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NDfiltercalculator

2021217 — The Fresnel lens, invented by Augustin-Jean Fresnel, helped do that by capturing all the light coming from a lamp, then magnifying and steering it in one ...

Reducing the intensity of light means we can either use a slower shutter speed or a larger aperture. A slower shutter speed can cause moving objects blurred (i.e., motion blur) which creates a sense of motion. The following images were taken using the Aperture-Priority Mode (950, 990 and 995). The aperture was set to F2.8, the largest possible aperture, so that shutter speed can be reduced properly. The left image below was taken without a ND filter, and, as you can see, the truck (running about 40 miles) is frozen. Adding a ND4 filter to reduce 2 stops (i.e., slowing the shutter speed to a quarter of that used for the left image), the vehicle shows motion blur (middle image below). Motion blur becomes even more significant if ND8 is used instead of ND4 (right image below) which reduces the shutter speed to 1/8 of that used for the left image. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image Note that a number of ND filters can be stacked up to further reduce the intensity of light. The following image was taken by using both the ND4 and ND8 filters. This reduces the intensity of light to 1/32 (i.e., 5=2+3 stops) of the original. Now motion blur is so obvious even in a small image. With both ND4 and ND8 filters Click on the icon to see a larger image Using Larger Aperture Since ND filters reduce the amount of light that can pass through the lens tube, they can be used to open up the aperture while keep the shutter speed the same. Keep in mind that a larger aperture produces a shallower Depth of Field (950, 990 and 995). The following images were all taken with a shutter speed of 1/30 second. The left one did not use a ND filter and the aperture used was F10.7. As you can see, the background is only blurred a little, and the subject seems part of the background. Adding a ND4 filter reduces the aperture to F5.4. The background is further blurred and the subject is isolated from the background. Using the ND8 filter reduces the aperture to F3.9. Now the subject is well isolated from the background! Moreover, it shows a sense of distance. While we can stack both ND4 and ND8 filters together, since the aperture of your camera is not large enough, doing so will produce underexposure images. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image

Feb 16, 2024 — In graphic design, contrast is the difference between design elements in color, tone, texture, size, shape, or other visual attributes, ...

Neutral density filterchart

Based on this understanding, ND filters help us in at least three situations: (1) reduce the intensity of light; (2) use slower shutter speed; and (3) use larger aperture. We shall discuss each of these situation briefly below. Reducing the Intensity of Light Nikon Coolpix 950, 990 and 995 have smallest aperture (resp., fastest shutter speed) f11.4, f11 and f10.3 (resp., 1/750, 1/1000 and 1/2000). Occasionally, it is possible that a correct exposure cannot be achieved even with the smallest aperture and fastest shutter speed. In such cases, ND filters become useful, because they can reduce the intensity of the light so that a photo can be taken within the limit of your camera. This is actually a common situation when film cameras and high speed films are used. Using Slower Shutter Speed Reducing the intensity of light means we can either use a slower shutter speed or a larger aperture. A slower shutter speed can cause moving objects blurred (i.e., motion blur) which creates a sense of motion. The following images were taken using the Aperture-Priority Mode (950, 990 and 995). The aperture was set to F2.8, the largest possible aperture, so that shutter speed can be reduced properly. The left image below was taken without a ND filter, and, as you can see, the truck (running about 40 miles) is frozen. Adding a ND4 filter to reduce 2 stops (i.e., slowing the shutter speed to a quarter of that used for the left image), the vehicle shows motion blur (middle image below). Motion blur becomes even more significant if ND8 is used instead of ND4 (right image below) which reduces the shutter speed to 1/8 of that used for the left image. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image Note that a number of ND filters can be stacked up to further reduce the intensity of light. The following image was taken by using both the ND4 and ND8 filters. This reduces the intensity of light to 1/32 (i.e., 5=2+3 stops) of the original. Now motion blur is so obvious even in a small image. With both ND4 and ND8 filters Click on the icon to see a larger image Using Larger Aperture Since ND filters reduce the amount of light that can pass through the lens tube, they can be used to open up the aperture while keep the shutter speed the same. Keep in mind that a larger aperture produces a shallower Depth of Field (950, 990 and 995). The following images were all taken with a shutter speed of 1/30 second. The left one did not use a ND filter and the aperture used was F10.7. As you can see, the background is only blurred a little, and the subject seems part of the background. Adding a ND4 filter reduces the aperture to F5.4. The background is further blurred and the subject is isolated from the background. Using the ND8 filter reduces the aperture to F3.9. Now the subject is well isolated from the background! Moreover, it shows a sense of distance. While we can stack both ND4 and ND8 filters together, since the aperture of your camera is not large enough, doing so will produce underexposure images. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image

