Notice the distance from the lamppost to the tree, and the bin, and also how the blue cafe sign comes closer as the focal length increases.

Put simply, focal length as denoted by the numbers on your lens (35mm, 50mm etc.) is the distance between your sensor or film and your camera lens when it’s focused to infinity.

As we saw above, shorter, wider angle lenses will add depth. Longer, narrower lenses will flatten the image. So what lens do we use for portraits?

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Personally, I take pictures to suit the focal length I have at my disposal, without even having the words ‘focal length’ enter my head.

This all means if you want to know you’re shooting the focal length as stated on your lens, you’re going to need a full frame or FX camera.

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Photography should be fun. Forget the numbers once you’re out there. Go enjoy it, and don’t come back without some great photos – whatever focal length it is you’re using. 😀

Crop factor relates directly to the type of sensor you have in your camera, and will alter the effective focal length of the lens you’re shooting with.

If it looks bad, I highly doubt thinking about the focal length would have been the best way for the photographer to make it a better picture.

Understand a bit about focal length will help you choose the best lens for getting the best results you can. That’s important.

I’m taking a photography class at a local School of Photography and always refer to your articles to flesh out my understanding of what I’m learning. You have such a gift at simplifying what can be a confusing subject. I just wish I had a book to write in a tag! For a visual learner especially, I can see the illustrations in my mind’s eye and they stay with me! Consider a book! Thanks 🙂

With the help of some Branston Pickle, Aesop’s Fables, and two men punching each other in the face, I’ll give you another visual.

I’m happy to hear you’re taking a photography class. I took some a few years ago and they’re the best money I ever spent on photography. Far more so than any gear. I hope you get a lot out of your classes too. 🙂

Even though everyone is different, we do have an idea of the boundaries of normality when it comes to the human form. And no model wants to have their nose or chin enlarged by the camera.

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The first picture, shot at 18mm, appears to show a greater distance between the objects while the one shot at 55mm is somewhat flatter, with the images appearing closer together.

Focal lengthof lens formula

Subjects appearing closer and fields of view becoming narrower are both rather obvious effects of different focal lengths.

Telephoto lensfocal length

The main options for cameras with interchangeable lenses are FX and DX in DSLRs, APS-C in Sony (and other) mirrorless, and micro four thirds or m43 in Olympus (and other) mirrorless.

I’ve already chosen my lens, which is always a fixed length, and am far more concerned with what I can capture with it, and how, than I am with why.

And if you think others will get something from this focal length explanation too, help them find it by sharing or pinning.  😀

Depending on what you shoot – landscape, portrait, street, travel, anything else – understanding the best focal length for the photographs you’re going to want to get is important.

What isfocal lengthof lens

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The pictures taken at 33mm and 55mm were taken from this position only to show you the lessening distance between the lamppost and the tree.

For these three pictures, I had to stand further away from the lamppost to make it appear the same size in each picture as my focal length increased (as I zoomed in).

Camera focal lengthcomparison

The first, which is perhaps the single most noticeable, is how close to the camera your subjects appear. It’s the basic action of zooming in and out.

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When taking these pictures, the three objects did not move. I did have to move the camera further away from the pickle as I zoomed in to the higher focal lengths, to have the bottle the same size in each picture, but that was the only change I made.

You might think the images in that post are rubbish, or you might think they aren’t bad. I would be surprised to hear you thought they’re rubbish because of the focal length though.

Had I been in the same park to take actual photos with a 55mm lens, and not just getting shots to demonstrate focal length, I wouldn’t have taken that third shot. I would have found other things to take pictures of. Things more suited to the focal length available to me.

Cameralens distance chart

Crop factor can be an annoyance when it negates truly wide angle lenses on non-full frame cameras, but it can usually be worked around for more common focal lengths.

Use it to pick the right lens for what you’re going to shoot, then concentrate fully on the creative side of things. Not the maths.

For me, focal length is something you should probably know about as a photographer. And know about it well enough to explain it to someone else.

I adapt to what I have and if this is a prime lens then we’re essentially trying to make the best of the restrictions we have given ourselves.

So whilst out with whatever lens you might have, you should be adapting your mind to suit what you see through the viewfinder, adapting your ideas, adapting your subjects, adapting your composition, and taking your photos accordingly.

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However, there are further, less conspicuous ways in which focal length changes how your images look. While they may not be quite so obvious to the beginner, they can be just as important depending on what you’re shooting.

If you have a zoom lens, say an 18-55mm, you can use it any focal length between 18 and 55mm. Prime lenses are fixed at one value.

If you have a DSLR and aren’t sure, it will probably be DX. These are the more common type, and if you never asked when you were buying it, you probably got a DX.

If you found this post on understanding focal length useful and want more practical photography guides, here are three more that can help you:

Phonecamera focal length

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For example, a 35mm lens on a DX or APS-C sensor will give something close enough to 50mm when x1.5, and a 50mm lens will give something close to 85mm, which is handily a great length for portraits.

One reason the focal length doesn’t matter when shooting street is that nobody knows, or cares, how near or far things really are in your images, so long as they look good.

Camera focal lengthchart

I said earlier that I don’t believe focal length is something to worry about once you’re out shooting, and this is where I can explain that further.

Not when you can always find a different angle or composition or, if it’s really not working, to just forget it and find a different subject.

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If a wider lens will make their features more prominent, longer lenses can, and often are, used to make them look more petite.

Nikoncamera focal length

And that leads us down the next rabbit hole. Because if you’re going to understand exactly how the focal length of your lenses will make your images look, you’re going to need to learn a bit about crop factor.

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When I’m out shooting on the street, I can adapt my images to suit the focal length. However, if you’re shooting something that needs a particular look, such as portraits choosing the right focal length is vital.

Because when you’re getting started in photography, all those numbers and terms can be pretty intimidating. They lead to a lot of questions for beginners around the subject of focal length.

As well as allowing for a shallower depth of field to blur the backgrounds, which is a whole other article, longer lenses can help make people look better.

I’m not thinking about what I could be capturing with a different focal length. I’m concentrating on what I can shoot and not worrying about what I can’t.

So to repeat that earlier statement, on a full frame or FX camera, a 50mm lens will give you photos that look pretty much as the human eye sees the world.

While that mini shoot was fun to do, we’ll always learn more from real world examples, such as these shots from the park.

The first step to understanding this is to ask, what kind of camera do you have? And more importantly, what size sensor does it have?

In short, the 50mm lens you buy might not be giving you a 50mm focal length. The 35mm lens you buy might not be giving you a 35mm focal length either.