The light then exiting the medium and returning to the initial medium regains whatever phase velocity $v$ it had in this medium and therefore also to its initial incident angle.

USB cameraAndroid

Base image source: https://www.detailingwiki.org/detailing-miscellaneous/what-is-refractive-index/attachment/snellslaw1/

Once you receive the frames, convert into RGB or Jpeg (Android has support to convert ) and display on the canvas or imageview whichever you like.

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For a beam of light, dispersion will cause different wavelengths of light to bend in different angles, but they will all bend in the same sense.

Whenever I see a 2D drawing of dispersion occurring when light travels through a solid prism, I see the rays get bent downwards on entry and downwards on exit again. For example here: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Dispersion_(optics) To my understanding of optics when entering a medium with a higher optical density, the ray should get bent towards the normal of the surface, rotated CW and CCW when entering one with a lower IOR. However, the drawings suggest that it gets bent in the same direction upon entry and exit.

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1) Is your camera getting power from USB port?(For this to happen your USB port should have USB-OTG support- USB port can act both as target and host, Check whether the lights on camera(if any) are glowing or not?)

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(I wrote this in 2012 when there was no support for USB camera. I am not working on Android anymore.. so I cannot explain how to do it with the API of latest Android. If you know any better solution please post it here.)

2) Is node getting created in /dev directory?(Only in case the kernel has v4l2 and UVC support enabled,node will be created). If node is getting created, now you have access to the real hardware that is USB camera and your job is going to be easy from here on. to check do ls -l /dev/v* inside the android file system and check whether video0 or video1 is being created.

The phase velocity $v$ of light changes transitioning from one medium to a different density medium according to its refraction index $n$ and the refraction angle to the incident is dictated by Snell's law:

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One thing worth checking before you get started is whether your USB cable works with a mouse, keyboard, and USB Drive (you will need to StickMount app on some devices to get the USB drive working).

I am also looking to get a USB webcam working on Android and am trying to reproduce what was done at http://brain.cc.kogakuin.ac.jp/research/usb-e.html. Lastly I heard that Bluetooth webcams work out of the box.

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As of the date of this post(March 1 2012), there are no default Android API's available for working on external camera. So if you are serious about the project, the work you do would involve writing a firmware that talks to the kernel drivers and then displaying the data on the Android application layer.

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4) If node is created, you need to write a firmware(UVC) and acquire a frame from the real hardware. It(UVC) supports different ioctl calls that talk to the v4l2 layer in the kernel and will fetch you the frames.

If the boundary entry and exit surfaces of the medium are not parallel to each other, like the prism case, you have to algebraically add their difference to the exit angle. Snell's law does not change.

And the ray within the prism would bend away from the new normal at the new interface, corresponding to another clockwise rotation. ($\phi_2 < \theta_2$)

In reference to this figure, the incident ray should bend towards the normal, which would mean a clockwise rotation ($\phi_1 < \theta_1$)