During the analysis of the structure of chemical substances, the process determines the structure of the molecules in a chemical substance. This process, important in chemistry and pharmaceuticals, determines the polarisation of the Raman scattered light. If this light is completely polarised, the molecules are isotropically polarised; on the other hand if the polarisation of the scattered light is incomplete, the molecules are anisotropically polarised. The exact degree of depolarisation is determined by placing various polarisation filters in the beam path.

Raman spectroscopy is a method for the analysis of the inelastic scattering of light at molecules or solids and is used for the analysis of material characteristics, among other aspects.

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This is the Raman spectrum for a particle of polypropylene (red) compared to a reference from a spectral database (blue). The identification is unambiguous.

The basic prerequisite for Raman spectroscopy is a monochromatic light source. Because the light scattered during Raman scattering is of relatively low intensity, the light source must also have a very high radiation intensity. Lasers have both characteristics, lasers are available on the market with different fixed frequencies or as tunable devices.

Depending on the specific characteristics of the material to be analysed (e.g. the area of the excitation wavelength), Raman spectroscopy also has disadvantages. In particular, these include:

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Light incident on a non-transparent medium is predominantly scattered without changing its wavelength. This effect is termed Rayleigh scattering. A small part of this visible light is, however, scattered in a different wavelength. This phenomenon is called Raman scattering or the Raman effect, after the Indian physicist and Nobel laureate C. V. Raman. But what exactly is Raman scattering?

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Avantier can provide lenses in chalcogenide material. Chalcogenide is an amorphous glass and is easier to process than traditional IR crystalline materials.

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That something special about Quality Analysis: in our organisation you will find the right experts and the right analysis methods for all materials and every requirement.

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Infrared light is classified as light between the wavelengths of 1 mm to about 700 nm. Infrared IR radiation can be further divided into several categories:

Raman scattering describes the interaction of the photons (particles of light) with the molecules of the medium. The photons create molecular vibration in the sample. During this process the photons lose energy. Because the wavelength of the light is dependent on its energy, the wavelength is reduced by the loss of energy, in other words: the frequency changes compared to that of the incident light. The frequencies produced by Raman scattering are dependent on the material on which the light is incident. The frequency differences are dependent on various energies in the material such as the rotation, spin-flip and vibration processes. Part of this energy is transferred from the material to the light and changes the frequency of the light. This is the so-called Raman effect.

Our experienced engineers and consultants can help you determine the best substrate and antireflective or reflective coating best fits your application. Every situation is unique, and we can help you find a cost effective solution that meets your need. Whether you need special resistance to mechanical and thermal shock, or good performance in rugged environments, we can select the perfect substrate for you.  We can also help design your IR lens or optical lens assembly. From basic lens selection (singlet, aspherical lens, spheric lens, cylindrical lens, custom shape lens) to design of aspheric lenses arranged in a complex opto-mechanical device, or any other infrared optical assembly, we have you covered.

An IR lens is an optical lens designed to collimate, focus, or collect infrared light. At Avantier Inc., we produce high performance IR Optics such as IR lenses for use with near-infrared (NIR), short-wave infrared (SWIR), mid-wave infrared (MIR), and long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectra. These Infrared lenses can be customized for specific areas of the infrared spectrum, and are suitable for applications in defense, life science, medical, research, security, surveillance and other industries.

Compared to other spectroscopic methods, for example FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy offers a few advantages that result above all from the usage of different lasers in the visible to near IR range for a very wide range of materials. Specifically, these include:

In our modern laboratory, we use Raman spectroscopy for residual dirt analysis for the assessment of fibres, plastics or salts, for the verification and the identification of filmic contamination as well as particulate contamination and in chemical analytics, in particular in plastics analytics. There the method is used, e.g. for the identification of deposits, residues, inclusions, media, substances, additives and materials (plastics).

Using Raman spectroscopy, it is possible to draw conclusions about the following material characteristics, among others:

Raman spectroscopy is suitable for the analysis of a large number of substances. It is possible to analyse liquids, gases and solids.

