Figure 1 For maximum coupling efficiency into single mode fibers, the light should be an on-axis Gaussian beam with its waist located at the fiber's end face, and the waist diameter should equal the MFD.

FiberCollimator

Note: The PM20-25 ferrule adapter is designed without a locking connector mechanism and accepts fiber patch cables with Ø2.5 mm ferrules for quick power meter measurements.

Please note that our face shield design is functionally similar to those available from industry leaders like Pyramex, Grainger, 3M, or at hardware stores, differing primarily in the addition of the laser safety component, which is our unique value proposition.

For compatibility with FC/PC-terminated patch cables, we offer two bulkhead adapters: the HAFC2 with a 2.0 mm narrow-key slot and the HAFC with a 2.2 mm wide-key slot. Both adapters have 3.2 mm long, 3/8"-24 external mounting threads on the side opposite the FC/PC connector. To create 3/8"-24 taps in custom assemblies, Thorlabs offers the TAP3824 tap.

ReferencesKowalevicz A and Bucholtz F, "Beam Divergence from an SMF-28 Optical Fiber (NRL/MR/5650--06-8996)." Naval Research Laboratory, 2006.

The HAST adapter is a 0.58" (14.8 mm) long adapter for use with ST/PC terminated fiber optic patch cables. It has 0.18" (4.6 mm) of external 3/8"-24 external threads. The LN3824 Lock Nut, which has internal 3/8"-24 threads, may be purchased separately for mounting within OEM or custom systems. Both the HAST adapter and LN3824 are also available in packs of ten.

Cones of rays with angular ranges limited by the core's refractive index profile are illustrated Figure 5. The cone of rays with the largest angular spread (±θmax ) occurs on the fiber's axis (ρ = 0). The angular spread decreases as the radial distance to the axis increases.

Our HASMA adapter is 0.38" (9.65 mm) long, with a 1/4"-36 threaded barrel for use with SMA905- and SMA906-style terminated fiber optic patch cables. The threaded barrel can also be used with the lock nut for mounting within OEM or custom systems.

Note: The APC adapters have two dimples in the front surface that allow them to be tightened with the SPW909 or SPW801 spanner wrench. The dimples do not go all the way through the disk so that the adapter can be used in light-tight applications when paired with SM1 lens tubes.

As an example, Thorlabs designs and manufactures mating sleeves for FC/PC- and FC/APC-terminated patch cables to precise specifications that ensure good alignment when used correctly. To ensure the best alignment, the alignment key on the patch cable is inserted into the corresponding narrow or wide-key slot on the mating sleeve.

The disks are externally SM1-threaded (1.035"-40) and have four dimples, two in the front surface and two in the back surface, that allow it to be tightened from either side using an SPW909 or SPW801 Spanner Wrench. These dimples do not pass through the disk, ensuring the ferrule adapters are light-tight when used with SM1-threaded (1.035"-40) lens tubes. Once the adapter is in the desired position, use an SM1RR retaining ring to secure it in place.

Threaded & Unthreaded AdaptersThorlabs offers various types of fiber connector adapters, which allow the most common types of fiber connectors to be integrated with SM-threaded, C-Mount-threaded, or unthreaded components. Adapters for patch cables with narrow or wide key FC/PC, narrow or wide key FC/APC, SMA, ST®*/PC, SC/PC, or LC®/PC connectors are available; for more details on narrow versus wide key connectors, please see the Key Alignment tab. Vacuum-compatible wide key FC/PC and SMA conectors are available with external SM1 threading. Adapters without a locking connector mechanism are available for patch cables with a Ø2.5 mm ferrule end. We also offer flexure clamp adapters that allow our patch cables with a Ø1.25 mm or Ø2.5 mm ferrule end to be mounted within an SM05-threaded (0.535"-40) or SM1-threaded (1.035"-40) component. If the threading and connector combination you need is not shown below, please contact Tech Support. Our complete line of thread adapters can also be used to convert between threadings.

