NBA 107 is a single component, UV curing adhesive used for temporary bonding of lenses to metal polishing mounts or where bonded components need to be easily separated in the future.

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The tunneling from one well to the next gives rise to the concept of “quantum cascade”; the well depths can be engineered by controlling layer depths during the fabrication process to produce the desired wavelength of the lasing transition. The main advantage of this approach is that because the emitted wavelength only depends on the layer thicknesses and not on the constituent materials as with traditional semiconductor lasers, this technology can produce lasers in a very broad spectral range (λ from 3 to 160 µm).

Healthcare. QCL-based systems are also finding applications in the growing field of medical diagnostics because in the 3–12 μm region, sharp and strong absorption peaks appear, thanks to the fundamental vibrations of various molecules that make up biological tissue. Accordingly, biological tissue can be analyzed by investigating the absorption spectrum (the so-called “fingerprint spectrum”) formed by these molecules, making it possible to identify the constituent molecules and analyze their components. In principle, by using mid-IR absorption spectroscopy, components such as proteins, sugars, and lipids contained in blood or interstitial fluid can be analyzed noninvasively. Therefore, the development of healthcare systems performing health check-ups on-site and in real time without blood sampling is anticipated. For example, trace gases present on a patient’s breath can indicate diabetes, asthma, and other respiratory issues, kidney and liver dysfunction, and other indicators are being discovered regularly. QCL spectroscopy allows chemical analysis of surface layers, such as the characterization of special osteophilic coatings that are applied on the surface of orthopedic implants to improve acceptance of the implants by human tissue.

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Industrial controls (online gas sensing). The high beam quality of QCLs enables long path lengths that are useful for the monitoring of large indoor and outdoor facilities such as transportation terminals, chemical plants, refineries, and military bases. For example, a QCL-based system can scan the air inside of an airport terminal and detect the release of airborne chemical threats. A similar system is used for online monitoring of gases in pipes for process control and the remote, real-time sensing of industrial exhaust stacks for environmental regulation without the need for sampling the gas. For more complex gas molecules that absorb at longer wavelengths, terahertz QCLs are now being commercialized—some emitting in the range of 100 to 150 µm, which provide greater measurement accuracy than with current technologies.

Traditional semiconductor laser diodes use transitions in the p-n junctions of the semiconductor material to produce light emission. In contrast, in a QCL, the lasing transition occurs between states within a given quantum well. The advantage of this construction is that the electron responsible for the emission of the photon tunnels into the next quantum well and, as a result, multiple photons can be generated by a single electron, thereby making them extremely efficient.

Furthermore, QCLs are considerably brighter than other coherent sources in the fingerprint region, providing enough brightness for standoff, noncontact sensing of substances at long distances (up to hundreds of meters) with very small optical coupling loss. Additionally, the high brightness of QCL sources results in sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to eliminate the requirement for high-sensitivity cryogenic detectors and thus the nuisance of a liquid nitrogen supply.

One of the technologies benefiting from the use of QCLs is IR spectroscopy, which for more than a century has been used to chemically characterize substances by absorption or transmission. All covalently bound materials have a unique absorption spectrum in the IR spectrum due to the allowed vibration and rotation modes arising from the molecular structure. The various absorption bands associated with each molecular bond form a unique spectrum—known as a molecular fingerprint (the spectrum in the 5–14 μm range)—in which the vibrational resonances of most liquids, gases, plastics, glasses, and biological tissues, as well as radiation from celestial objects, can be found (see Fig. 1).

Care should be taken in handling the this material. The material Safety Data Sheet should be read for this product. Prolonged contact with skin should be avoided and affected areas should be washed thoroughly with copious amounts of soap and water. If adhesive gets into eyes, flush with water for 15 minutes and seek medical attention.

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202419 — Objective lenses are crucial to a microscope's performance as they affect the quality of the formed image. Evident offers more than 200 ...

Table of Contents · Objective Identification · M = L / F . · NA = ni × sinθ · FN = Field of View Diameter × Magnification · Magnification · Using an Objective with a ...

Thorlabs offers a wide range of quantum (and interband) cascade lasers to access the mid-IR spectral region: both Fabry-Perot QCLs, well suited for medical imaging, illumination, and microscopy applications, and distributed feedback QCLs emitting at a well-defined center wavelength and providing single spatial-mode operation ideal for chemical sensing, optical communications, and other applications.