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Since the invention of more powerful lasers that are at the same time less aggressive on the material, Raman spectroscopy has become established in almost all areas of chemical analytics. Thanks to the high information density, chemicals can not only be reliably identified, pure material concentrations can also be assessed in complex mixtures. Raman spectroscopy offers many other possible applications.

The Raman spectrum of each substance has certain areas with higher and lower areas of Raman intensity (so-called bands); these areas produce a characteristic image. This image can be compared to known patterns in a spectral library and the type of sample and its characteristics determined beyond doubt.

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Our extensive experience in infrared optics enables us to both design and produce the highest quality lenses and assemblies for IR light. State of the art metrology and a robust quality control program means that every lens with the Avantier name on it will perform exactly as intended, and we check and double check that each component meets your full specification. Our manufacturing processes meet all applicable ISO and MIL standards, and our IR lenses are well known throughout the world.

Chalcogenide glass is an ideal material for both high performance infrared imaging systems and high volume commercial applications. Chalcogenide glass is available in a variety of chemical composition options, but BD6, composed of arsenic and selenium (As 40 Se 60), is the best choice in terms of cost and ease of production. Chalcogenide infrared glass materials and lenses are also an excellent alternative to expensive, commodity price-driven materials such as Ge, ZnSe, and ZnS2. Chalcogenide glass primarily transmits in the MWIR and LWIR wavelength bands, making it suitable for infrared imaging applications.

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The substrate chosen for a lens will depend partly on which IR region it is designed for. For instance, Calcium Fluoride  (CaF2) lenses are a good choice for radiation between 80 nm – 8 μm and so would be ideal for NIR SWIR wavelengths. Zinc Selenide has optimal transmission from 8 – 12μm, although it offers partial transmission over 0.45 μm to 21.5 μm  and  Zinc Sulfide (good transmission in 8-12µm,  or partial transmission from 0.35 to 14µm).

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However, these disadvantages are minimised to a large extent by using modern lasers such that they are increasingly irrelevant for the practical use of Raman spectroscopy.

For the analysis of the reflected, scattered light, first all the light at the excitation wavelength (that is the Rayleigh scattering) must be removed using an optical filter. The remaining scattered light (the Raman scattering) is guided to an optical grid and split into its individual wavelengths. A CCD sensor produces a spectrum from this light.

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Whether you require one-off production of single infrared (IR) lens assembly for a specialized research project or a large quantity of fixed-focus IR lenses for industry use, you need to know you can count on your provider. When you work with Avantier, you know you are getting the best product possible, at the best possible price. Our engineers design for manufacturability and work hard to ensure you get an optimized product at an optimal price and within an optimal time frame. That’s because we’ve done it, again and again.

For years we have used Raman spectroscopy reliably and routinely to analyse samples for our customers. For this reason, we are also able to obtain exact measurement results in challenging conditions. The spectrometers and databases we use are from renowned brand-name manufacturers and as such guarantee not only precise results, but also maximum protection for the material.

At Quality Analysis we offer a broad spectrum of measuring and analytical services. These services also include the use of Raman spectroscopy to identify inorganic and organic samples as well as their composition and crystal orientation. Having spectroscopic analysis undertaken by us offers you a whole string of technical and commercial advantages.

The Raman spectrum is characterised by the bands mentioned. These areas of higher Raman intensity are characteristic for every substance. In this way the spectrogram of an unknown substance can be compared to samples from a spectral database. If the bands are in the same places, the classification is unambiguous, as in our example for the comparison of a sample to the spectrum for polypropylene.

If a material is treated thermally or mechanically, its internal stress can change. If you now compare the Raman spectra of a sample of the treated and untreated material, the changes in the stress can be detected in the form of frequency shifts. Higher frequencies are indicative of a compressive stress, while lower frequencies indicate an increase in the tensile stress.

The applications of Raman spectroscopy in medicine are very varied. In this way, for example, the chemical composition of kidney stones can be analysed immediately after their removal. Then the patient can be given tailored recommendations for the prevention of new stones without complex analyses in specialist laboratories. It is also possible to analyse a living biological sample using its Raman spectrum. Neither of these methods has become established as standard yet.