Reducing the Intensity of Light Nikon Coolpix 950, 990 and 995 have smallest aperture (resp., fastest shutter speed) f11.4, f11 and f10.3 (resp., 1/750, 1/1000 and 1/2000). Occasionally, it is possible that a correct exposure cannot be achieved even with the smallest aperture and fastest shutter speed. In such cases, ND filters become useful, because they can reduce the intensity of the light so that a photo can be taken within the limit of your camera. This is actually a common situation when film cameras and high speed films are used. Using Slower Shutter Speed Reducing the intensity of light means we can either use a slower shutter speed or a larger aperture. A slower shutter speed can cause moving objects blurred (i.e., motion blur) which creates a sense of motion. The following images were taken using the Aperture-Priority Mode (950, 990 and 995). The aperture was set to F2.8, the largest possible aperture, so that shutter speed can be reduced properly. The left image below was taken without a ND filter, and, as you can see, the truck (running about 40 miles) is frozen. Adding a ND4 filter to reduce 2 stops (i.e., slowing the shutter speed to a quarter of that used for the left image), the vehicle shows motion blur (middle image below). Motion blur becomes even more significant if ND8 is used instead of ND4 (right image below) which reduces the shutter speed to 1/8 of that used for the left image. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image Note that a number of ND filters can be stacked up to further reduce the intensity of light. The following image was taken by using both the ND4 and ND8 filters. This reduces the intensity of light to 1/32 (i.e., 5=2+3 stops) of the original. Now motion blur is so obvious even in a small image. With both ND4 and ND8 filters Click on the icon to see a larger image Using Larger Aperture Since ND filters reduce the amount of light that can pass through the lens tube, they can be used to open up the aperture while keep the shutter speed the same. Keep in mind that a larger aperture produces a shallower Depth of Field (950, 990 and 995). The following images were all taken with a shutter speed of 1/30 second. The left one did not use a ND filter and the aperture used was F10.7. As you can see, the background is only blurred a little, and the subject seems part of the background. Adding a ND4 filter reduces the aperture to F5.4. The background is further blurred and the subject is isolated from the background. Using the ND8 filter reduces the aperture to F3.9. Now the subject is well isolated from the background! Moreover, it shows a sense of distance. While we can stack both ND4 and ND8 filters together, since the aperture of your camera is not large enough, doing so will produce underexposure images. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image

Different ND filter manufacture many use a different way to indicate the amount of light a ND filter can reduce. There are two typical systems as shown below: Density 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Reduction by f-stops 1/3 2/3 1 1 1/3 1 2/3 2 2 1/3 2 2/3 3 3 1/3 6 2/3 10 13 1/3 For example, Tiffen and B+W have 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 ND filters for reducing one, two and three stops of light. Hoya, on the other hand, uses 2×, 4× and 8× to indicate reducing 1 (i.e. 2=21), 2 (i.e., 4=22), and 3 (i.e., 8=23) stops. The two ND filters come with Nikon's Coolpack are of ND4 and ND8 type, which means they reduce two and three stops, respectively. All ND filters are gray in color. The deeper the color, the stronger the effect (i.e., reducing more light). The following shows Nikon's ND4 (font) and ND8 (rear) filters. From the shadows, it is clear that a ND8 blocks more light than a ND4 does. Based on this understanding, ND filters help us in at least three situations: (1) reduce the intensity of light; (2) use slower shutter speed; and (3) use larger aperture. We shall discuss each of these situation briefly below. Reducing the Intensity of Light Nikon Coolpix 950, 990 and 995 have smallest aperture (resp., fastest shutter speed) f11.4, f11 and f10.3 (resp., 1/750, 1/1000 and 1/2000). Occasionally, it is possible that a correct exposure cannot be achieved even with the smallest aperture and fastest shutter speed. In such cases, ND filters become useful, because they can reduce the intensity of the light so that a photo can be taken within the limit of your camera. This is actually a common situation when film cameras and high speed films are used. Using Slower Shutter Speed Reducing the intensity of light means we can either use a slower shutter speed or a larger aperture. A slower shutter speed can cause moving objects blurred (i.e., motion blur) which creates a sense of motion. The following images were taken using the Aperture-Priority Mode (950, 990 and 995). The aperture was set to F2.8, the largest possible aperture, so that shutter speed can be reduced properly. The left image below was taken without a ND filter, and, as you can see, the truck (running about 40 miles) is frozen. Adding a ND4 filter to reduce 2 stops (i.e., slowing the shutter speed to a quarter of that used for the left image), the vehicle shows motion blur (middle image below). Motion blur becomes even more significant if ND8 is used instead of ND4 (right image below) which reduces the shutter speed to 1/8 of that used for the left image. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image Note that a number of ND filters can be stacked up to further reduce the intensity of light. The following image was taken by using both the ND4 and ND8 filters. This reduces the intensity of light to 1/32 (i.e., 5=2+3 stops) of the original. Now motion blur is so obvious even in a small image. With both ND4 and ND8 filters Click on the icon to see a larger image Using Larger Aperture Since ND filters reduce the amount of light that can pass through the lens tube, they can be used to open up the aperture while keep the shutter speed the same. Keep in mind that a larger aperture produces a shallower Depth of Field (950, 990 and 995). The following images were all taken with a shutter speed of 1/30 second. The left one did not use a ND filter and the aperture used was F10.7. As you can see, the background is only blurred a little, and the subject seems part of the background. Adding a ND4 filter reduces the aperture to F5.4. The background is further blurred and the subject is isolated from the background. Using the ND8 filter reduces the aperture to F3.9. Now the subject is well isolated from the background! Moreover, it shows a sense of distance. While we can stack both ND4 and ND8 filters together, since the aperture of your camera is not large enough, doing so will produce underexposure images. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image