Antonio Raspa is ultrafast solid-state laser product manager at Luxinar (Kingston upon Hull, U.K.), and an editorial advisory board member at Laser Focus World. He has more than 35 years of experience with solid-state laser design, photonics components, and fiber optics.

Advantage Light Source, Unilog offers a complete web-based eCommerce software package that integrates seamlessly with any ERP solution; and offers complete ...

The included visible blocking filter increases the signal-to-noise ratio by blocking visible light on applications such as inspecting infrared emitting ...

He holds a MSc degree in Electrical Engineering from Politecnico di Milano with a specialization in Quantum Electronics. Before joining Luxinar, he served as senior photonics program manager at the European Photonics Industry Consortium (EPIC; May 2020 – September 2022), preceded by Quanta System (1988-2000) as R&D manager for the development of solid-state laser sources and custom photonics systems for industrial and scientific applications. During this period, he participated, as Ozone LiDAR specialist, to the Italian research program in Antarctica. He then worked at Trumpf (2000-2008) and Rofin-Sinar (2008-2009) as a Product Manager for industrial laser products and processes. In 2009 he returned to Quanta System, organizing and managing a new plant for the production of sterile optical fibers for surgery.

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MIRPHAB has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Grant Agreements No 688265; it is an initiative of the Photonics Public Private Partnership.

Jan 15, 2023 — Randomly polarized light, a.k.a. unpolarized light, has electric field oscillations in each and every direction perpendicular to the direction ...

Environmental monitoring. Excessive quantities of pollutants (NOx, CO, NH3, VOC, etc.) emitted into the Earth’s atmosphere by transportation, industry, and agriculture livestock may cause diseases, allergies, and sometimes death of humans; it may also cause harm to other living organisms such as animals and food crops and may damage the natural or built environment. Monitoring and diagnosis of air quality are essential for providing clean and safe air for breathing. In this context, compact (portable) and accurate instruments based on laser absorption spectroscopy are available for real-time detection of several gases (SO2, CO, CO2, NH3, VOC, NOx, CH4, etc.) and are capable of gathering reliable data about global warming.

The peak that is created from the QWOT layers at the design wavelength is referred to as the first order harmonic. We have seen in a figure above that for the ...

Widely used for coupling light in and out of fibers. It has the advantage of easy for fabrication, light weight which can be considered as the ideal components ...

Keep NOA 148 in a cool (5-22 °C) dark place. If ref rigerated, allow the adhesive to come to room temperature before using.

Defense and security. A major defense application of QCLs is missile protection of helicopters or airplanes, commonly known as direct infrared countermeasure (DIRCM) where high-power 4 µm QCLs are used for heat-seeking missile countermeasures. Also, improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are often made of compounds that absorb in the terahertz range, and ruggedized, portable terahertz QCL-based detectors can be continuously scanned ahead of a moving convoy or used to search a public gathering space for threats.

NOA65

The enhanced functionality and spectral characteristics associated with QCLs make them an invaluable tool for many applications. The number of markets for QCLs is growing at an ever-increasing rate, as not only scientists and manufacturers, but also end-users, gain more experience with them. Over the next five years, it is reasonable to predict that as awareness of the value of these devices increases, more applications will be created and QCLs will become more readily available and affordable. To this end, and to fully exploit the current momentum, the Mid-IR Alliance has been established by MIRPHAB, a pilot line for prototyping and production of mid-IR chemical sensing devices able to operate in both gas and liquid mediums; it is an EC-funded initiative in a public-private partnership with Photonics21. The Mid-IR Alliance is an industrial group of companies active in mid-IR technologies at all levels of the supply chain, dedicated to the continued success and advancement of mid-IR technologies. The group includes laser and detector manufacturers, developers of mid-IR cameras and sensors, companies manufacturing photonic integrated circuits, software for modeling, and packaging services. The aim is to become the voice of mid-IR technologies and a bridge between end-users and the companies of this high-tech community.

Glass100 is a family business, owned and operated right here in WA. We supply and install professionally manufactured glass products for domestic and commercial ...

Norland Optical Adhesive NOA 89 is a clear, colorless, liquid photopolymer that will cure when exposed to ultraviolet light and or visible light (blue-violet).

Adhesion is also good to cellulose acetate butyrate. NOA 148 is cured by ultraviolet light between 315 to 395 nm. Full cure requires 6 Joules/cm². The adhesive exhibits oxygen inhibition when used as a coating. To overcome this, the adhesive must be cured under an inert atmosphere, such as nitrogen.