Narrow-Key-Slot Mating Sleeves2.0 mm narrow-key-slot mating sleeves allow for optimal alignment of angled, narrow-key FC/APC connectors, as shown in the animation below and to the right. Therefore, they are not compatible with connectors that have a 2.2 mm wide key. Please note that all FC/PC and FC/APC patch cables manufactured by Thorlabs use narrow key connectors.

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Note: Each disk has four dimples, two in the front surface and two in the back surface, that allow it to be tightened from either side with the SPW909 or SPW801 spanner wrench. The dimples do not go all the way through the disk so that the adapters can be used in light-tight applications when paired with SM1 lens tubes. Once the adapter is at the desired position, use an SM1RR retaining ring to secure it in place.

I would offer this is the only company I will do business with regarding Class 4 Laser safety. Their service is second to none. Regarding the acrylic face shield only, and its protection, this is absolute. The hardware metal screws are of a poor grade and sheared in half. The controls to elevate the face shield, will not properly hold the face shield elevated, and all plastic components, excepting the acrylic face shield, component plastic used, is some sort of possible styrene and not acceptable for this application . I wear their CE protective goggles in the 445 NM in the event the unit fails, and if you do, the face shield has merit in Class 4.

The coupling efficiency of light from a multimode source into a fiber's core can be improved if a multimode fiber is used instead of a single mode fiber.

Post-Mounting AdaptersPost-Mountable Ferrule Clamps are designed to hold fiber connectors securely and compactly in an experimental setup. Clamps are available for Ø1.25 mm, Ø2.5 mm, Ø3.2 mm, or Ø3.4 mm components, including FC/PC, FC/APC, SC/PC, ST/PC, and SMA connectors, as well as our GRIN fiber optic collimators. The flexure clamps include an 8-32 (M4) tapped hole for post mounting, and they use a 5/64" (2 mm) hex key to secure the ferrule.

FCadapter

If a custom or OEM solution is not desired, the adapters are also available mounted within unthreaded and SM-threaded disks (sold above) for compatibility with our lens tube systems. Fiber and bulkhead caps are also available for preventing damage to the terminated fiber when it is not in use. For OEM inquiries, please contact techsales@thorlabs.com.

Thank you for your review. We're pleased to hear that our service has met your expectations. Regarding your experience with the face shield:

The S120-25 ferrule adapter is designed without a locking connector mechanism and accepts fiber patch cables with Ø2.5 mm ferrules for quick measurements with photodetectors or power sensors.

The flexure clamp on each adapter is secured with a 3-48 cap screw, which is tightened using a 5/64" (2 mm) balldriver or hex key. Approximately 1.25 in-lbs (0.14 N·m) of torque is sufficient to secure the ferrule. When the ferrule is correctly positioned, the distance from the fiber end face to the adapter face is 0.01" (0.3 mm).

The disks are externally SM05-threaded (0.535"-40) and ensure that the ferrule adapters are light-tight when used with SM05-threaded (0.535"-40) lens tubes.

Bestfiber optic adapter

Graded-Index Multimode FibersThe core of a typical graded-index multimode fiber, shown on the right side of Figure 3, has a refractive index that is greatest at the center of the core and decreases with radial distance ( ρ ). The equation included below the diagram in Figure 5 shows that the radial dependence of the core's refractive index results in a radial dependence of the maximum acceptance angle and numerical aperture (NA). This equation also assumes a planar end face, normal to the fiber's axis that is surrounded by air.

FC/PC and FC/APC Patch Cables are equipped with either a 2.0 mm narrow or 2.2 mm wide alignment key that fits into a corresponding slot on a mated component. These keys and slots are essential to correctly align the cores of connected fiber patch cables and minimize the insertion loss of the connection.

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We recommend engaging at least two threads for stability when using a custom mount, with thread locker (Loctite) as an option for permanent solutions. If tapping a hole is not an option, the adapters can also be epoxied in place.

Figure 5: Graded-index multimode fibers have acceptance angles that vary with radius ( ρ ), since the refractive index of the core varies with radius. The largest acceptance angles typically occur near the center, and the smallest, which approach 0°, occur near the boundary with the cladding (0 < ρ1 < ρ2 ). Air is assumed to surround the fiber.