For example, Tiffen and B+W have 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 ND filters for reducing one, two and three stops of light. Hoya, on the other hand, uses 2×, 4× and 8× to indicate reducing 1 (i.e. 2=21), 2 (i.e., 4=22), and 3 (i.e., 8=23) stops. The two ND filters come with Nikon's Coolpack are of ND4 and ND8 type, which means they reduce two and three stops, respectively. All ND filters are gray in color. The deeper the color, the stronger the effect (i.e., reducing more light). The following shows Nikon's ND4 (font) and ND8 (rear) filters. From the shadows, it is clear that a ND8 blocks more light than a ND4 does. Based on this understanding, ND filters help us in at least three situations: (1) reduce the intensity of light; (2) use slower shutter speed; and (3) use larger aperture. We shall discuss each of these situation briefly below. Reducing the Intensity of Light Nikon Coolpix 950, 990 and 995 have smallest aperture (resp., fastest shutter speed) f11.4, f11 and f10.3 (resp., 1/750, 1/1000 and 1/2000). Occasionally, it is possible that a correct exposure cannot be achieved even with the smallest aperture and fastest shutter speed. In such cases, ND filters become useful, because they can reduce the intensity of the light so that a photo can be taken within the limit of your camera. This is actually a common situation when film cameras and high speed films are used. Using Slower Shutter Speed Reducing the intensity of light means we can either use a slower shutter speed or a larger aperture. A slower shutter speed can cause moving objects blurred (i.e., motion blur) which creates a sense of motion. The following images were taken using the Aperture-Priority Mode (950, 990 and 995). The aperture was set to F2.8, the largest possible aperture, so that shutter speed can be reduced properly. The left image below was taken without a ND filter, and, as you can see, the truck (running about 40 miles) is frozen. Adding a ND4 filter to reduce 2 stops (i.e., slowing the shutter speed to a quarter of that used for the left image), the vehicle shows motion blur (middle image below). Motion blur becomes even more significant if ND8 is used instead of ND4 (right image below) which reduces the shutter speed to 1/8 of that used for the left image. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image Note that a number of ND filters can be stacked up to further reduce the intensity of light. The following image was taken by using both the ND4 and ND8 filters. This reduces the intensity of light to 1/32 (i.e., 5=2+3 stops) of the original. Now motion blur is so obvious even in a small image. With both ND4 and ND8 filters Click on the icon to see a larger image Using Larger Aperture Since ND filters reduce the amount of light that can pass through the lens tube, they can be used to open up the aperture while keep the shutter speed the same. Keep in mind that a larger aperture produces a shallower Depth of Field (950, 990 and 995). The following images were all taken with a shutter speed of 1/30 second. The left one did not use a ND filter and the aperture used was F10.7. As you can see, the background is only blurred a little, and the subject seems part of the background. Adding a ND4 filter reduces the aperture to F5.4. The background is further blurred and the subject is isolated from the background. Using the ND8 filter reduces the aperture to F3.9. Now the subject is well isolated from the background! Moreover, it shows a sense of distance. While we can stack both ND4 and ND8 filters together, since the aperture of your camera is not large enough, doing so will produce underexposure images. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image

