Whatis amicroscopeused for

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Whatismicroscopein science

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For generic use, a wavelength range must be specified. So, for example, one often sees $OD7\;450{\rm nm} - 510{\rm nm}$, meaning, pretty obviously, goggles that will give you seven orders of magnitude of attenuation over the whole range $450{\rm nm} \leq \lambda \leq 510{\rm nm}$.

Electron microscopy (EM) is a technique for obtaining high resolution images of biological and non-biological specimens. It is used in biomedical research to investigate the detailed structure of tissues, cells, organelles and macromolecular complexes. The high resolution of EM images results from the use of electrons (which have very short wavelengths) as the source of illuminating radiation. Electron microscopy is used in conjunction with a variety of ancillary techniques (e.g. thin sectioning, immuno-labeling, negative staining) to answer specific questions. EM images provide key information on the structural basis of cell function and of cell disease.

Lightmicroscope

Optical density may also mean the absolute value of the logarithm with base 10 of the power transmission factor of an optical attenuator:

I'm a zoology minor and we are doing protein estimation by colorimetric method. I have stumbled upon a term 'Optical density'. I don't understand the term well. Is it a measure of the extent of light that can pass through a particular object?

Microscopeparts and functions

For all intents and purposes, OD is the negative of the order of magnitude the factor by which the intensity of the light is reduced by the attenuating element with said OD.

For example, laser goggles marked $OD7\;488{\rm nm}$ means that the goggles will reduce incident power at 488nm by a factor of $10^7$. Goggles marked with a lone wavelength rather than a wavelength range are always meant for use with a particular kind of laser. For example, the $OD7\;488{\rm nm}$ goggles are meant for use with an argon ion laser. You cannot rely on them using another source of wavelength 485nm, for example.

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Types ofmicroscope

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Microscopediagram

There are two main types of electron microscope – the transmission EM (TEM) and the scanning EM (SEM). The transmission electron microscope is used to view thin specimens (tissue sections, molecules, etc) through which electrons can pass generating a projection image.   The TEM is analogous in many ways to the conventional (compound) light microscope.  TEM is used, among other things, to image the interior of cells (in thin sections), the structure of protein molecules (contrasted by metal shadowing), the organization of molecules in viruses and cytoskeletal filaments (prepared by the negative staining technique), and the arrangement of protein molecules in cell membranes (by freeze-fracture).

The second usage is the total attenuation afforded by a protective screen, neutral density filter, laser goggles or the like. $ODx\; \lambda=y$ or even $ODx\; y$ means that the filter, goggles etc afford a power attenuation factor of $10^x$ at a light wavelength of $y$ or light wavelength range $y$. That is, the power transmitted through the filter is $10^{-x}$ of the incident power when the wavelength is as stated.

To further the explanation above, I thought this image describing the second usage of optical density may be useful. The concept is being applied to a lens in regards to a laser passing through it. Each wavelength in the following chart will have its own OD but the notation is stating the minimum optical density over a range of wavelengths.

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10 uses ofmicroscope

For example, an optical density of 3 means that the optical power is attenuated by the factor $10^3$ That would correspond to an attenuation by 30 decibels.

Compoundmicroscope

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The first usage is as a synonym for refractive index, as described in the answers to the related question you cite. This is the commoner usage in physics.

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Conventional scanning electron microscopy depends on the emission of secondary electrons from the surface of a specimen. Because of its great depth of focus, a scanning electron microscope is the EM analog of a stereo light microscope. It provides detailed images of the surfaces of cells and whole organisms that are not possible by TEM. It can also be used for particle counting and size determination, and for process control.  It is termed a scanning electron microscope because the image is formed by scanning a focused electron beam onto the surface of the specimen in a raster pattern. The interaction of the primary electron beam with the atoms near the surface causes the emission of particles at each point in the raster (e.g., low energy secondary electrons, high energy back scatter electrons, X-rays and even photons).  These can be collected with a variety of detectors, and their relative number translated to brightness at each equivalent point on a cathode ray tube. Because the size of the raster at the specimen is much smaller than the viewing screen of the CRT, the final picture is a magnified image of the specimen. Appropriately equipped SEMs (with secondary, backscatter and X-ray detectors) can be used to study the topography and atomic composition of specimens, and also, for example, the surface distribution of immuno-labels.

In other words: OD = 6, means that the intensity will be reduced by a factor of 10 to the power of -6, a.k.a by a factor of a million.