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Screws: This issue is unprecedented for us, but we value your feedback. We will expedite the dispatch of replacement screws. Please contact us to arrange this. Elevation Mechanism: We're interested in understanding the specific issue you've encountered to ensure it doesn't happen again. We'd appreciate the opportunity to discuss this further and find a solution.

Note: The ST and SMA adapters have indents/dimples in the front surface to allow the adapter to be tightened with the SPW801 spanner wrench. Note that these indents do not go all the way through the disk. The FC receptacles are too large to include the tightening indents. Instead we recommend putting an FC connector into the receptacle of the adapter to aid in tightening.

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Note: Each adapter shown here has two small dimples for aligning the adapter with our SPW909 fixed spanner wrench or SPW801 adjustable spanner wrench. The dimples do not go all the way through the disk so that the adapters can be used in light-tight applications.

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The flexure clamp on each adapter is secured with a 2-56 cap screw, which is tightened using a 5/64" (2 mm) balldriver or hex key. Approximately 2.0 in-lbs (0.23 N·m) of torque is sufficient to secure the ferrule. When the ferrule is correctly positioned, the distance from the fiber end face to the adapter face is 0.01" (0.3 mm).

Figure 3: Step-index multimode fibers have an index of refraction ( n ) that is constant across the core. Graded-index multimode fibers have an index that varies across the core. Typically the maximum index occurs at the center.

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These adapters are commonly employed when building free-space single mode or multimode fiber couplers and collimators or in other free-space coupling applications. They can also be utilized to provide light-tight coupling to our SM05 (0.535"-40)- or SM1 (1.035"-40)-threaded photodetectors and many of our power meter sensors. Our C-mount-threaded fiber adapters are useful for connecting patch cables to our C-mount cameras.

Wide-Key-Slot Mating Sleeves2.2 mm wide-key-slot mating sleeves are compatible with both wide-key and narrow-key connectors. However, using a narrow-key connector in a wide-key slot will allow the connector to rotate slightly in the mating sleeve (as shown in the animation below and to the left). While this configuration is acceptable for patch cables with FC/PC connectors, for FC/APC applications, we recommend using narrow-key-slot mating sleeves to ensure optimum alignment.

We stand firmly behind the quality and reliability of our products. If our resolution does not meet your satisfaction, we are prepared to discuss alternative solutions, including a refund. Please reach out to discuss how we can best serve you.

Fiber optic adaptertypes

For applications that rely on coupling as much light as possible into the multimode fiber and are less sensitive to modal dispersion, a step-index multimode fiber may be the better choice. If the reverse is true, a graded-index multimode fiber should be considered.

ThorlabsFiber Adapter

The coupling efficiency of light from multimode lasers or broadband light sources into the guided mode of a single mode fiber will be poor, even if the light is focused on the core region of the end face. Most of the light from these sources will leak out of the fiber.

These Adapter Plates allow our patch cables with a Ø1.25 mm or Ø2.5 mm ferrule end to be mounted within SM1-threaded (1.035"-40) systems. A flexure clamp is used to secure the ferrule end of the patch cable; the SM1FCM clamps on a Ø2.5 mm bare ferrule while the SM1LCM clamps on the Delrin®* sleeve of the Ø1.25 mm ferrule-terminated patch cables (see photo to the right).

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Step-Index or Graded Index?A step-index multimode fiber has the potential to collect more light than a graded-index multimode fiber. This is due to the NA being constant across the step-index core, while the NA decreases with radial distance across the graded-index core.

ST to SMAFiber Adapter

Figure 2 Conditions which can reduce coupling efficiency into single mode fibers include anything that reduces the similarity of the incident beam to the optical properties of the fiber's guided mode.

Step-Index Multimode FiberThe core of a step-index multimode fiber has a flat-top index profile, which is illustrated on the left side of Figure 3. When light is coupled into the planar end face of the fiber, the maximum acceptance angle (θmax ) is the same at every location across the core (Figure 4). This is due to the constant value of refractive index across the core, since the acceptance angle depends strongly on the index of the cladding.