NDFilterfor Mobile

Recall that the thick red line indicates a constant exposure value (i.e., EV). To achieve this "correct" exposure, there are many different aperture-shutter speed combinations. After adding a ND filter, the exposure value is reduced because there is less light passing through the lens. This is shown as a dashed line in the above figure. Thus, if we want to keep the original shutter speed (without using a ND filter), aperture has to be wider; or, if we want to keep the original aperture, shutter speed must be slower. Different ND filter manufacture many use a different way to indicate the amount of light a ND filter can reduce. There are two typical systems as shown below: Density 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Reduction by f-stops 1/3 2/3 1 1 1/3 1 2/3 2 2 1/3 2 2/3 3 3 1/3 6 2/3 10 13 1/3 For example, Tiffen and B+W have 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 ND filters for reducing one, two and three stops of light. Hoya, on the other hand, uses 2×, 4× and 8× to indicate reducing 1 (i.e. 2=21), 2 (i.e., 4=22), and 3 (i.e., 8=23) stops. The two ND filters come with Nikon's Coolpack are of ND4 and ND8 type, which means they reduce two and three stops, respectively. All ND filters are gray in color. The deeper the color, the stronger the effect (i.e., reducing more light). The following shows Nikon's ND4 (font) and ND8 (rear) filters. From the shadows, it is clear that a ND8 blocks more light than a ND4 does. Based on this understanding, ND filters help us in at least three situations: (1) reduce the intensity of light; (2) use slower shutter speed; and (3) use larger aperture. We shall discuss each of these situation briefly below. Reducing the Intensity of Light Nikon Coolpix 950, 990 and 995 have smallest aperture (resp., fastest shutter speed) f11.4, f11 and f10.3 (resp., 1/750, 1/1000 and 1/2000). Occasionally, it is possible that a correct exposure cannot be achieved even with the smallest aperture and fastest shutter speed. In such cases, ND filters become useful, because they can reduce the intensity of the light so that a photo can be taken within the limit of your camera. This is actually a common situation when film cameras and high speed films are used. Using Slower Shutter Speed Reducing the intensity of light means we can either use a slower shutter speed or a larger aperture. A slower shutter speed can cause moving objects blurred (i.e., motion blur) which creates a sense of motion. The following images were taken using the Aperture-Priority Mode (950, 990 and 995). The aperture was set to F2.8, the largest possible aperture, so that shutter speed can be reduced properly. The left image below was taken without a ND filter, and, as you can see, the truck (running about 40 miles) is frozen. Adding a ND4 filter to reduce 2 stops (i.e., slowing the shutter speed to a quarter of that used for the left image), the vehicle shows motion blur (middle image below). Motion blur becomes even more significant if ND8 is used instead of ND4 (right image below) which reduces the shutter speed to 1/8 of that used for the left image. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image Note that a number of ND filters can be stacked up to further reduce the intensity of light. The following image was taken by using both the ND4 and ND8 filters. This reduces the intensity of light to 1/32 (i.e., 5=2+3 stops) of the original. Now motion blur is so obvious even in a small image. With both ND4 and ND8 filters Click on the icon to see a larger image Using Larger Aperture Since ND filters reduce the amount of light that can pass through the lens tube, they can be used to open up the aperture while keep the shutter speed the same. Keep in mind that a larger aperture produces a shallower Depth of Field (950, 990 and 995). The following images were all taken with a shutter speed of 1/30 second. The left one did not use a ND filter and the aperture used was F10.7. As you can see, the background is only blurred a little, and the subject seems part of the background. Adding a ND4 filter reduces the aperture to F5.4. The background is further blurred and the subject is isolated from the background. Using the ND8 filter reduces the aperture to F3.9. Now the subject is well isolated from the background! Moreover, it shows a sense of distance. While we can stack both ND4 and ND8 filters together, since the aperture of your camera is not large enough, doing so will produce underexposure images. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image