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Traditionally, IR absorption has been measured using a FTIR spectrometer consisting of a broadband IR light source and a scanning interferometer. QCLs substantially simplify the system by completely removing the interferometer from the setup and replacing the IR light source with a tunable QCL. As a result, QCLs are now widely utilized in chemical analysis and chemical imaging, as they can significantly reduce the cost and complexity of the system.

An achromat, in the context of optics, refers to a type of lens or lens system designed to reduce chromatic aberration. Chromatic aberration is an optical ...

NOA63

Norland Optical Adhesive 13685 is a clear liquid adhesive that will cure when exposed long wavelength ultraviolet light.

Norland UV Sealant 91 (UVS 91) is a screenable paste adhesive specifically designed to seal the perimeter of liquid crystal displays.

NOA61

In Japan, the multinational Hamamatsu Photonics produces three types of QCLs in the mid-IR range (4–10 μm) for molecular gas analysis and absorption spectroscopy applications. The first is a DFB-pulsed QCL, the technology for which has been developed further and then incorporated. The first is in the wavelength-swept, pulsed QCL, which realizes broad wavelength sweeping by external cavity configuration (see Fig. 5); the second is the DFB-CW QCLs with a built-in lens that provides a collimated beam in a sealed housing butterfly package; and the third is the DFB-CW QCL, which incorporates single-photon resonance-continuum depopulation (SPC) and distributed feedback structures to provide a stable single-mode emission under room temperature.

Member of Meridian Adhesives Group, the company Epoxy Technology Europe SRL (formerly known as Gentec Benelux) is a solutions provider addressing problems related to precision assembly, adhesives, encapsulants, coatings, UV curing and UV light measurement for a wide range of industries.

Lytid, also based in France, has pushed quantum well technologies for sensing to their limit with the state-of-the-art 5 μm mid-IR detector, MIRQWIP, which they claim is the fastest mid-IR photodetector on the market. Applications include high-speed mid-IR optical links, heterodyne instrumentation, and characterization of QCL combs. Lytid also provides a terahertz QCL that exploits inter-sub-band transitions in cascaded quantum well structures to generate terahertz radiation between 60 and 150 μm for imaging, gas spectroscopy, and space applications. The key advantages are direct generation of terahertz photons and high output power. The device also incorporates proprietary compact laser drivers designed for the specific needs of terahertz QCLs as well as a high-performance, highly reliable cryogen-free cooling system.

Compared with traditional Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), mass spectroscopy, and photothermal micro-spectroscopy systems, QCLs have a shorter response time and a much wider tuning range covering both mid- and longwave IR bands. These features allow for faster and more precise compact trace element detectors and gas analyzers, making QCLs ideal for a variety of sensing and spectroscopic applications.

Plastic optical fiber is a type of optical fiber made from transparent plastic, typically polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or polycarbonate. Unlike tradi.

The first experimental demonstration of the quantum cascade laser (QCL) was conducted in 1994 by a team at Bell Labs, led by Federico Capasso, the Robert Wallace Professor of Applied Physics at Harvard University. He noted that after almost 30 years from the invention of QCLs, they “are the only widely wavelength-tailorable and tunable light sources in the mid-infrared spectrum, and combined with compactness and room-temperature operation, have opened up a broad range of applications in science and technology, impacting spectroscopy, atmospheric chemistry for climate change studies, trace gas analysis, pollution monitoring, chemical sensing, diagnostics in sectors such as medicine, materials, and combustion, and military applications such as infrared countermeasures.” To date, lasing wavelengths have been demonstrated from as short as 2.63 μm to as long as 250 μm under standard operating conditions, although most commercially available QCLs tend to be in the 4–12 μm range.

At present, QCLs are still somewhat specialized devices and face two major challenges. Firstly, manufacturing is difficult to optimize as the devices require system designers to pay particular attention to the driver and temperature-control electronics. Current noise from the QCL driver broadens the laser linewidth, which reduces the overall system sensitivity and precision, and temperature change causes the wavelength to drift. To fully realize the precision made possible by QCLs, it is important that they are powered by ultralow-noise drivers and highly stable temperature controllers. Secondly, small batch sizes result in high unit cost.

As a consequence of their small size, low power requirement, and enhanced functionality compared to traditional semiconductor lasers, QCLs are being increasingly used in several application fields (see Fig. 2), including: