Ray Optics Module - ray tracing optics
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2. Use the SCANNING (4x) objective and course focus adjustment to focus, then move the mechanical stage around to find the letter “e”. Note the orientation when viewed through the oculars.
3. Use the SCANNING (4x) objective to focus, then move the mechanical stage around to scan the slide for live microorganisms. You are looking for tiny swimming beings- they may look green or clear and might be very small. Choose one to focus on and center it in your visual field.
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A microscope is an instrument that magnifies an object so that it may be seen by the observer. Because cells are usually too small to see with the naked eye, a microscope is an essential tool in the field of biology. In addition to magnification, microscopes also provide resolution, which is the ability to distinguish two nearby objects as separate. A combination of magnification and resolution is necessary to clearly view specimens under the microscope. The light microscope bends a beam of light at the specimen using a series of lenses to provide a clear image of the specimen to the observer.
A large part of the learning process of microscopy is getting used to the orientation of images viewed through the oculars as opposed to with the naked eye. A common mistake is moving the mechanical stage the wrong way to find the specimen. This procedure is merely practice designed to make new users more comfortable with using the microscope.
2. Always start with the stage as low as possible and using scanning objective (4x). Odds are, you will be able to see something on this setting (sometimes it’s only a color). Use the coarse knob to focus: the image may be small at this magnification, but you won't be able to find it on the higher powers without this first step. Move the mechanical stage until your focused image is also centered.
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4. Switch to low power (10x). This may be sufficient to view your chosen organism. Try to note how it moves and do your best to draw it as you see it, unless you need more magnification.
1. Using the transfer pipette, transfer a drop of pond water onto a microscope slide. The best specimens usually come from the bottom and probably will contain chunks of algae or other debris that you can see with your naked eye.
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In addition to the objective lenses, the ocular lens (eyepiece) has a magnification. The total magnification is determined by multiplying the magnification of the ocular and objective lenses.
5. Once you have centered and focused the image, switch to high power (40x) and refocus. Note movements and draw the organism as you see it.
Sun protection: Although the Nd:YAG laser is safe for summer use, it's essential to protect your skin after treatment. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with high SPF to protect the treated area from UV rays.
In this lab, parts of the microscope will be reviewed. Students will learn the proper use and care of the microscope and observe samples from pond water.
2. Use the SCANNING (4x) objective and course focus adjustment to focus, then move the mechanical stage around to find the threads.
By following your specialist's recommendations and protecting your skin from the sun, you can enjoy the benefits of Nd:YAG laser treatment all year round, even in the hottest months.
Avoid excessive sun exposure: Avoid direct sun exposure, especially in the days following treatment. Wear protective clothing and wide-brimmed hats to minimize the risk of damage.
Hair removal: The Nd:YAG laser is effective for hair removal, even on tanned skin. It targets the hair follicle without affecting the surrounding skin, reducing the risk of burns and irritation.
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To better serve you during this time we have also upgraded our virtual consultation platform. You can learn more about it here.
Dr. Karl Schwarz and his staff would like to thank you for your continued support of the clinic and your patience while we take necessary precautions. We value the health and safety of our patients and staff above all else. Our safety measures include wearing masks and gloves, taking patient's temperature before entering the clinic, increased cleaning practices, and limiting the number of patients in the clinic at any one time.
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1. Place the letter “e” slide onto the mechanical stage. Be sure to note the orientation of the letter “e” as it appears to your naked eye.
Moisturizing: To aid recovery after treatment, keep your skin well-hydrated with soothing creams. For a few days, avoid products containing irritating ingredients such as retinoids or strong acids.
This portion of the procedure is another practice to demonstrate depth perception. Many new microscope users find it difficult to conceive that the specimen on the slide is in three dimensions. As the stage is moved up and down, different threads will be in focus.
The Nd:YAG laser (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet) is a type of laser that emits light at a wavelength of 1064 nanometers. This wavelength penetrates deeper into the skin than other lasers, making it particularly effective in treating a variety of skin problems while minimizing the risk of superficial damage.
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Treatment of vascular lesions: It is particularly effective for treating spider veins, angiomas and other vascular lesions. The 1064 nm wavelength enables the treatment of blood vessels without affecting the surface skin.
3. Once you've focused using the scanning objective, switch to the low power objective (10x). Use the coarse knob to refocus and move the mechanical stage to re-center your image. Again, if you haven't focused on this level, you will not be able to move to the next level.
Skin rejuvenation: The Nd:YAG laser stimulates collagen production and helps improve skin texture, reduce wrinkles, and firm the skin. It can be safely used on lightly tanned skin.
We look forward to seeing you again soon! Please reach out with any questions or concerns via email or phone at 514–508–3555.
Follow up with your healthcare professional: Follow your laser specialist's instructions. If you notice any signs of complications, such as persistent redness or blistering, consult your healthcare professional immediately.
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Summer is often synonymous with tanned skin and long days in the sun, but that doesn't have to mean a break in your skin care treatments. The Nd:YAG laser is one of the few types of laser considered safe and effective even during the sunny months.
This page titled 1.4: Microscopy is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Susan Burran and David DesRochers (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.
Your microscope has 4 objective lenses: Scanning (4x), Low (10x), High (40x), and Oil Immersion (100x). In this lab, you will not use the oil immersion lens; it is for viewing microorganisms and requires technical instructions not covered in this procedure.