Using Slower Shutter Speed Reducing the intensity of light means we can either use a slower shutter speed or a larger aperture. A slower shutter speed can cause moving objects blurred (i.e., motion blur) which creates a sense of motion. The following images were taken using the Aperture-Priority Mode (950, 990 and 995). The aperture was set to F2.8, the largest possible aperture, so that shutter speed can be reduced properly. The left image below was taken without a ND filter, and, as you can see, the truck (running about 40 miles) is frozen. Adding a ND4 filter to reduce 2 stops (i.e., slowing the shutter speed to a quarter of that used for the left image), the vehicle shows motion blur (middle image below). Motion blur becomes even more significant if ND8 is used instead of ND4 (right image below) which reduces the shutter speed to 1/8 of that used for the left image. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image Note that a number of ND filters can be stacked up to further reduce the intensity of light. The following image was taken by using both the ND4 and ND8 filters. This reduces the intensity of light to 1/32 (i.e., 5=2+3 stops) of the original. Now motion blur is so obvious even in a small image. With both ND4 and ND8 filters Click on the icon to see a larger image Using Larger Aperture Since ND filters reduce the amount of light that can pass through the lens tube, they can be used to open up the aperture while keep the shutter speed the same. Keep in mind that a larger aperture produces a shallower Depth of Field (950, 990 and 995). The following images were all taken with a shutter speed of 1/30 second. The left one did not use a ND filter and the aperture used was F10.7. As you can see, the background is only blurred a little, and the subject seems part of the background. Adding a ND4 filter reduces the aperture to F5.4. The background is further blurred and the subject is isolated from the background. Using the ND8 filter reduces the aperture to F3.9. Now the subject is well isolated from the background! Moreover, it shows a sense of distance. While we can stack both ND4 and ND8 filters together, since the aperture of your camera is not large enough, doing so will produce underexposure images. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image

Note that a number of ND filters can be stacked up to further reduce the intensity of light. The following image was taken by using both the ND4 and ND8 filters. This reduces the intensity of light to 1/32 (i.e., 5=2+3 stops) of the original. Now motion blur is so obvious even in a small image. With both ND4 and ND8 filters Click on the icon to see a larger image Using Larger Aperture Since ND filters reduce the amount of light that can pass through the lens tube, they can be used to open up the aperture while keep the shutter speed the same. Keep in mind that a larger aperture produces a shallower Depth of Field (950, 990 and 995). The following images were all taken with a shutter speed of 1/30 second. The left one did not use a ND filter and the aperture used was F10.7. As you can see, the background is only blurred a little, and the subject seems part of the background. Adding a ND4 filter reduces the aperture to F5.4. The background is further blurred and the subject is isolated from the background. Using the ND8 filter reduces the aperture to F3.9. Now the subject is well isolated from the background! Moreover, it shows a sense of distance. While we can stack both ND4 and ND8 filters together, since the aperture of your camera is not large enough, doing so will produce underexposure images. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image

Users can switch between the stop values to arrive at the desired exposure or optical density strength depending on how much light is entering the lens. Unlike ...

Neutral Density Filterglasses

With both ND4 and ND8 filters Click on the icon to see a larger image Using Larger Aperture Since ND filters reduce the amount of light that can pass through the lens tube, they can be used to open up the aperture while keep the shutter speed the same. Keep in mind that a larger aperture produces a shallower Depth of Field (950, 990 and 995). The following images were all taken with a shutter speed of 1/30 second. The left one did not use a ND filter and the aperture used was F10.7. As you can see, the background is only blurred a little, and the subject seems part of the background. Adding a ND4 filter reduces the aperture to F5.4. The background is further blurred and the subject is isolated from the background. Using the ND8 filter reduces the aperture to F3.9. Now the subject is well isolated from the background! Moreover, it shows a sense of distance. While we can stack both ND4 and ND8 filters together, since the aperture of your camera is not large enough, doing so will produce underexposure images. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image

The main purpose of using neutral density (i.e., ND) filters is to reduce the amount of light that can pass through the lens. As a result, if a shutter speed is kept the same, after adding a neutral density filter, a larger aperture must be used to obtain the same exposure. Similarly, if an aperture is kept the same, after adding a neutral density filter, a slower shutter speed must be used to obtain the same exposure. This can be seen in the following diagram. Note that this diagram was discussed in the Program Mode (950, 990 and 995). Recall that the thick red line indicates a constant exposure value (i.e., EV). To achieve this "correct" exposure, there are many different aperture-shutter speed combinations. After adding a ND filter, the exposure value is reduced because there is less light passing through the lens. This is shown as a dashed line in the above figure. Thus, if we want to keep the original shutter speed (without using a ND filter), aperture has to be wider; or, if we want to keep the original aperture, shutter speed must be slower. Different ND filter manufacture many use a different way to indicate the amount of light a ND filter can reduce. There are two typical systems as shown below: Density 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Reduction by f-stops 1/3 2/3 1 1 1/3 1 2/3 2 2 1/3 2 2/3 3 3 1/3 6 2/3 10 13 1/3 For example, Tiffen and B+W have 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 ND filters for reducing one, two and three stops of light. Hoya, on the other hand, uses 2×, 4× and 8× to indicate reducing 1 (i.e. 2=21), 2 (i.e., 4=22), and 3 (i.e., 8=23) stops. The two ND filters come with Nikon's Coolpack are of ND4 and ND8 type, which means they reduce two and three stops, respectively. All ND filters are gray in color. The deeper the color, the stronger the effect (i.e., reducing more light). The following shows Nikon's ND4 (font) and ND8 (rear) filters. From the shadows, it is clear that a ND8 blocks more light than a ND4 does. Based on this understanding, ND filters help us in at least three situations: (1) reduce the intensity of light; (2) use slower shutter speed; and (3) use larger aperture. We shall discuss each of these situation briefly below. Reducing the Intensity of Light Nikon Coolpix 950, 990 and 995 have smallest aperture (resp., fastest shutter speed) f11.4, f11 and f10.3 (resp., 1/750, 1/1000 and 1/2000). Occasionally, it is possible that a correct exposure cannot be achieved even with the smallest aperture and fastest shutter speed. In such cases, ND filters become useful, because they can reduce the intensity of the light so that a photo can be taken within the limit of your camera. This is actually a common situation when film cameras and high speed films are used. Using Slower Shutter Speed Reducing the intensity of light means we can either use a slower shutter speed or a larger aperture. A slower shutter speed can cause moving objects blurred (i.e., motion blur) which creates a sense of motion. The following images were taken using the Aperture-Priority Mode (950, 990 and 995). The aperture was set to F2.8, the largest possible aperture, so that shutter speed can be reduced properly. The left image below was taken without a ND filter, and, as you can see, the truck (running about 40 miles) is frozen. Adding a ND4 filter to reduce 2 stops (i.e., slowing the shutter speed to a quarter of that used for the left image), the vehicle shows motion blur (middle image below). Motion blur becomes even more significant if ND8 is used instead of ND4 (right image below) which reduces the shutter speed to 1/8 of that used for the left image. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image Note that a number of ND filters can be stacked up to further reduce the intensity of light. The following image was taken by using both the ND4 and ND8 filters. This reduces the intensity of light to 1/32 (i.e., 5=2+3 stops) of the original. Now motion blur is so obvious even in a small image. With both ND4 and ND8 filters Click on the icon to see a larger image Using Larger Aperture Since ND filters reduce the amount of light that can pass through the lens tube, they can be used to open up the aperture while keep the shutter speed the same. Keep in mind that a larger aperture produces a shallower Depth of Field (950, 990 and 995). The following images were all taken with a shutter speed of 1/30 second. The left one did not use a ND filter and the aperture used was F10.7. As you can see, the background is only blurred a little, and the subject seems part of the background. Adding a ND4 filter reduces the aperture to F5.4. The background is further blurred and the subject is isolated from the background. Using the ND8 filter reduces the aperture to F3.9. Now the subject is well isolated from the background! Moreover, it shows a sense of distance. While we can stack both ND4 and ND8 filters together, since the aperture of your camera is not large enough, doing so will produce underexposure images. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image

Neutral Density FilterCanon

Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image

Tamron offers a wide selection of performance lenses for Sony, Nikon, Canon, and Fujifilm cameras. Browse our selection of high-quality lenses and ...

Neutral density filterOphthalmology

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OpticalDensity filter

Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image Note that a number of ND filters can be stacked up to further reduce the intensity of light. The following image was taken by using both the ND4 and ND8 filters. This reduces the intensity of light to 1/32 (i.e., 5=2+3 stops) of the original. Now motion blur is so obvious even in a small image. With both ND4 and ND8 filters Click on the icon to see a larger image Using Larger Aperture Since ND filters reduce the amount of light that can pass through the lens tube, they can be used to open up the aperture while keep the shutter speed the same. Keep in mind that a larger aperture produces a shallower Depth of Field (950, 990 and 995). The following images were all taken with a shutter speed of 1/30 second. The left one did not use a ND filter and the aperture used was F10.7. As you can see, the background is only blurred a little, and the subject seems part of the background. Adding a ND4 filter reduces the aperture to F5.4. The background is further blurred and the subject is isolated from the background. Using the ND8 filter reduces the aperture to F3.9. Now the subject is well isolated from the background! Moreover, it shows a sense of distance. While we can stack both ND4 and ND8 filters together, since the aperture of your camera is not large enough, doing so will produce underexposure images. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image

