Jun 14, 2020 — Microscopy - Magnification, Resolving power, Principles, Types and Applications - Download as a PDF or view online for free.

Free Space Optical Communication Systems. An FSO system in its simplest form is illustrated below. The data to be transmitted is converted to a binary format (1 ...

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More so than other optics, soiling on a rangefinder’s lenses – especially its emitter and receiver lenses – can lead to poor performance.

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Try as you might to keep them clean, binos have a way of finding the mud and catching the sand. To keep your glass clear, follow these steps:

Tilt platforms are generally used to adjust the angle of the platform plane relative to a mounting surface plane. In many cases, the intent is to make the ...

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Imagery data are represented by positive digital numbers which vary from 0 to (one less than) a selected power of 2. This range corresponds to the number of bits used for coding numbers in binary format. Each bit records an exponent of power 2 (e.g. 1 bit=2 1=2). The maximum number of brightness levels available depends on the number of bits used in representing the energy recorded. Thus, if a sensor used 8 bits to record the data, there would be 28=256 digital values available, ranging from 0 to 255. However, if only 4 bits were used, then only 24=16 values ranging from 0 to 15 would be available. Thus, the radiometric resolution would be much less. Image data are generally displayed in a range of grey tones, with black representing a digital number of 0 and white representing the maximum value (for example, 255 in 8-bit data). By comparing a 2-bit image with an 8-bit image, we can see that there is a large difference in the level of detail discernible depending on their radiometric resolutions.

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Dirty glass is bad in all optics, but with rangefinders, it can dramatically affect their performance. In addition to the lenses we’ve covered so far, rangefinders also have receiver and emitter lenses. These are where the laser leaves and returns to the rangefinder, and it’s critical to keep them clean. Here’s how to do it.

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While the arrangement of pixels describes the spatial structure of an image, the radiometric characteristics describe the actual information content in an image. Every time an image is acquired on film or by a sensor, its sensitivity to the magnitude of the electromagnetic energy determines the radiometric resolution. The radiometric resolution of an imaging system describes its ability to discriminate very slight differences in energy The finer the radiometric resolution of a sensor, the more sensitive it is to detecting small differences in reflected or emitted energy.

Unpolarized light, after being reflected by a specular (shiny) surface, generally obtains a degree of polarization. · Wearers of polarized sunglasses will ...

Hunting, observing wildlife, or shooting at the range: Do it long enough, and your optics are bound to get dirty. But before you grab the hem of you T-shirt and start wiping away that dirt and those dried on water spots, you should know that maintaining your glass is simple, fast, and only takes a few pieces of gear.

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The number of digital values possible in an image is equal to the number two (2 - for binary codings in a computer) raised to the exponent of the number of bits in the image (i.e. 2# of bits). The number of values in a 6-bit image would be equal to 26 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 64. Since the range of values displayed in a digital image normally starts at zero (0), in order to have 64 values, the maximum value possible would be 63.

The effects of chronic stress on reduced palatable food-seeking were found in female but not in male mice (Ball et al., 2020). ... ... Chronic stress alters ...

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Suppose you have a digital image which has a radiometric resolution of 6 bits. What is the maximum value of the digital number which could be represented in that image? The answer is ...

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...that there are trade-offs between spatial, spectral, and radiometric resolution which must be taken into consideration when engineers design a sensor. For high spatial resolution, the sensor has to have a small IFOV (Instantaneous Field of View). However, this reduces the amount of energy that can be detected as the area of the ground resolution cell within the IFOV becomes smaller. This leads to reduced radiometric resolution - the ability to detect fine energy differences. To increase the amount of energy detected (and thus, the radiometric resolution) without reducing spatial resolution, we would have to broaden the wavelength range detected for a particular channel or band. Unfortunately, this would reduce the spectral resolution of the sensor. Conversely, coarser spatial resolution would allow improved radiometric and/or spectral resolution. Thus, these three types of resolution must be balanced against the desired capabilities and objectives of the sensor.

This illustration shows the two hands of a person trying to count on his fingers to get the answer to the quiz question.

Cabela's Freshwater Fish Mount Replica Northern Pike is a high-quality game fish replica at an affordable price with an innovative low-profile, flat-backed ...

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Oct 11, 2023 — Learn how you can easily build your own eclipse projector.

Boasting the Reserve Blend 804 Solid Cover at 2000 abralon, this ball is a versatile gem in the 800 Series. Teamed with the innovative Immersed Symmetric A.I. ...

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Raman scattering ... In chemistry and physics, Raman scattering or the Raman effect (/ˈrɑːmən/) is the inelastic scattering of photons by matter, meaning that ...

These two images show a port area. The images are in grey scale. The illustration on the left shows the image presented in two bits, or 4 shades of grey. The illustration on the right is the same but presented in 8 bits or 256 shades of grey, which provides more details. This collage shows the difference in the level of detail between the two representations.

This illustration shows two hands juggle three balls representing radiometric, spectral and spatial resolution. This demonstrates that the user must continuously make tradeoffs between these three resolutions.

With most optics, you can get the job done in much the same way. Here are three rules of thumb to follow as you put together an optics cleaning kit and use your new skills in the field.

It’s our hope you can learn and laugh along with the expert voices we feature on this blog. We want to be clear that the opinions you see featured here are just that: opinions. The content belongs to the authors and is not necessarily the opinion of Vortex Optics.

One of the tricks with cleaning riflescopes is that you will sometimes be dealing with more foreign substances than other optics, namely gun oils and cleaners from maintaining firearms while the optic is still attached. These substances can reduce the hydrophobic properties of your lens coatings and lead to fogging issues in the field.