The required illumination of the object may be done through the lens and/or from the side. Illumination through the lens can have the advantage that it is brighter, with some concentration of the light by the lens. On the other hand, one may then be disturbed by parasitic reflections, if the lens does not have effective anti-reflection coatings.

hyperspectralvs.multispectralremote sensing ppt

To sum up, hyperspectral imaging is the most information-rich source of spectral data and provides multiple benefits over multispectral imagery to address different farming issues, such as detection of diseases, pests, NPK deficiencies, identification of weeds and other. Precision agriculture requires more than RGB information or multispectral imagery, and currently the hyperspectral imaging is the most advanced technology for remote sensing applications.

Particularly large magnifying glasses may be made in the form of Fresnel lenses (e.g. as thin sheet magnifiers), but then with reduced image quality.

A magnifying glass can also be used as burning glass, concentrating sunlight such that a material like paper in the focal plane can be incinerated.

The imaging properties of a magnifying glass must always be considered in conjunction of those with the human eye. The magnification of a loupe is defined as the ratio of the parent object sizes as observed with and without the glasses. For reading a book with small letters, for example, one may hold a magnifying glass in a significant distance from the eye, closer to the read text. When calculating the magnification based on a comparison of observation with and without the magnifying glass, but each time from the same relatively large distance, one obtains the magnification to be 1 plus the ratio of image distance and focal length.

Multispectralandhyperspectralimaging

Usually, the magnification of a simple magnifying glass is between 2 and 6. Higher magnifications would lead to a reduced image quality, as long as a simple lens is used. There are improved multi-lens designs, e.g. triplet magnifiers, which provide substantially higher magnification (up to about 30), but with a small field of view and less light throughput. They normally need to be held close to the eye, and should therefore be called loupes. Four higher magnifications, one uses microscopes.

The spectral resolution is the main factor that distinguishes hyperspectral imagery from multispectral imagery. Based on spectral responses, hyperspectral imagery captures more narrow bands than multispectral in the same portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The advantage of a higher spectral resolution gives ability to distinguish between different crop characteristics, which in turn provides ability to address more and much more complicated farming issues. The greater/finer detail in a scene, the more likely unique crop characteristics and physiological traits are to be defined.

Another important difference between multispectral and hyperspectral imagery is the ability to use AI and machine learning, facilitated by the high informational content of hyperspectral data. This allows to continually improve existing products and develop new products. Multispectral imaging technology lacks the information richness to enable continual development. Therefore, hyperspectral imaging is positioned to become a main remote sensing technology used on a global scale for various agricultural applications.

Hyperspectralimaging

Magnifying glasses can simply be made as spherical biconvex glass lenses. For a not too large field of view, the solution may be satisfactory. Plastic optics are often used instead of glass, and then it is usually not a problem to make an aspheric lens.

RGBvs multispectral vs hyperspectral

The table below reveals the main differences between multispectral and hyperspectral imaging, highlighting the ability to address specific agricultural applications.

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Gamaya is a Swiss-based company that develops crop intelligence platform to address crop and region specific issues to increase efficiency and sustainability of farming businesses.

Gamaya provides the world’s most advanced solution for diagnostics of farmland using a unique constellation of patented hyperspectral imaging technology, drone-based deployment and artificial intelligence. Gamaya farmland analytics solution improves production efficiency and risk management by facilitating optimised usage of chemicals and fertilisers, as well as reducing disease and weed-related losses. Some of the information services that we provide for soybean, corn and sugarcane include the detection and diagnostics of crop diseases, classification of weeds, optimization of fertilization, identification of crop varieties, as well as prediction of yield.

Aplanatic glasses, consisting of two plano-convex lenses, with the convex surfaces on the inner side, are popular as reading glasses because they exhibit low image distortions.

Multispectralcamera

Multispectralandhyperspectralremote sensing

Using our advertising package, you can display your logo, further below your product description, and these will been seen by many photonics professionals.

Hyperspectral imagery has been available for 20–30 years, but it’s been an extremely expensive exercise constructing the equipment, hiring developers, and analyzing the terabytes of data, so has mainly been used by large research institutes (Carnegie Airborne Observatory, ETHZ, etc.), space agencies and the military. Below we would like to compare multispectral vs hyperspectral imaging and clarify what are the real benefits of hyperspectral imaging in agriculture.

Hyperspectral vs multispectralcamera

The same effect can create a safety hazard; it can happen that a fire inadvertently arises from a magnifying glass, e.g. when displayed in a shop window. It is advisable to appropriately cover magnifying glasses when they are not in use.

Multispectralandhyperspectralremote sensing PDF

Gamaya is a data analytics company that empowers farmers with unprecedented in-depth understanding of their lands and crops using unique hyperspectral imaging and artificial intelligence. Gamaya is one of the first commercial company that makes hyperspectral imaging accessible for commercial applications, such as precision agriculture, at the cost comparable to multispectral imaging. The hyperspectral camera, developed by Gamaya, is not our primary goal. Our core expertise is in the analysis and interpretation of hyperspectral data using artificial intelligence to produce the information about the plant physiology.

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As seen from the table, multispectral imagery is largely limited to enabling analysis based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NVDI) and cannot, for instance, distinguish or classify weeds, diseases or pests. Multispectral cameras can measure generic characteristics such as if a plant is healthy or not, but hyperspectral images can go much further, and diagnose the exact reason for that state. In this sense, multispectral imaging is analogue of the blood pressure or heart rate measurements in medicine, while hyperspectral imaging is analogue of MRI scan, used to diagnose specific diseases.

Higher spectral resolution of the hyperspectral imaging predetermines the high information content of the hyperspectral data, which is 10 times higher than NDVI. As hyperspectral imaging allows to identify unique physiological crop traits, it becomes possible to identify crop diseases, pests and nutrient deficiencies, due to ability to correlate spectral signature with changes in the plant physiology. Hyperspectral imaging can identify and classify different type of weeds, wild vegetation and crop varieties, due to the fact that each specie of vegetation and variety of crop has its unique spectral signature.

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Magnifying glasses are a simple optical devices used for viewing details of objects with some magnification. They are sometimes regarded as being the same as loupes, but precisely speaking a loupe is used in a close distance from the eye, while magnifying glasses (or hand lenses) are held at a larger distance. Magnifying glasses are typically used in a larger distance from the eye, are themselves larger and typically have a longer focal length of 125 mm or more.

Such a device typically consists of a single lens, which modifies the path of light by refraction. The lens is usually mounted in a frame with a handle.

Further, we have many interesting case studies on the same page, with topics mostly in fiber optics. Concrete examples cases, investigated quantatively, often give you much more insight!

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