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Nikon Coolpix 950, 990 and 995 have smallest aperture (resp., fastest shutter speed) f11.4, f11 and f10.3 (resp., 1/750, 1/1000 and 1/2000). Occasionally, it is possible that a correct exposure cannot be achieved even with the smallest aperture and fastest shutter speed. In such cases, ND filters become useful, because they can reduce the intensity of the light so that a photo can be taken within the limit of your camera. This is actually a common situation when film cameras and high speed films are used. Using Slower Shutter Speed Reducing the intensity of light means we can either use a slower shutter speed or a larger aperture. A slower shutter speed can cause moving objects blurred (i.e., motion blur) which creates a sense of motion. The following images were taken using the Aperture-Priority Mode (950, 990 and 995). The aperture was set to F2.8, the largest possible aperture, so that shutter speed can be reduced properly. The left image below was taken without a ND filter, and, as you can see, the truck (running about 40 miles) is frozen. Adding a ND4 filter to reduce 2 stops (i.e., slowing the shutter speed to a quarter of that used for the left image), the vehicle shows motion blur (middle image below). Motion blur becomes even more significant if ND8 is used instead of ND4 (right image below) which reduces the shutter speed to 1/8 of that used for the left image. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image Note that a number of ND filters can be stacked up to further reduce the intensity of light. The following image was taken by using both the ND4 and ND8 filters. This reduces the intensity of light to 1/32 (i.e., 5=2+3 stops) of the original. Now motion blur is so obvious even in a small image. With both ND4 and ND8 filters Click on the icon to see a larger image Using Larger Aperture Since ND filters reduce the amount of light that can pass through the lens tube, they can be used to open up the aperture while keep the shutter speed the same. Keep in mind that a larger aperture produces a shallower Depth of Field (950, 990 and 995). The following images were all taken with a shutter speed of 1/30 second. The left one did not use a ND filter and the aperture used was F10.7. As you can see, the background is only blurred a little, and the subject seems part of the background. Adding a ND4 filter reduces the aperture to F5.4. The background is further blurred and the subject is isolated from the background. Using the ND8 filter reduces the aperture to F3.9. Now the subject is well isolated from the background! Moreover, it shows a sense of distance. While we can stack both ND4 and ND8 filters together, since the aperture of your camera is not large enough, doing so will produce underexposure images. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image

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Neutral density filtervs polarizer

Aug 16, 2017 — I like to shoot more on 21 millimeter lenses so you don't have that massive distortion, but it's still wide enough. There's sometimes where the ...

Germanium is a Infrared Material (IR) and is found in the following devices. Imaging systems and instruments; Lenses; Windows; Output coupler; Pulsed TEA; CO2 ...

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Density 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Reduction by f-stops 1/3 2/3 1 1 1/3 1 2/3 2 2 1/3 2 2/3 3 3 1/3 6 2/3 10 13 1/3 For example, Tiffen and B+W have 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 ND filters for reducing one, two and three stops of light. Hoya, on the other hand, uses 2×, 4× and 8× to indicate reducing 1 (i.e. 2=21), 2 (i.e., 4=22), and 3 (i.e., 8=23) stops. The two ND filters come with Nikon's Coolpack are of ND4 and ND8 type, which means they reduce two and three stops, respectively. All ND filters are gray in color. The deeper the color, the stronger the effect (i.e., reducing more light). The following shows Nikon's ND4 (font) and ND8 (rear) filters. From the shadows, it is clear that a ND8 blocks more light than a ND4 does. Based on this understanding, ND filters help us in at least three situations: (1) reduce the intensity of light; (2) use slower shutter speed; and (3) use larger aperture. We shall discuss each of these situation briefly below. Reducing the Intensity of Light Nikon Coolpix 950, 990 and 995 have smallest aperture (resp., fastest shutter speed) f11.4, f11 and f10.3 (resp., 1/750, 1/1000 and 1/2000). Occasionally, it is possible that a correct exposure cannot be achieved even with the smallest aperture and fastest shutter speed. In such cases, ND filters become useful, because they can reduce the intensity of the light so that a photo can be taken within the limit of your camera. This is actually a common situation when film cameras and high speed films are used. Using Slower Shutter Speed Reducing the intensity of light means we can either use a slower shutter speed or a larger aperture. A slower shutter speed can cause moving objects blurred (i.e., motion blur) which creates a sense of motion. The following images were taken using the Aperture-Priority Mode (950, 990 and 995). The aperture was set to F2.8, the largest possible aperture, so that shutter speed can be reduced properly. The left image below was taken without a ND filter, and, as you can see, the truck (running about 40 miles) is frozen. Adding a ND4 filter to reduce 2 stops (i.e., slowing the shutter speed to a quarter of that used for the left image), the vehicle shows motion blur (middle image below). Motion blur becomes even more significant if ND8 is used instead of ND4 (right image below) which reduces the shutter speed to 1/8 of that used for the left image. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image Note that a number of ND filters can be stacked up to further reduce the intensity of light. The following image was taken by using both the ND4 and ND8 filters. This reduces the intensity of light to 1/32 (i.e., 5=2+3 stops) of the original. Now motion blur is so obvious even in a small image. With both ND4 and ND8 filters Click on the icon to see a larger image Using Larger Aperture Since ND filters reduce the amount of light that can pass through the lens tube, they can be used to open up the aperture while keep the shutter speed the same. Keep in mind that a larger aperture produces a shallower Depth of Field (950, 990 and 995). The following images were all taken with a shutter speed of 1/30 second. The left one did not use a ND filter and the aperture used was F10.7. As you can see, the background is only blurred a little, and the subject seems part of the background. Adding a ND4 filter reduces the aperture to F5.4. The background is further blurred and the subject is isolated from the background. Using the ND8 filter reduces the aperture to F3.9. Now the subject is well isolated from the background! Moreover, it shows a sense of distance. While we can stack both ND4 and ND8 filters together, since the aperture of your camera is not large enough, doing so will produce underexposure images. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image