The uncommon mounting threads in these adapters will require the use of custom mounting solutions. The HAFC2, HAFC, and HASMA adapters may directly screw into an adapter plate. In order to mount the HAST adapter, the LN3824 lock nut must first be threaded onto the adapter (see the photo above). Once the lock nut is secure, the assembly may be threaded onto an adapter plate with a thread depth of at least 0.10" (2.54 mm). Please note that the HAST adapter and LN3824 lock nut are machined so that the maximum amount of torque needed to secure them into the adapter plate should not exceed 121.6 oz-lbs (0.86 N•m).

It depends on the type of fiber. A step-index multimode fiber provides the same maximum acceptance angle at every position across the fiber's core. Graded-index multimode fibers, in contrast, accept rays with the largest range of incident angles only at the core's center. The maximum acceptance angle decreases with distance from the center and approaches 0° near the interface with the cladding.

Regardless of whether rays are incident near the center or edge of the core, step-index multimode fibers will accept cones of rays spanning angles ±θmax with respect to the fiber's axis.

Thorlabs Bulkhead Adapters each accept a fiber connector on one side and have threads that can be used to mount the adapter into an OEM or custom system. They are useful for applications that require light to be launched from a fiber into a free-space setup. The design aligns the front face of the connector ferrule with the rear surface of the adapter, as shown in the photo to the right, and allows the fiber to be placed in near-physical contact with any optics or instruments that are placed after the adapter.

However, the graded-index profile causes all of the guided modes to have similar propagation velocities, which reduces the modal dispersion of the light beam as it travels in the fiber.

Figure 4: Step-index multimode fibers accept light incident in the core at angles ≤|θmax | with good coupling efficiency. The maximum acceptance angle is constant across the core's radius ( ρ ). Air is assumed to surround the fiber.

Bulkhead AdaptersThorlabs' FC/PC, SMA, and ST/PC Bulkhead Adapters contain one connector for applications that require the projection of light into free space (the ST/PC adapters are also available in packs of ten). Their compact size and mounting threads make them ideal for OEM or custom applications. Our FC/PC and SMA bulkhead adapters boast a one-piece construction that integrates easily with a custom application, while a compatible 3/8"-24 lock nut is sold separately for the ST/PC bulkhead adapter for OEM applications. The design of the adapters aligns the front face of the connector ferrule with the rear surface of the adapter. This allows the fiber to be placed in near-physical contact with any optics or instruments that are placed after the adapter.

These Post-Mountable Ferrule Clamps allow fiber connectors to be mounted securely and compactly within an experimental setup. See the table below for compatible ferrule diameters and fiber connectors for each clamp. The fiber ferrule is clamped into the flexure mount using a 5/64" (2 mm) hex key. An 8-32 (M4) tapped hole on the bottom of the mount provides compatibility with our Ø1/2" optical posts.

Note: Each adapter has four dimples, two on the front and two on the back, that allow it to be tightened with the SPW801 and SPW909 spanner wrenches. Note that these indents do not go all the way through the disk so that the adapters can be used in light-tight applications when paired with C-mount extension tubes.

Adjusting the incident beam's angle, position, and intensity profile can improve the coupling efficiency of light into a single mode optical fiber. Assuming the fiber's end face is planar and perpendicular to the fiber's long axis, coupling efficiency is optimized for beams meeting the following criteria (Figure 1):

These Adapter Plates allow our patch cables with a Ø1.25 mm or Ø2.5 mm ferrule end to be mounted within SM05-threaded (0.535"-40) systems. A flexure clamp is used to secure the ferrule end of the patch cable; the SM05FCM clamps on a Ø2.5 mm bare ferrule while the SM105CM clamps on the Delrin®* sleeve of the Ø1.25 mm ferrule-terminated patch cables (see photo to the right).

The poor coupling efficiency is due to only a fraction of the light in these multimode sources matching the characteristics of the single mode fiber's guided mode. By spatially filtering the light from the source, the amount of light that may be coupled into the fiber's core can be estimated. At best, a single mode fiber will accept only the light in the Gaussian beam output by the filter.

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The Light Source can Limit Coupling EfficiencyLasers emitting only the lowest-order transverse mode provide beams with near-Gaussian profiles, which can be efficiently coupled into single mode fibers.

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