicated design trade-offs, and the best choice can substantially depend on the optical instrument, the operation conditions and the priorities concerning performance parameters. Cost and weight can be additional aspects to consider.
Some optical instruments such as telescopes, infrared viewers and microscopes contain certain groups of optical elements, mostly lenses, which are called objectives and ocular lenses. While an objective is on the side of the observed object, the ocular lens (also called ocular or eyepiece, sometimes loupe) is on the side of the observing eye. It may contain a single optical lens or some combination of lenses and is normally placed in a cylindrical housing (barrel).
Further, the actual position of the exit pupil should be close to the position of the eye pupil, so that light which gets through the exit pupil can also enter the eye. The distance between the exit pupil and the physical end of the ocular is called the eye relief. Ideally, the eye relief should be at least about 5 mm, and possibly even 20 mm for observers wearing glasses. However, oculars with small focal length tend to have a smaller eye relief, e.g. only 2 or 3 mm, although there are design methods with which more can be achieved – possibly at the expense of other parameters. A particularly large eye relief is required for riflescopes because the recoil would otherwise push the ocular into the eye.
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How to useocular lens in microscope
The optical parameters of an ocular and not only the barrel diameter should fit to the optical instrument. It is sometimes possible to use oculars from different manufacturers with an instrument, but the performance may be degraded to some extent if the optical parameters do not fully fit.
Ocular lensmagnification
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Binoculars, infrared viewers and other compact optical instruments often have rigidly attached ocular lenses, which cannot be easily exchanged.
Besides the eye lens, which does the actual imaging, an ocular can contain an additional field lens for expanding the field of view. If that field lens is placed in the intermediate image plane, it does not affect the image magnification. However, the field lens is sometimes slightly moved away from that location.
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Ocular lens in microscopepdf
Ocular lens in microscopefunction
The magnification of an telescope or microscope can usually be understood as the product of the magnification factors of objective and ocular lens. The magnification of an eyepiece depends on its focal length. Generally, short focal lengths lead to higher magnification, but also to a smaller field of view and possibly stronger image distortions.
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The transverse limitations which an ocular imposes on the transmitted light are characterized with the diameter of the exit pupil. That diameter should approximately fit the diameter of the pupil of the observing eye:
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Types ofocular lens in microscope
The most frequently used barrel diameter for telescopes is 1.25 inches = 31.75 mm, but consumer devices may use smaller barrels of 0.965 inch = 24.5 mm, while there are also larger sizes such as 2 inch = 50.8 mm or even larger ones up to 4 inches for use in certain professional instruments. Large barrel diameters usually imply a higher price, but allow for a larger field of view for a given magnification.
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Ocular lensfunction
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Objectivelens microscopefunction
Note that the assumed pupil diameter is assumed to be significantly larger for an astronomical telescope than for a microscope because the viewing conditions are usually relatively dark, leading to a wide open eye.
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