Using Larger Aperture Since ND filters reduce the amount of light that can pass through the lens tube, they can be used to open up the aperture while keep the shutter speed the same. Keep in mind that a larger aperture produces a shallower Depth of Field (950, 990 and 995). The following images were all taken with a shutter speed of 1/30 second. The left one did not use a ND filter and the aperture used was F10.7. As you can see, the background is only blurred a little, and the subject seems part of the background. Adding a ND4 filter reduces the aperture to F5.4. The background is further blurred and the subject is isolated from the background. Using the ND8 filter reduces the aperture to F3.9. Now the subject is well isolated from the background! Moreover, it shows a sense of distance. While we can stack both ND4 and ND8 filters together, since the aperture of your camera is not large enough, doing so will produce underexposure images. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image

All ND filters are gray in color. The deeper the color, the stronger the effect (i.e., reducing more light). The following shows Nikon's ND4 (font) and ND8 (rear) filters. From the shadows, it is clear that a ND8 blocks more light than a ND4 does. Based on this understanding, ND filters help us in at least three situations: (1) reduce the intensity of light; (2) use slower shutter speed; and (3) use larger aperture. We shall discuss each of these situation briefly below. Reducing the Intensity of Light Nikon Coolpix 950, 990 and 995 have smallest aperture (resp., fastest shutter speed) f11.4, f11 and f10.3 (resp., 1/750, 1/1000 and 1/2000). Occasionally, it is possible that a correct exposure cannot be achieved even with the smallest aperture and fastest shutter speed. In such cases, ND filters become useful, because they can reduce the intensity of the light so that a photo can be taken within the limit of your camera. This is actually a common situation when film cameras and high speed films are used. Using Slower Shutter Speed Reducing the intensity of light means we can either use a slower shutter speed or a larger aperture. A slower shutter speed can cause moving objects blurred (i.e., motion blur) which creates a sense of motion. The following images were taken using the Aperture-Priority Mode (950, 990 and 995). The aperture was set to F2.8, the largest possible aperture, so that shutter speed can be reduced properly. The left image below was taken without a ND filter, and, as you can see, the truck (running about 40 miles) is frozen. Adding a ND4 filter to reduce 2 stops (i.e., slowing the shutter speed to a quarter of that used for the left image), the vehicle shows motion blur (middle image below). Motion blur becomes even more significant if ND8 is used instead of ND4 (right image below) which reduces the shutter speed to 1/8 of that used for the left image. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image Note that a number of ND filters can be stacked up to further reduce the intensity of light. The following image was taken by using both the ND4 and ND8 filters. This reduces the intensity of light to 1/32 (i.e., 5=2+3 stops) of the original. Now motion blur is so obvious even in a small image. With both ND4 and ND8 filters Click on the icon to see a larger image Using Larger Aperture Since ND filters reduce the amount of light that can pass through the lens tube, they can be used to open up the aperture while keep the shutter speed the same. Keep in mind that a larger aperture produces a shallower Depth of Field (950, 990 and 995). The following images were all taken with a shutter speed of 1/30 second. The left one did not use a ND filter and the aperture used was F10.7. As you can see, the background is only blurred a little, and the subject seems part of the background. Adding a ND4 filter reduces the aperture to F5.4. The background is further blurred and the subject is isolated from the background. Using the ND8 filter reduces the aperture to F3.9. Now the subject is well isolated from the background! Moreover, it shows a sense of distance. While we can stack both ND4 and ND8 filters together, since the aperture of your camera is not large enough, doing so will produce underexposure images. Without ND With ND4 filter With ND8 filter Click on the icon to see a larger image